iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2025

Abstract: Résumé La fistule bilio-pleuro-bronchique est une complication rare mais grave des affections hépatobiliaires, le plus souvent liée à l’hydatidose hépatique. Elle se caractérise par une communication anormale entre les voies biliaires, la cavité pleurale et l’arbre bronchique. Le cas rapporté concerne un homme de 58 ans, avec antécédents de kystes hydatiques hépatiques opérés, qui a présenté une biliptysie, des douleurs thoraciques et un empyème pleural. Le diagnostic a été confirmé par l’imagerie (scanner thoraco-abdominal, bili-IRM) et l’analyse du liquide pleural......

[1]. S.RABIOU, L. BELLIRAJ, F.Z. AMMOR, I. ISSOUFOUA, B. SYLLA, M. LAKRANBIA, Y. OUADNOUNI, D. BENAJAH, M. SMAHI ; Le chirurgien thoracique face à la fistule biliobronchique d’origine hydatique. Rev Pneumol Clin. 2017
[2]. H. KABIRI, A. CHAFIK, S. Al AZIZ, A. El MASLOUT, A. BENOS-MAN, Traitement des fistules biliobronchiques et bilio-pleurobronchiques d'origine hydatique par thoracotomie, AnnChir 125 (2000) 654e659.
[3]. KILANI T, DANOUES A, HORCHANI H, SELLAMI M. Place de la thoracotomie dans les complications thoraciques des kystes hydatiques du foie. Ann Chir Thorac Cardiovasc 1991;45:705—10.
[4]. SAKHRIJ, BENALI A, LETAIFIR, DERBEL F, DAHMAN Y, BEN HADJI HAMIDA R. Les kystes hydatiques du foie rompus dans le thorax : aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. J Chir (Paris) 1996;133:437—41.
[5]. ENNABLI K. Les kystes hydatiques du foie ouverts dans les bronches ou la plèvre. A propos de 18 cas Ann Chir Thorac Cardiovasc 1984 ;38 : 560-6..

Abstract: Objectives: Aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of three different remineralizing dentifrices on surface microhardness of artificially demineralized human enamel.
Materials and Methods: Artificial white spot lesions were created in enamel blocks obtained from thirty sound human molars. Specimens were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the test dentifrice used, Group 1: Colgate Sensitive Plus toothpaste, Group 2: Aclaim toothpaste and Group 3: SHY-XT toothpaste. Samples were subjected to Vickers microhardness testing.........

Keywords: Remineralization, white spot lesions, nano-hydroxyapatite, fluoride, dentifrices, surface microhardness, in-vitro

[1]. Featherstone JDB. The continuum of dental caries—evidence for a dynamic disease process. J Dent Res. 2004;83(Spec No C):C39–42.
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[3]. Joshi C, Gohil U, Parekh V, Joshi S. Comparative evaluation of the remineralizing potential of commercially available agents on artificially demineralized human enamel: an in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2019;10(4):605–13.
[4]. Zero DT. Dental caries process. Dent Clin North Am. 1999;43(4):635-64.
[5]. Huang S, Gao S, Cheng L, Yu H. Remineralization potential of nanohydroxyapatite on initial enamel lesions: an in-vitro study. Caries Res. 2011;45(5):460–8.

Abstract: Background: Spinal anaesthesia is frequently used for lower abdominal and limb surgeries, but it is commonly associated with hypotension and bradycardia due to sympathetic blockade. Glycopyrrolate, an antimuscarinic agent, may prevent these hemodynamic changes. While intravenous glycopyrrolate has shown benefits, limited evidence exists on intramuscular administration........

Keywords: Spinal anesthesia , glycopyrrolate as a intramuscular

[1]. Lesser BJ, Sanborn VK, Valyskis R, Kuroda M. Severe bradycardia during spinal[3]and epidural anaesthesia recorded by an anaesthesia information management system. Anaesthesiology. 2003;99.
[2]. Lesser BJ, Sanborn VK, Valyskis R, Kuroda M. Severe bradycardia during spinal[3]and epidural anaesthesia recorded by an anaesthesia information management system. Anaesthesiology. 2003;859-66
[3]. Kleinman W, Mikhail M. Spinal, Epidural and Caudal Blocks. In Butterworth JF,[9]Mackey DC, Wasnick JD, editor. Morgan and Mikhail’s Clinical Anaesthesiology.6th ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018. Pp. 959-96.
[4]. Gallanosa A, Stevens JB, Quick J. Glycopyrrolate. [Updated 2022 May 8]. In:[4]StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.

Abstract: Periapical surgery is often indicated in cases where conventional endodontic therapy fails to resolve persistent periapical pathology. This case report presents two clinical scenarios where endodontic microsurgery, complemented by regenerative materials—platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NcHA), and a collagen membrane—was employed to treat large periradicular lesions. PRF, a second-generation autologous platelet concentrate.........

Keywords: Periapical surgery, endodontic microsurgery, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NcHA), guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bone graft, CBCT, periradicular lesion, apicoectomy, regenerative endodontics.

[1]. Abramovitz I, Better H, Shacham A, Shalomi B, Metzger Z. Case Selection for apical surgery: A retrospective evaluation of associated factors and rational. J Endod 2002;28:527-30.
[2]. Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): A second-generation platelet concentrate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;101:45-50.
[3]. Precheur HV. Bone graft materials. Dent Clin North Am 2007;51:729-46, viii.
[4]. Saluja H, Dehane V, Mahindra U. Platelet-rich fibrin: A second generation platelet concentrate and a new friend of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2011;1:53-7.
[5]. Sreedevi P, Varghese N, Varugheese JM. Prognosis of periapical surgery using bonegrafts: A clinical study. J Conserv Dent 2011;14:68-72.

Abstract: Background: Cataract surgery, though commonly performed under regional anesthesia, is associated with significant preoperative anxiety and discomfort. Traditional sedatives like benzodiazepines may cause undesirable side effects. Melatonin, a natural neurohormone, has shown promise as a premedication due to its anxiolytic and analgesic properties with minimal adverse effects. Objective.......

Key Word: Melatonin, cataract surgery, regional anesthesia, anxiety, analgesia, intraocular pressure, STAI, premedication.

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[3]. 3Roizen MJ, Lichtor JL. Wylie Churchill-Davidson's A Practice of Anesthesia, 7th Edition.
[4]. Warfield CA, Kahn CH. Acute pain management. Anesthesiology. 1995;83:1090–92.
[5]. Aliya A, Fauzia AK, Aziza H. Comparison of two sedation techniques. J Pak Med Assoc. 2007;57:548-552.

Abstract: Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent complaint after endotracheal intubation, resulting in significant anguish and discomfort to the patient.Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods have been studied extensively for decreasing POST with varying results. Magnesium can block N-methyl-D-Aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. However, there are not enough studies on their direct local analgesic effect .This study evaluates and compares the efficacy........

Key words: Postoperative sore throat (POST), Magnesium Sulfate nebulization, airway inflammation

[1]. Kamel AAF, Ibrahem Amin OA. The effect of preoperative nebulized magnesium sulfate versus lidocaine on the prevention of post-intubation sore throat. Egypt J Anaesth. 2020;36(1):1–6.
[2]. Rajan S, Malayil GJ, Varghese R, Kumar L. Comparison of usefulness of ketamine and magnesium sulfate nebulizations for attenuating postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice, and cough. Anesth Essays Res. 2017 Apr-Jun;11(2):287-93. doi:10.4103/0259-1162.181427. PMID: 28663608; PMCID: PMC5490122.[3].
Patel N, Dhuliya S, Shah D. Comparative evaluation of incidence of postoperative sore throat after nebulization with ketamine and magnesium sulfate in patients undergoing general anaesthesia requiring endotracheal intubtion. Indian J Clin Anaesth. 2022;9(2):227-32.
[4]. Ahuja V, Mitra S, Sarna R. Nebulized ketamine decreases incidence and severity of post-operative sore throat. Indian journal of anaesthesia. 2015 Jan;59(1):37.
[5]. Segaran S, Bacthavasalame AT, Venkatesh RR, Zachariah M, George SK, Kandasamy R. Comparison of nebulized ketamine with nebulized magnesium sulfate on the incidence of postoperative sore throat. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(4):885-90. doi:10.4103/aer.AER_148_18. PMID: 30662125; PMCID: PMC6319074.

Abstract: Background: Shivering, a common post anesthesia occurrence is defined as involuntary, repetitive activity of skeletal muscles.The incidence of shivering has been found to be quite high, approximately 40-50% . Various drugs are available for treating shivering like Tramadol, Pethidine, Dexmedetomidine. The need to find a better drug which has comparable efficacy to tramadol and at the same time has less of side effects. Aims and objectives:To compare the anti shivering effect of Dexmedetomedine with that of Tramadol after spinal anaesthesia........

Key words: Shivering, Dexmedetomidine, Tramadol.

[1]. Ramesh K, Bhushanam KN, Sharma BA, Kumar SS. A clinical comparative study between intravenous dexmedetomidine and tramadol for control of post spinal anesthesia shivering. J Dent Med Sci. 2019;18:26-31.
[2]. Sessler DI. Temperature regulation and monitoring. In: Millar RD, editor. 7th ed. Textbook of Anaesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc.; 2010. p. 1533-56
[3]. Micheal A Gropper ,Neal H,Lars I,Lee A, Kate L,Jeanine P editors .Millers anaesthesia 9th edition Elsevier .2020 .p.no. 674-675.
[4]. Mathews S, Al Mulla A, Varghese PK, Radim K, Mumtaz S. Postanaesthetic shivering – A new look at tramadol. Anaesthesia 2002;57:394‑8.
[5]. Mittal G, Gupta K, Katyal S, Kaushal S. Randomised double-blind comparative study of dexmedetomidine and tramadol for post-spinal anaesthesia shivering. Indian J Anaesth 2014;58:257-62

Abstract: Background: The period of tracheal extubation is associated with significant hemodynamic alterations such as hypertension, tachycardia, and increased intracranial and intraocular pressures, which can be hazardous, especially in high-risk patients. Attenuation of these responses is crucial for patient safety. Both lidocaine and fentanyl have been used to blunt these responses, but their comparative efficacy remains under investigation. Objective: To compare the effects of intravenous lidocaine and fentanyl on the attenuation of hemodynamic responses.........

Keywords: Ledocaine, Fentanyl , General anaesthesia

[1]. Asai TK, Koga K, Vaughan RS. Respiratory complications associated with tracheal intubation and extubation. Br J Anaesth 1998;80(6):767-75.
[2]. Yousefshahi F, Barkhordari K, Movafegh A, et al. A New Method for Extubation: Comparison between Conventional and New Methods. J Tehran Heart Cent 2012;7(3):121-7.
[3]. Tanaka A, Isono S, Ishikawa T, et al. Laryngeal reflex before and after placement of airway interventions: endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesiology 2005;102(1):20-5.
[4]. Henderson J. Airway Management in the Adult. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller's Anesthesia. 7th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2010: p. 1573-608.
[5]. Murat Alp Alkaya, Kemal Tolga Saraçoğlu, Gökhan Pehlivan, F.Y.G. Zeynep Eti, Effects of esmolol on the prev

Abstract: Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare, chronic granulomatous infection caused by Actinomyces species. Its clinical and radiological features often mimic lung malignancy, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Keywords: Pulmonary actinomycosis, lung nodules, Actinomyces, lung cancer mimicry.

[1]. Moniruddin A, Begum H, Nahar K. Actinomycosis: an update. Med Today. 2010;22(1):43–47.
[2]. Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, et al. Actinomycosis: Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Infect Drug Resist. 2014;7:183–97.
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[4]. Pulmonary actinomycosis during the first decade of the 21st century: cases of 94 patients.
[5]. Primary pulmonary actinomycosis: a retrospective analysis of 145 cases in mainland China..

Abstract: Proximal radioulnar synostosis is a rare congenital or post-traumatic condition characterized by an abnormal bony or fibrous fusion between the proximal radius and ulna. It commonly presents in early childhood but may remain undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood, especially in mild or unilateral cases. We report a rare case of unilateral.......

Keywords: Proximal radioulnar synostosis, congenital synostosis, forearm rotation, elbow deformity, surgical excision

[1]. Simmons BP, Southmayd WW, Riseborough EJ. Congenital radioulnar synostosis. J Hand Surg Am. 1983 Jan;8(1):829-38.
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[3]. Green WT, Mital MA. Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis: surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979 Mar;61(2):738-43.
[4]. Failla JM, Amadio PC, Morrey BF, Beckenbaugh RD. Proximal radioulnar synostosis: surgical treatment and results. J Hand Surg Am. 1989 Mar;14(2 Pt 1):368-77.
[5]. Kanaya F, Ibaraki K, Tsuyuguchi Y, Abe E, Sato K. Proximal radioulnar synostosis: operative treatment and results. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996 Jan-Feb;16(1):91-6..

Abstract: The UAE, a relatively small country in its inception in 1971, has since come a long way in terms of the growth of its population and the development of the health infrastructure. The burden of CKD ( chronic kidney disease) is increasing in the MENA region due to the high prevalence of Diabetes mellitus and other risk factors1,2. The UAE has a CKD stage 3-5 prevalence of 4-5%3,4 and the rate of renal replacement therapy yearly is projected at 12-15%, although a more recent review estimates it to be annually increasing at 6-7% 5. With CKD and the need for renal replacement...

[1]. Naser AY, Alwafi H, Alotaibi B, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus in the middle east: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Endocrinol. 2021;2021:1–9. doi:10.1155/2021/4572743
[2]. Farag YMK, Kari JA, Singh AK. Chronic kidney disease in the Arab world: a call for action. Nephron Clin Pract. 2012;121(3–4):c120–c123. doi:10.1159/000345149
[3]. AlSahow A, AlRukhaimi M, Al Wakeel J, et al. Demographics and key clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries enrolled in the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study Phase 5 (2012-2015). Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2016;27(6):S12–S23. doi:10.4103/1319-2442.194885
[4]. Almadani AK, Ahmed W, Al Obaidli AAK, Holt SG. Gender, age and nationality differences in chronic kidney disease prevalence in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE. Nephrology. 2024;29:288–296. doi:10.1111/nep.14285

Abstract: Background: Achieving optimal esthetics in fixed prosthodontics requires not only accurate material selection but also precise color matching. The color difference parameter (ΔE) plays a crucial role in objectively quantifying color variation between dental restorations under different conditions. Surface finishing techniques such as glazing, as well as the lighting environment during color evaluation, may significantly affect ΔE values.....

Key Word: ΔE, glazed restorations, lighting conditions, zirconia, color perception, spectrophotometry, esthetic dentistry

[1]. Paravina, R. D., Ghinea, R., & Pérez, M. M. (2019). Colour difference thresholds in dentistry. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 31(6), 511–520.
[2]. Joiner, A. (2004). Tooth colour: a review of the literature. Journal of Dentistry, 32(Suppl 1), 3–12.
[3]. Dagg, H., O’Connell, B., Claffey, N., Byrne, D., & Gorman, C. (2004). The influence of some different factors on the accuracy of shade selection. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 31(5), 483–488.
[4]. Johnston, W. M. (2009). Color measurement in dentistry. Journal of Dentistry, 37, e2–e6.
[5]. Heffernan, M. J., Aquilino, S. A., Diaz-Arnold, A. M., Haselton, D. R., Stanford, C. M., & Vargas, M. A. (2002). Relative translucency of six all-ceramic systems. Part I: Core materials. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 88(1), 4–9.

Abstract: Background and purpose Adolescent pregnancy is a critical public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with ramifications that transcend beyond maternal and child health to include severe mental health (MH) difficulties. Despite heightened focus on perinatal mental health worldwide, pregnant teenagers continue to be an inadequately researched demographic in Sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to gather current evidence about the kinds...

Keywords: psychological, Adolescent pregnancy, Depression, Mental health, Sub-Saharan Africa

[1]. Abebe, A. M., Fitie, G. W., Jember, D. A., Molla, A. A., & Abate, B. A. (2019). Prevalence and associated factors of depression among HIV-positive youth attending ART follow-up in Ethiopia. AIDS Research and Treatment, 2019.
[2]. Adewuya, A. O., Coker, O. A., Atilola, O., Ola, B. A., Zachariah, M. P., Adewumi, T., ... & Idris, O. (2018). Gender difference in the point prevalence, symptoms, comorbidity, and correlates of depression: findings from the Lagos State Mental Health Survey (LSMHS), Nigeria. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 21, 591-599.
[3]. Agyepong, I. A., Sewankambo, N., Binagwaho, A., Coll-Seck, A. M., Corrah, T., Ezeh, A., ... & Piot, P. (2017). The path to longer and healthier lives for all Africans by 2030: the Lancet Commission on the future of health in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet, 390(10114), 2803-2859.
[4]. Anderson, C. (2010). Impact of traumatic birth experience on Latina adolescent mothers. Issues in mental health nursing, 31(11), 700-707