IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov-2015

Abstract: In both developed and developing countries women have always been associated with small-scale and home-based businesses for supplementing the household income. However, in recent times, many women are consciously giving up jobs for becoming entrepreneurs in formal as well as informal sectors. It is expected that by the year 2018, 9.72 million small, business-related jobs will be created and female entrepreneurs will contribute more than 50% in this job creation.

[1]. McAdam M.female entrepreneurship united kingdom. The Routlodge 2013
[2]. Entrepreneurship at a glance 2012 organization for economic co-operation anddevelopment 2012 chapter 1 measuring women entrepreneurship.
[3]. Dzisi s. women entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana (phd thesis) Australia; Swinburne university of technology; 2008 march
[4]. MinnitiM.gender issues in entrepreneurship, U.S.A now publishers inc; 2009
[5]. Brush C, Bruin A, GatewoodE, Henry C, Editors women entrepreneurs and the global environment for growth a research perspective UK; Edward elgar publishing limited 2010
[6]. Hughes l, Jennings J.Editor global women's entrepreneurship research; diverse setting questions and approaches uk; Edward Elger publishing limited; 2012

Abstract: National Bank employed a sweepstake campaign in October 2013 to mobilize deposits, but the performance of the campaign has never been analyzed through a systematic approach. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between the sweepstake and growth in deposits in National Bank. Based on Attention-Interest-Desire-Action (AIDA) model, the study used non-experimental design and employed descriptive survey, of correlation in nature to specifically establish the effects of sweepstakes on growth of deposits in National Bank. The study targeted 259 employees of the bank in branches within Nairobi County, from which a sample size of 155 employees was selected. The indicators for deposits growth were business accounts, customer transactions, customer traffic and deposits volume, while the indicator for sweepstake was the Dabolisha campaign. Data was collected using a 5-level Likert scale and was analyzed using Multiple Regression analysis model.

[1]. P.M. Deshmukh, Promotion Mix Banking Services. International Indexed & Refered Research Journal, 4(36), 2012, 8-9.
[2]. F.O. Olokoyo, Determinants of Commercial Banks' Lending Behavior in Nigeria. International Journal of Financial Research, 2(2), 2011, 61-72.
[3]. M.R. Shollapur and Y.G. Baligatti, Funds Management in Banks: A Cost-Benefit Perspective. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 9(1), 2010, 21-30.
[4]. S. Venkatesan, An Empirical Approach to Deposit Mobilization of Commercial Banks in Tamilnadu. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 4(2), 2012, 41-45.
[5]. F. Sadeh, R.H. Birjandi and A. Miremandi, Survey on the Effectiveness of Promotional and Communication Strategies Adopted by Financial Services. African Journal of Business Management, 6(44), 2012,10925-10937.
[6]. O. Omotayo, Sales Promotion and Consumer Loyalty: A Study of Nigerian Telecommunication Industry. Journal of Competitiveness, 3(4), 2011, 66-77.

Abstract: This study is an evaluation of the Social, Economic, Psychological, Physical and Health effects of imprisonment on male and female inmates in Industrial Area Remand and Lang'ata Women's prisons in Kenya. It is anchored on the classical theory of punishment which explains crime as a rational behaviour that individuals enter into knowing that action is a choice between pleasure and pain. It is descriptive in nature and uses both probability and non-probability sampling procedures to select 34 male and 24 female respondents. It employs both qualitative (personal interviews) and quantitative (both open ended and closed questions) methods for data collection. Results show that the effects of imprisonment vary on age, gender, marital status, occupation, and parental status of the respondents and duration of confinement. Male inmates aged 51-60 years and female respondents aged 18-25 years are assaulted most.

[1]. Mushanga, T. M. (1976). Crime and Deviance: An introduction to Criminology. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau.
[2]. Muga, E., (1975). Crime and Delinquency in Kenya. Nairobi: East Africa Literature Bureau.
[3]. Johnson, R., (1996). Hard time: Understanding and reforming the prison. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
[4]. Ngando, R., (1978). Rehabilitation and the Penal System. LLM Thesis, University of Nairobi.
[5]. Haney, C., & Lynch, M. (1997). Regulating Prisons of the Future: The Psychological Consequences of Supermax and Solitary Confinement. New York: New York University Press.
[6]. Haralambos, M. & Holborn, M., (1995). Sociology: theme and perspectives. London: Collins Educational.
[7]. Kling, Jeffrey R., (1999). The Effects of Prison Sentence Length on the Subsequent Employment and Earnings of Criminal Defendants. Discussion paper in Economics No. 208, Woodrow Wilson School. New Jersey: Princeton University.

Abstract: Perceptionofcorruption in Sloveniasince 2000, more than not fell, year-on-year, the index of perception of corruption grew or was in thepreviousyearonlyslightlyreduced (but was strong growth between 2003 and 2008). After 2008, therewas a breakandindexbegan to fallsharply. Corruptioncertainlywas not significantly more than in previousyears, andsomethingelsehad to leadthatchange. Therefore, thepaperexaminedwhichhaveimportanteconomicindicatorswhich influence thechanges in perception (perception) ofcorruption (increase or decrease) in Slovenia, andhowchanges in individualeconomicindicatorsaffecttheperceptionofCorruption. As independent variables were chosenun employment rate, purchasing power and the change in GDP and in the paper, studying their impact on the index of perception of corruption as the dependent variable. Keywords: Coruption, Slovenia, perceptionofCorruption, causesofCorruption, standard.

[1]. Badun, M. (2009). Odnos političke korupcije i javnih investicija – slučaj Hrvatske. , Zagreb: Institut za javne financije.
[2]. Blažek, S. (2011). Korupcija in gospodarska rast. Zbornik 8. Festivala raziskovanja ekonomije in managmenta, Koper.
[3]. DieWelt. (2013). Euro-Krise-bremst-europaweit-die-Korruption. Dosegljivo 2.junija 2015 na http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article115079570/
[4]. Dimc, M.. 2007. Korupcija in neformalne mreže v Sloveniji. Magistrsko delo. Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede.
[5]. Dobovšek, B., Minič, D. (2005). Korupcija, lobiranje in neformalne mreže. Korupcija in politika, Ljubljana: RS,MNZ,Policija,Generalna policijska uprava.

Abstract: We all know that with the help of valid cognition we can solve many problems which we face in our day to day life. In the total period of our life we achieve knowledge of many things. But generally we do not want to know the problems, like: What is knowledge? In which way we can achieve knowledge? etc. We also come to know that some of our cognitions are true and some are false. But most of the people do not know the criterion of truth or falsity of knowledge. From ancient times all the systems of Indian Philosophy had explained these problems in their epistemology. In the present paper, I shall explain the above problems from the standpoint of Nyaya philosophy. We know that the Indian philosophers have given diversity of opinions in answering the above problems. But I think that the opinions of Naiyayikas are more appropriate in respect of the above cases than the others. I shall also explain here whether the opinions of Naiyayikas are acceptable even today, or not.

[1]. Annambhatta : Tarkasamgraha .
[2]. Bhattacharya ,G.1976,Tarkasamgraha-Dipika on Tarkasamgraha ,Progressive Publishers,Calcutta-73.
[3]. Chatterjee, S and Datta, D. 1984, An Introduction to Indian Philosophy ,Published by Superintendent ,Calcutta University Press.
[4]. Gangesa: Tattvacintamoni
[5]. Goutama : Nyayasutra
[6]. Hiriyanna,M.1932, Outlines of Indian Philosophy ,Published by George Allen &Unwin Ltd. London .s

Abstract: Nigeria since independence in 1960 has grappled with the problem of consolidating her hard earned democracy. From the post colonial period, elections conducted in the country have been consistently marred by irregularities and unprecedented electoral violence which had undermined our democratic experiments and in extreme cases threatened the corporate existence of the country. This study is therefore an attempt to evaluate the impact of political violence on the survival of Nigerian democratic experience. It equally examines the predisposing factors that fuel electoral violence before, during and after elections in the country.

[1]. Abbass, I. M. (2008). Electoral Violence in Nigeria and the Problem of Democratic Politics. Being a Paper Presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Political Science Association on Electoral Reform, Political Succession and Democratization in Africa, held at Benue State University, Makurdi from 16-19 November, 2008.
[2]. Adebayo, P. F. and Omotola, J. S. (2007). Public Perceptions of the 2007 Nigerian General Elections, Journal of African Elections 6(2).
[3]. Akhaine, S. (2011). Violence Up North, The Guardian (Lagos).
[4]. Akpan-Nsoh, I. (2011). Political Violence Death in the Land of Promise, The Guardian (Lagos).
[5]. Anifowose, R. (1982). Violence and Politics in Nigeria: The Tiv and Yoruba Experience. Enugu: Nok Publishers.
[6]. Audu, D. (2010). Facts and Figures of Earnings of Public Office Holders, The Liberations.

Abstract: This paper describes the acoustic features of Arabic utterances in terms of duration in three main modes of speech function: declarative, interrogative, and imperative modes. In this study, the duration of the speakers' utterances are distinguished regarding their acoustic quality. In conducting this research, the method was the experimental method which was used to measure the duration with regard to the acoustic feature. In this experiment, this study employed the computer program 'Praat' to measure the acoustic duration of Arabic utterances.

[1] Lehiste, Ilse, Suprasegmentals (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1970).

[2] van Heuven, Vincent J. and Ellen van Zanten. 1994. Effects of Substate Language on the Localization and Perceptual Evaluation of Pitch Movement in Indonesian, in O. Cecilia and W. Stokhof (eds.), 1997:63—80.

[3] Bahjat. ث ر ال صوائ ت ف ي دلال ة ال ب ني ال صرف ية ف ي ال ل غة ال عرب ية doctorsl diss., Faculty of Letters, Ti‟rīn University, 2010.

[4] Zalaqi, Bunyi Konsonan Bahasa Arab Fusha, Master thesis, 2009.

[5] Syarfina, Ciri Akustik sebagai Pemarkah Sosial Penutur Bahasa Melayu Deli, doctoral diss., Postgraduate Linguistic Study Program, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, 2008.

[6] Ebing, Ewald, Form and Function of Pitch Movements in Indonesian. doctoral diss., Research School CNWS, Leiden, 1997.

Abstract: Add to this visual stream the smoothness of music — provincial and smooth — and Jhumura turns into a trip for the faculties. You rise and fall with the slopes and streams, the sunrises and nightfalls, of Purulia, and feel your heart takeoff or sink with the profound jhumur tunes. Also, the craftsmanship's skirmish structure with advanced amusement choices throughout the decades has been depicted with clarity.

[1]. Jhumura (2015). Directed by Anindya Chatterjee (Film). India: Ultimax Pictures

Abstract: We can uncover traces of human beings on earth but we still have no direct evidence of the presence of speech or the spoken form of language in the social system of our distant ancestors. Due to the absence of any physical evidence, there are several assumptions about the origin of language. In many religions, the sacred source is considered as the main source for giving language to the humans. One view of the origin of language is showing a close relation between the language and the natural sounds. According to certain suggestions, physical gestures are the primary sources for the production of speech.

[1]. Charles D. (1871): The Descent of Man. Web-site: http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/charles_darwin/
[2]. Grzimek, H.C.B. (1974): Grzimek's Animal life Encyclopedia. Van Noutr and Reinhold Company. Pg. 488.
[3]. Herder, J.G. (1772): Treatise on the Origin of Language. Ed. and Trans. M.N. Forster in Philosophical writings, 2002. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4]. Nelson, K. (1996): Language in Cognitive Development: The emergence of the mediated mind. Cambridge University Press.
[5]. Stam, J.H. (1976): Inquiries into the Origin of Language: The fate of a question. New York: Harper & Row.
[6]. Yule, G. (1985): The study of language: An introduction. London, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: Attaining economic development or economic growth is one of the major challenges developing countries facing. Additionally, closely tied to the challenge of attaining economic growth is to ensure equitable distribution of benefits among its citizens. But this does not happen and the benefit of development is not evenly distributed in all the regions. Some regions are relatively poor creating a scenario of regional imbalance. The disparity is observed in Northern Bangladesh and so is our concern.

[1]. Banglapedia. (2012): National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh.
[2]. Deb, U. Z., Hoque, N., Khaled and S.K. Bairagi. (2008): "Growth, Income Inequality and Poverty Trends in Bangladesh: Implications for Development Strategy", paper presented at the Dialogue on "Addressing Regional Inequalities: Policy Options and Strategies" organized by CPD.
[3]. General Economics Division (GED). (2008): Strategy for Poverty Reduction in the Lagging Regions of Bangladesh. General Economics Division of the Planning Commission of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
[4]. Myrdal, G. (1956): Ekonomisk teori och underutvecklade regioner. Tiden-Barnangen tryckeri AB. Stockholm.

Abstract: The significance of entrepreneurship to a country's economic development cannot be overlooked. Worldwide, economic miracles that some countries produced resulted from the thrust on small business enterprises. As we continue to search for sustainable economic growth solutions, entrepreneurship cannot be sidelined in Zimbabwe where, for the past decade, our economy has plummeted. This study contends that the colonial economic legacy has had a strong negative effect on the growth and future of entrepreneurship. Itfocuses on some key colonial legislation that fostered a job-seeking culture among Africans.

[1]. Asare, A. O. (2014). Challenges affecting SMEs' growth in Ghana. International Journal of sustainable development, 7(6), 23-28.
[2]. Bold, M. (2012). Polular economies in South Africa. Special Issue, 82, 111-130.
[3]. Chidoko, C., Makuyana, G., Matungamire, P., & Bemani, J. (2011). Impact of the informal sector on the current Zimbabwean economic environment. International Journal of Economic Research, 2(6), 26-28.
[4]. Cornwell, R. H., P. Napier,C. Mtimkulu,P.O'Malley,K. and Welsh,D. (1993). African Politics: Only Study Guide for APL100-K. Pretoria: University of South Africa.
[5]. Dumbu, E. (2014). Promoting entrepreneurship through Open and Distance Education in Zimbabwe. A case of the Zimbabwe Open University students at Masvingo Regional Campus. International Journal of Business, Economics and Management., 1(6), 101-113.
[6]. The Herald. (23 July 2015). Zimpapers.

Abstract: Although the word "federalism" is sandwiched in comparative politics, the paradigmatic conceptual analysis of the term boarder on different perspectives and particularly centers on its philosophical underpins in terms of appropriate terminology and classification. Attempts to study federalism constitute a part of comparative politics or political institutions since federalism is not only cross-national but a cross-cultural research. While the study of federalism has in many respects reached an advanced stage today, there nevertheless remains a troubling absence of agreement as to the precise meaning of the concept.

1]. Albert Breton,(2006), "Modeling Vertical Competition," in, ed. Ehtisham Ahmad and Giorgio Brosio,(eds),Handbook of Fiscal Federalism,Cheltenham, Edward Elgar,UK.
[2]. Anderson George, (2008), Federalism: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[3]. Anwar Shah,(2006), "Fiscal Decentralization and Macroeconomic Management," International Tax and Public Finance,Vol,13,No, 4, 437–62.
[4]. Bache, Ian and Matthew Flinders (2004a) "Themes and Issues in Multi-level Governance." in Bache, Ian and Matthew Flinders, (eds),Multi-Level Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[5]. Bagchi, Amaresh,(1988),"First Award of the Ninth Finance Commission – An Appraisal", Economic and Political Weekly, December 3.

Abstract: This study presented and described the history of famous dressmakers in Imus, Rosario and Cavite City in the province of Cavite, Philippines from 1946-2000. This qualitative research utilized a historical method in tracing the evolution of fashion in the places mentioned. The researcher interviewed people who are knowledgeable about the topic using purposive sampling based on a set standard. The results revealed the following: 1. There were more men than women who became dressmakers. 2. Among the seven dressmakers, three had formal education on fashion. 3. Each has his own talent and skill which made them famous as creative artists. The study proposes the following: first, give importance to being a dressmaker as an occupation. Second, the establishment of fashion schools in Cavite to prepare those who desire to venture into the fashion world. Third, the re-organization of an association of Cavite dressmakers to help in the development of the fashion industry in Cavite. Keywords: history of fashion, history of fashion designers, culture of fashion, material culture, semiotics

[1]. L. Watson, Vogue Fashion (New York: Firefly Books, 2008). (7)

[2]. S. Gershman, Best Dressed (New York: Clarkson Potter, 1999). (26)

[3]. Y. Kawamura, Doing Research in Fashion and Dress (New York: Berg, 2011). (8)

[4]. J. Grabski, Making Fashion in the City: A Case of Tailors and Designers in Dakar, Senegal, Fashion Theory, 13(2), 2009, 215-242.

[5]. D. Bartlett, Moscow on the fashion map: between periphery and centre, Stud East Eur Thought. 63, 2011, 111-121.

[6]. Y. Kawamura, The Japanese Revolution in Paris Fashion, Fashion Theory, 8(2), 2004, 195-224.

Abstract: Asian elephant is categorised as "endangered‟ in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species of March 2015 and listed in Appendix I of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) since July 1, 1975. In Malaysia, International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008 (Act 686), hereinafter as "INTESA" is being enforced to regulate wildlife trade as required by CITES. Nevertheless, occurrences of illegal ivory trade and transit across Malaysia still happen even after the implementation of INTESA. Thus, the study is to determine the obligations of CITES in relation to Asian elephant conservation and to what extent INTESA addresses the obligations through inductive and deductive thematic content analysis method.

[1] T.S. Jewa, Public international law: a Malaysian perspective ( Kuala Lumpur: Pacifica Publication, 1996).
[2] C. De Klemm, Guidelines for legislation to implement CITES. 1993, retrieved from https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/EPLP-026.pdf
[3] R.J. Van Aarde, and S.M. Ferreira, Elephant populations and CITES trade resolutions, Environmental Conservation, 36(1), 2009, 8–10. doi:10.1017/S0376892909005438
[4] A. Mathur, CITES and Livelihood: Converting Words Into Action, The Journal of Environment & Development, 18(3), 2009, 291–305. doi:10.1177/1070496509337788
[5] W. Wijnstekers, The evolution of CITES - 9th edition, International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation, 2011, retrieved from http://www.cites.org/common/resources/Evolution_of_CITES_9.pdf

Abstract: The leadership one of the important topic of today's world. Today's world leadership topic has attracted the highest attention not only writers but also general people. Leadership was once upon a time associated with the exercise of authority over others in order to get the jobs or tasks completed. A leader therefore was considered to be a person who was strong, forceful, tough or in charge. He only had to order things around and expect compliance from others because, he possessed the authority to reward or punish your behaviour. Perhaps that is how leadership started in good olden days when people who came to the industry were not much educated.

[1]. Pfiffner and Sherwood, "Administrative Organisation" pp.355-56.
[2]. Hudson,Seckler, "Organization and Management," pp.37-38.
[3]. Millet, "Management in the Public Service," pp.33.
[4]. Pfiffner,"Administrative Organisation,"pp.365.
[5]. Good Administration, Lecture delivered at I.I.P.A. on april 14, 1961.

Abstract: Rawls' idea of the 'veil of ignorance' and his assumption about rational and equal contractors present strong advantages from the moral point of view as conditions for the derivation of principles of justice. It is an attempt, as we now know, to imagine a situation in which our views on justice are not clouded by our actual real interests determined by our place in a distribution. In Rawls' words: 'The veil of ignorance prevents us from shaping our moral, view to according with our own particular attachments and interests'. But it is one thing to apply the test of the 'veil of ignorance' to particu1ar individual persons to detect their views on justice; and quite another to claim, as Rawls does, that in a society the adoption of this perspective by all would lead to unanimous agreement about the principles of justice......

[1]. Gutmann, A: Liberal Equality, Cambridge University Press, 1980.
[2]. Macpherson, C.B.: The Political Theory or Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1962.
[3]. Miller, David: Social Justice", Oxford University Press 1976.
[4]. Rawls, John: A Theory of Justice", Oxford University Press, 1972.

Abstract: As we know that in today's scenario, unemployment is a basic and attentive problem of youth. Unemployment affects not only the economical and mental health but also the social health. Here we frame the coping strategies and their possible outcomes. As in the unemployment research, coping is frequently confounded with outcome, implying that certain strategies are better than others, and that coping is more or less a problem-solving strategy. Emphasizing coping as merely problem solving devalues, however, its other functions that concern well-being. In unemployment research, the activities of the young can be understood through a broader conceptualisation of the ways in which they attempt to master societal conditions through individual action. This article focuses on the study of different coping patterns among unemployed youth and the relationship between different individual coping strategies, resources and constraints and mental well-being.

[1]. ALLAT, P. (1997) Conceptualising youth: transitions, risk and the public and the private, in: J. BYNNER, L. CHISHOLM & A. FURLONG (Eds) Youth, Citizenship and Social Change in a European Context(Aldershot, Ashgate).
[2]. ASHTON, D.N., MAGUIRE, M.J. & GARLAND, V. (1982) Youth in the Labour Market (London, Department of Employment).
[3]. ASHTON, D.N., MAGUIRE, M.J., BOWDEN, D., DELLOW, P., KENNEDY, S., STANLEY, G., WOODHEAD, G. &JENNINGS, B. (1986) Young Adults in the Labour Market (London, Department of Employment).
[4]. COFFIELD, F. (1987). From the celebration to the marginalization of youth, in: G. COHEN (Ed.). Social Change and the Life Course (London, Tavistock).
[5]. COYNE, J. & DOWNEY, G. (1991) Social factors and psychopathology: stress, social support and coping process, Annual Review of Psychology, 42, pp. 401–425..