IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov-2015

Abstract: This paper aims to describe crime & analyze the biological reasons behind commission of crime. Preference is given to describe various defective organs of human body & some hereditary defectiveness which are liable for the commission of offences. The paper, furthermore, describe about remarkable theories on the topic. Its principal object is to establish a concept that biological abnormalities in human body also play contributory role along with psychological & environmental factors in the commission of crime.

Keywords: Crime, Causation, theories, Biological factors, Psychology, Motive etc.

[1]. Adrian Raine (1993).The Psychology of Crime, Inc. San Diego: Academic Press
[2]. Barnes, H.E. & Teeters (1966). New Horizons in Criminology, New Delhi:Prentice Hall of India.
[3]. Barry Hutchings and Sarnoff A. Mednick(1977). Criminality in Adoptees and Their Adoptive and Biological Parents: A Pilot Study, New York: Gardner Press.
[4]. Goswami, B.K (1983). A Critical Study of Criminology & penology, Allahabad: Allahabad Law Agency.
[5]. Gregory Carey Cf. (1992). Twin Imitation for Antisocial Behavior: Implications for Genetic Environment Rearch, University of Colorado: Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

Abstract: For diversification in agriculture one of the areas that have emerged as a fast growing sector recently in West Bengal is Floriculture. Bagnan I & II blocks of Howrah district have got importance for their Floriculture practice from the past. This floriculture practice has played a dominant role to develop the socio-economic condition of this region (Bagnan). This paper mainly deals with their present status of floriculture practice which is somewhat changeable and some socio-economic & natural situation which lead to some obstacles. Various statistical and cartographic techniques have been used for analysis this changeable and problematic situation.

[1]. Roychowdhury, N.(2000): "A Survey on Present Status of Floriculture in West Bengal", Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal.
[2]. Sarkar D. Rahim, K.M. and Misra,S(1997): "Floriculture in West Bengal: Problems and Potentials" New Academic Publishers, Delhi-110092 (India).
[3]. Debnarayan Sarkar & Sanjukta Chakravorty (2005):"Flower Farming and Flower Marketing in West Bengal: A Study of Efficiency and Sustainability" MPRA Paper No. 33776.
[4]. Ananya Sahu, Soumendu Chatterjee and Asish Kr Paul, " Growth of Floriculture and its role in Promoting Socio-economic Status of Floriculturist of Panskure and Kolaghat Blocks, Purba Medinipur" Indian Journal of Geography & Environment 12 (2011) 01-08.

Abstract: Proper employment relation is a condition precedent to create conducive environment for developing smooth industrial economy. However, maintenance of congenial relation between employers and workers is always very challenging because it is inherently in the nature of conflict of interest. Moreover, the challenge is becoming more acute in modern complex industrial economy where direct relation between employers and workers is not feasible owing to involvement of vast number of workers in an industry. Thus, trade unionism emerged to address the issue and the legal framework for regulating trade unionism developed by the state as a neutral actor between employers and workers.

1 Annual Report of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, 2012-13, p. 21

2 Punekar, S.D., Trade Unionism in India, Bombay, New Book, 1948, pp. 45-52

3 Jathar, G.B. and Beri, K.G., Indian Economics, Vol. 1 (9th edition), pp. 155, 401-03

4 D‟Costa, Ronald, The Role of Trade Union in Developing Countries, Belgium, (Nivellies) Havsux University Catholique De Louvain), 1953 Series 172, p. 85

5 Mathur, A.B. Mathur, J.S., Trade Union Movement in India, Allahabad, Chaitanya, 1957, p. 16

Abstract: Academic performance among students is influenced by numerous factors. Yet, excelling in academics is important in ensuring that students not only pass exams but also lead rewarding lives. What influence does socio-economic status play in academic performance? The present study therefore, sought to determine the influence of parents' socio-economic status on students' academic performance in public secondary schools. The study utilized one hundred and fifty (150) respondents drawn from sixteen secondary schools in Keumbu Division.

[1]. American Psychological Association, (2001). Task Force on Socio economic Status. Report of the APA Task Force on Socioeconomic Status. Washington, DC
[2]. Amutabi, M.N. (2003). The 8-4-4 system of education. International Journal of Educational Development 23(2003) P.P.127-144
[3]. Borg, M. P. Gall, M. (2001). Educational Research: An Introduction 5th Edition; New York: Longman.California School Boards Association (CSBA). (2006, November). Governance and policy services: Policy briefs. West Sacramento, CA: Author.
[4]. Emmon, M.K. (2005). Socio-demographic school neighborhood and parenting influences on Academic achievement of Latino Young Adolescents. Journal of Youth and adolescence.
[5]. Floods, J. & Anders, P.L. (2005). Literacy Development of students in urban Schools. Research and Policy NJ: International Reading association
[6]. Hassan, J.E. (2009). Parent‟s socio-economic status and children‟s academic Performance. Munthesgt, Oslo: Norske Kuinners Sanitetsforening.

Abstract: The successful of Mathematics' learning is influenced by many factors such as learning's model, learning's strategy, learning's media which commonly used by teacher. Brain Gym is a movement which can do in order to help students' equalize their left brain and right brain. This research was aimed at examining integrated brain gym in pair checks toward students' achievement of Mathematics in Islamic High School Kulliyatul Muballighien Muhammadiyah Padang Panjang. The test was used as intrument and the findings revealed that the students' achievement of Mathematics were better 78,50% passed by applying integrated brain gym in pair checks.

Keyword: Mathematics Learning, Brain Gym, Cooperative Learning Model, Pair Check Type.

[1]. Arikunto, Suharmini. (2006). Research Procedure. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
[2]. Dennison, PE. (2008). Brain Gym Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo.
[3]. Donovan, Robert & Teplitz, Jerry V. (2001) The impact of Brain Gym processes on sales of insurance. Journal as part of "A Revolution in Training: Bottom Line Results of the Switched On Selling Seminar," Volume XV, Nos. 1 and 2, 2001

Abstract: Managerial approach can be used to measure the work of public organization in order to understand the extent to which the quality of service provided by the organization will meet the demand of community as the customer of the service. Based on the statement above, the objective of research is not only to recognize the quality of the supporting factors but also to acknowledge the constraining factors and the strategies of service quality improvement in arranging official document service. The location of research is Civil Registration Office of Tulungagung Regency. Method of research is qualitative approach. Data are collected using interview and observation techniques. The source of data is the bivalence (two) of issues at Civil Registration Office of Tulungagung Regency, and both issues are the procedure of official document administration and the community who applies for official document.

1]. The Decree of State Minister of National Apparatus Utilization No.81/1993.
[2]. The Decree of President No. 12/1983 about The Arrangement and Improvement of Civil Registration Extension and Implementation
[3]. The Decree of Minister of Internal Affair No. 131/1997 about Civil Registration Implementation based on The Framework of Information System of Demographic Management.
[4]. The Decree of Minister of Internal Affair No. 132/1997 about The Management of Document Register Blanks and Civil Registration Document Quote.
[5]. The Decree of the Minister of Internal Affair No. 117/1992 about Civil Registration Service Cost.

Abstract: This paper presents analysis of various challenges faced by Indian Prisons system. Paper contributes towards finding the challenges which are obstacle for smooth functioning of Indian prison system. The Paper concludes with solutions to these challenges which the department faces in the proper adjudication of the routine duties in cooperative effort of criminal justice administration in India, with a contribution toward smooth functioning of Indian prisons system. In this paper the challenges faced at the dispersal of duties by the Prisons department with the three other important wings of criminal justice administration that is Police, Judiciary and Prosecution are systematically analyzed and some suitable remedies eliminating these challenges and improving the inter departmental cooperation for the better criminal justice administration in India.

[1]. Raman Nanda, 1981, "Prisons in India: An investigation", PUCL bulletin, Delhi.
[2]. Hitesh Bhatt and Arpita Rawat, 2014, "Prison Reforms in India", International Journal of research and analysis, vol.1, no.3.
[3]. Kamayani Bali-Mahabal, 2009 "Prison condition in India", Amnesty report on Bombay police.
[4]. Suresh Bada Math, Pratima Murthy, Rajani Parthasarthy, C Naveen Kumar, S Madhusudhan, 2011, "Mental Health and Substance Use Problems in Prisons", Local Lessons for National Action. Publication, National Institute of Mental Health Neuro Sciences, Bangalore.
[5]. RPS Teji, Additional District & Sessions Judge, "The Prison, Object And Reforms", article.
[6]. "The Under Trial Prisoners in overcrowded Indian Prisons", United Human Rights Federation.

Abstract: Monetary policy has been under public scrutiny and has resulted to changes in its conduct and design in the past few decades. Nigeria has adopted different monetary policy regimes ranging from exchange rate targeting, direct monetary controls to monetary targeting. The overall objectives of monetary policy have been the maintenance of macroeconomic stability and non-inflationary growth. Inflation targeting (IT) has recently become the dominant monetary policy prescription for both the developing and the industrialized countries alike. Emerging market governments, in particular, are increasingly pressured to follow IT as part of their IMF-led stabilization packages and the routine rating procedures of the international finance institutions. Thus Nigeria navigated towards adoption of IT monetary policy framework.

[1]. Barbosa-Filho, N. H. (2008). ―Inflation targeting in Brazil: 1999-2006.‖ International Review of Applied Economics 22(2): 187-200.
[2]. Bernanke, B S., Laubach, T., Mishkin, F S. and Posen, A S. (1999) ‗'Inflation Targeting: Lessons from the International Experience. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
[3]. Cardero, J. A. (2008). ―Economic growth under alternative monetary regimes: Inflation targeting vs. real exchange rate targeting.‖ International Review of Applied Economics 22(2): 145-60.
[4]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (2011). ‗'Inflation targeting as a Monetary Policy Framework''. CBN. Abuja. Available at http://www.cenbank.org/out
[5]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (2007): The Dynamics of Inflation in Nigeria (Research and Statistic), CBN Abuja.
[6]. Central Bank of Chile (2006). ‗' Under What Conditions can Inflation Targeting be Adopted? The Experience of Emerging Markets''. Working Papers. No.406

Abstract: To explore the availability, accessibility for maternal and child health care services among Muslims. Design: questionnaire survey one way ANOVA test has been applied to test the hypothesis. Setting: Health services in Malegaon Participants: sample of Momin (250), and Khandeshi (249) women. Intervention: 3 years action research to see the reality. Main outcome measures: The study shows that availability of health care services, both public and private is not proportionate with the population. Result: Age at marriage among women is less than 18 years.

[1]. Obermeyer, C.M. & Potter, J.E. (1991). Maternal health care utilization patterns in Jordan: a study of patterns and determinants. Studies in Family Planning, 22 (3): 177–187.
[2]. Elo, I.T. (1992). Utilization of maternal health-care services in Peru: the role of women's education. Health Transition Review 2(1), 49-69.
[3]. Becker, S., David, H.P., Ronald, H.G., Connie, G., & Robert, E.B. (1993): The determinants of use of maternal and child health services in Metro Cebu, the Philippines. Health Transition Review 3(1), 77-89.
[4]. Goldman, Noreen and Anne R. Pebley. (1994). Health cards, maternal reports, and the measurement of immunization coverage: the example of Guatemala. Social Science and Medicine. Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 1075-1089,
[5]. Jagdish C. Bhatia and John Cleland (1995), "Determinants of maternal care in a region of South India" Health Transition Review 5, 1995, pp. 127 – 142.

Abstract: Agriculture being the backbone of State economy and important contributor to SGDP is losing its status as it is subject to different constraints. This paper attempts to explain the present agriculture scenario of Jammu and Kashmir and cropping pattern with its future prospects. The current situation is not satisfactory in terms of food grins as the area under these crops have shown the disturbing trends and the farmers are losing their interest in farming sector because it has become less remunerative as a result the existing population is not able to cover the gap between deficit and requirement which has already gone to 81%. The scope of further increase in the area under these crops is less as they are not found of profitability. For ensuring inclusive growth still agriculture needs to get priority in order to make adequate dent to poverty reduction and providing food security to the people.

Keywords: Cropping pattern,Requirement, Deficit, Food grains, Jammu and Kashmir.

[1]. Sharma R.A. (2007), Fundamentals of Educational Research and Statistics, institute of advance studies Meerut University (Meerut U.P): Loyal book depot 458pp.
[2]. Directorate of Economics and Statistics government of Jammu and Kashmir, Economic Survey 2012-13, Economic Survey 2014-15.
[3]. MacDonald Stuart & Headlam Nicola. (1986), CLES Research Methods Handbook Introductory guide to research methods for social research.
[4]. Bhat Maqbool (2013), "Agricultural land uses Pattern in Pulwama District of Kashmir valley, International journal of Economics business and Finance. Vol 1 issue 5, page No. 80 – 93.
[5]. Datt Gaurav & Mahajan. (2012), Indian Economy: S. Chand & Company LTD. Ram Nagar New Delhi 4th Edition. pp 531.
[6]. Digest of Statistics (2010-11), Directorate of Economics and statistics Government of Jammu and Kashmir.

Abstract: Leadership style is a corporate task of the top management whose decisions determines the extent of achieving styles favorable, there is satisfaction in work, which employees tend to seek, and if they are not favorable, employees will be dissatisfied (Wright et al., 2012) This study thus aims to investigate the relationship between the leadership styles of Managers and employees job performance in a selected bank in Nigeria(Transformational leadership, Transactional leadership and laissez-faire)and employee's job performance in a banking sector in Nigeria.

[1]. Albion, M.J., &Gagliardi, R. E. (2007). A study of transformational leadershiporganizational change and job satisfaction. In Proceedings of the 7th Industrial &OrganizationalPsychology Conference and 1st Asia Pacific Congress on Work and OrganizationalPsychology: Better Work. BetterOrganizations. Better World (pp. 1-5). Australian Psychological Society
[2]. Amerioun, A., &Mahmoudi, N. (2011). Hospital manager's leadership style from staffs
[3]. Viewpoint and its relationship with hospital indicators. MilMed Journal, 13(3), 125–132. [4]. Armstrong M, Baron A (1998). Performance Management, The new Realities, Inst. Personnel Dev., London. [5]. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995).Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.

Abstract: The study attempts to examine the problems of writing skill in EFL (English as Foreign Language) context with reference to Iranian students of Aligarh Muslim University (A.M.U.) and also identify the practical needs of it. In Iran where English is treated as foreign language, it seems difficult for the learners. In this EFL context, as there is no use of English language in real-life situation the learner are facing plenty of problems while writing. To meet the objectives of this study a questionnaire is provided to the Iranian learners of A.M.U. to find out the difficulties and practical needs of the learners.

Keywords: EFL context, Iranian students, Problems and Practical needs, Writing skill.

[1] N. Akkaya and F. S. Kirmiz, Relationship between Attitudes to Reading and Time Allotted to Writing in Primary Education, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 4742-4746, 2010. Cited in R. Gholaminejad, A. Moinzadeh, M. Youhanaee, H. Ghobadirad, Writing Attitudes of Iranian EFL Students: A Qualitative Study, Journal of Language Teaching and Research 4(5), 2013, 1138.

[2] J. H. Jahin and M. W. Idrees, EFL Major Student Teachers' Writing Proficiency and Attitudes Towards Learning English, Journal of Taibah University 4 (1), 2012.

[3] S. Graham, K. R. Harris and L. Mason, Improving the Writing Performance, Knowledge, and Self-efficacy of Struggling Young Writers: The Effects of Self-regulated Strategy Development, Contemporary Educational Psychology 30 (2), 2005.
[4] A. Azizifar, M. Koosha, and A. R. Lotfi, An Analytical Evaluation of Iranian High School ELT Textbooks from 1970 to the Present, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 3, 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.010.

Abstract: Economic development performed until today still relies on capilast economic system. Therefore, the economic development must be able to be shifted to the system that relies on local strength and potentials. This research is a review that emphasizes on economic development, especially creative economy. Creative economy development based on the local potentials and surpluses through the Dalihan Na Tolu concept of Batak (Toba) which is one of the manifestations of local wisdoms in South Sumatera. With Dalihan Na Tolu concept, it is expecte that society involvement in economic development makes innovation and the creativity of the society can be a planned and structured movement.

[1]. Lumbantoruan ES. (1992) Pola dan Fungsi Kekerabatan Masyarakat Batak Toba, Sebuah Studi Deskripsi pada Perkumpulan Marga Napitupulu, Boru dan Bere di Kotamadya Surabaya Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. http://habatakon01.blogspot.co.id/2013/08/filsafah-orang-batak-toba-dalam-dalihan.html?utm_source=BP_recent
[2]. Siregar, Kondar, (2104). Eksistensi Masyarakat Adat Dalihan Na Tolu Dalam Pencegahan Tindak Prostitusi Kultura Volume : 15 No. 1, Desember 2014 ISSN: 1411 – 0229, (p. 4587)
[3]. Thorsby, David. (2001). Economics and Culture, Published by The Syindicate of University Press, Australia, ISBN 0 521 58639 9, (p.71-133)
[4]. Hamilton L. et.al. (2009). BuildingThe Creative Economy in Nova Scotia. The Research Committee of The Nova Scotia Cultural Action Network. www.NovaScotiaCAN.ca, (p. 27-12)
[5]. Thorsby, David. (2001). Economics and Culture, Published by The Syindicate of University Press, Australia, ISBN 0 521 58639 9, (p.71-133)

Abstract: It is perceived that organizations recognize the importance of Talent Management and its benefit to the employees. However organizations are also faced with perceptual barriers from Employees, it is felt that identification of talent from an existing workforce creates unhealthy competition and differentiates within the organization. The segregation of employees leads to demoralization of employees and further reduces the level of motivation to perform. In the role of business Partner, HR leaders work closely with senior management to attract, hire, develop and retain talent.

[1]. Aston, C., and Morton, L. (2005). Managing talent for competitive advantage. Strategic HR Review,4(5),28-31.
[2]. Bhatnagar, J. (2004). New dimensions of strategic HRM: HRIS managed talent management and application of HR Six Sigma ch-3, pp 34-39.
[3]. Boudreau, J.W., & Ramstad, P. M. (2005). Talentship and the new paradigm for human resource management: From professional practice to strategic talent decision science. Human Resource Planning,28(2),17-26.
[4]. Buckingham, M., & Vosburgh, R. M. (2001). The 21st century human resources function:
[5]. It‗s the talent, stupid! Human Resource Planning, 24(4), 17-23.
[6]. Byham, W. C. (2001). Are leaders born or made? Workspan,44(12), 56-60.
[7]. Chambers, E.G., Foulton, M., Handfield-Jones, H., Hankin,S.M. & Michaels, E.G. (1998).The war for talent. The McKinsey Quarterly.3,44-57

Abstract: It is my contention that colonial racism was at its most dangerous not merely in the stigma attached to skin pigmentation but in its calculated plan to exclude other races, to destroy cultures that are considered potentially dangerous to colonial interests. Colonial racism translated itself into tribalism which not only introduced a new hierarchy but also became for the Africans a way by which ascend to power. The paper argues that while colonial political logic was deemed administrative in most countries, this was not the case for the Democratic Republic of Congo where it was militaristic.

[1]. M. Karl and E. Frederick, Manifesto of the Communist Party, (Internet Archives: Marxists.org, 2005).
[2]. C. Achebe. Africa‗s Tarnished Image, in A. Irele (Ed.), Things, Fall Apart: A Norton Critical Edition: Authoritative Text, Contexts and Criticism, (New York and London: Norton, 2009) 209-220.
[3]. A. Hochschild. King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998).
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[5]. M. Mamdani. Define and Rule: Native as Political Identity, (USA: Harvard University Press)
[6]. C. Phillips. Was Joseph Really a Racist?, in A. Irele (Ed.), Things, Fall Apart: A Norton Critical Edition: Authoritative Text, Contexts and Criticism, (New York and London: Norton, 2009) 200-208.