IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov-2015

Abstract: Even in the beginning of the twenty first century with the attack at World Trade Center (America), terrorism continues to be one of the major issues, which the world is facing. In the early 1970's Germany experienced the activities of the ultra left-wing groups such as the Red Army Faction (RAF) and the Baader-Meinhof group. Spain has had the experience of Basque terrorists, Italy of the Red Brigades and Britain of the republican extremist groups such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the Northern Ireland. The Tamil terrorist groups agitating for an independent 'Eelam' state in the North-East of Sri Lanka, Sikh extremists used terrorism for an independent 'Khalistan' in Punjab, India.

[1]. Adams James. The financing of Terror, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1989.

[2]. Arendt Hannah. On Violence, Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, London, 1970. [3]. Brar K.S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story, UBS Publications, New Delhi, 1993.

[4]. Chandra Bikash. Punjab Crisis: Perception and Perspectives of Indian Intelligentsia,HarAnand Publishers, New Delhi, 1993.

[5]. Dang Satyapal. Genesis of Terrorism: An Analytical Study of Punjab Terrorists, Patriot Publishers, Delhi, 1989.

[6]. Das Veena. 'Time, Self and Community: Features of Sikh Militant Discourse', Contributions to Indian Sociology, XXVI (2), 1992.

[7]. Gill K.P.S. Punjab: Knights of Falsehood, Har-Anand Publications, Delhi, 1977.

Abstract: This paper critically examines the advent of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria from a jurisprudential perspective, with special emphasis on the views of John Austin, Hans Kelsen and H.L.A Hart on revolution, sovereignty and legitimacy.

Keywords: ISIS, Sovereignty, Legitimacy, Obedience, Grundnorm, Rule of Recognition.

[1]. Farwana, Walead, The History of Islamic State, Available at: http://original.antiwar.com/walead_farwana/2014/08/23/the-history-of-the-islamic-state/
[2]. Sekulow, Jay, Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore, Paperback Edition, 2014.
[3]. Wael, Halaq B., The Impossible State: Islam, Politics and Modernity's Moral Predicament, Columbia University Press.
[4]. Kelsen, Jonathan, International Governance and Law: State Regulations and Non-State Law, Edward Publishing Ltd.
[5]. Austin, John, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, Paperback Edition, 2010.
[6]. Haywood, Andrew, Political Theory: An Introduction, Third Edition, Palgrave Publications, 2010.

Abstract: Historians believe Alexander died in June323 B.C. in Babylon. Had he really died there, the world to-day must have been quite different. It would have been free from gods and goddesses. His remaining alive and clandestine hide became a scourge for India. Of course, his follower were the first to carry on the art of creation of words on a scientific basis, it was their hunger to avenge the defeat which led them to the limit of perversion. They could have defended their claim of superiority even without creating gods and goddesses, It is only the future generation of historians which will judge their wisdom in the acrobatic display of their genius

Keywords: Kirat(Bhil)-a native community, Religion-Please, take me, Rudra-a name of Siba in the Vedas, Siba-devastator of the enemies, Tandava-death dance.

[1]. All from J.W.MacCrindle. Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian.Calcutta, KER, SPINK&Co 1877.
[2]. All from The Mahabharat . Hn. Gita Press,Gorakhpur. S.2040 and 2044.
[3]. See Milinda and Miinander identified as one. H.C.Raichaudhury,Pol. Hist.of Ancient India (Hn.) Kitab Mahal 1971.P.335
[4]. M M L 0837 2006 0487

Abstract: The present study aims at investigating the historical, linguistic and semantic origin of the term terrorism in Arabic discourse. It addresses the followingquestions:1) What is the linguistic and historical origin of the word? 2) What is the linguistic context of the term in Arabic discourse? 3)Does the term undergo a semantic change? 4) What type of change does it undergo? 5) What are the collocations to the term?6) What is the frequency of the term? 7)Has the frequency of the word increased over time?The study is both qualitative and quantitative. On the one hand, it is concerned with explaining the historical and linguistic origin of the word /?irhaab/ 'terrorism' in Arabic discourse aiming at revealing how it is used in the language. On the other hand, it focuses on the frequency of occurrence of the term in the language in the past and in the present. Results of the linguistic analysis show that this word is a noun that has an internal structure consisting of a root and an affix.

[1]. Al-Zubayedi, M. (1965).Taj al-'arous. Bayrout: Dar Al fikr.
[2]. Anderson, S. K., & Sloan, S. (2009). Historical dictionary of terrorism. U. S. A.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. Dash N. S. (2008). Context and contextual word meaning. Retrieved May 15, 2015 from http://www.skase.sk/Volumes/JTL12/pdf_doc/DASH.pdf
[3]. Arberry, A. J. (1957). The seven odes: The first chapter in Arabic literature. London: George Allen& UNWIN LTD.
[4]. Beesley, K. R. (1999). Arabic stem morphotactics via finite-state intersection. In E. Benmamoun (Ed.), Perspectives on Arabic linguistics XII(pp. 85-101). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
[5]. Beinin, J. (2003). Is terrorism a useful term in understanding the Middle East and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict? Retrieved 27, November 2014, from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhr/summary/v085/85.1beinin.html

Abstract: Micro-finance as an anti-poverty program addresses the poor and gender issue. Applying the documentary research method, this paper examines that it has both positive and negative impacts on poverty and gender relations. Different studies show that micro-finance alleviates poverty and empower women bringing changes in gender relations. Contrarily, it also becomes the cause of some people's further poverty, and gender based violence. Finally, this paper concludes that micro-finance is not a panacea, but it helps alleviate poverty and promote positive gender relations. It is considered as a means for the poor women and men to escape themselves from the poverty, and as the means for women's empowerment.

Keywords: Micro-finance, poverty, anti-poverty program, gender relations and women's empowerment.

[1] Ahmad, Mokbul Morshed (2003) "Distant Voices: The Views of te Field Workers of NGOs in Bangladesh on Micro-credit‟ in The Geographical Journal, Vol. 169, No. 1, pp65-74.

[2] Barr, Michael S (2005) Microfinance and Financial Development‟ in Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 26, No.46, pp271-296.

[3] Basu, Malika (2008) "The Microcredit Business and Women‟s Empowerment in India: Myths and Realities‟ PHD Thesis, ISS, The Hague, The Netherlands.

[4] Bernasek, Alexandra (2003) "Banking in Social Change: Grameen Bank Lending to Women‟ in International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp 369-385.

[5] Daley-Harris, Sam (2002) "State of the Micro-credit Summit Campaign Report‟ Available:
http://www.microcreditsummit.org/pubs/reports/socr/2002/socr02_en.pdf [25March 2009 1:22]

Abstract: The study responds to the requirement of conducting the situation of girl children domestic help in Chittagong region. It humbly attempts to assess the actual scenery of child housemaid in Bangladesh, their socio-economical backgrounds, education, and recreational facilities. It will also try to provide a brief suggestion regarding eradication of this profession. The research considers the girl children between 6-18 years for giving data for the study. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-20). For analysis, simple percentage, average and linear regression models have been used throughout the study. Findings of this study reveal that the education level of girl children domestic helper is very poor and the major portion of them (55.7 per cent) has no formal education. It also shows that girl child domestic helper spend on an average 9.16 hours a day.

[1] Ahmed, A and Quasem, M.A, Child Labour in Bangladesh, Dhaka,1991

[2] Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Report on National Child Labour Survey, 2002- 2003.

[3] Banglash Shishu Adhikar Forum, December, 2013 (A Desk review on Child labour in domestic work in Bangladesh)

[4] Domestic Workers Protection and Welfare Policy 2010 (draft)

[5] Domestic Child Labour in Bangladesh - Assignment Point.html [6] High Court WRIT PETITION NO.3598 OF 2010

Abstract: The study investigated the use of electronic resources by the students, research scholars and faculty members of IIM Ahmedabad. It examined the user's awareness of the different types of e-resources available in the IIM Ahmedabad Library, purpose and frequency of using e-resources by the users, the factor affecting resource utilization, impact of e-resources and services on the academic work of the users, suggest the ways and means for the effective use of e-resources and services available in the IIM Ahmedabad Library, etc.

Keywords: E-resources, IIM Ahmedabad Library, Indian Institutes of Management

[1] The majority of the respondents (27.85%) visit the library occasionally.

[2] The majority of the respondents (89.79%) indicate that they do not visit the library frequently because all the collection (e-resources) of the library are accessible from their workplace through WiFi/LAN.

[3] The majority of the respondents visit the library to borrow and return the books (91.14%) and for research work/project (75.95%).

[4] The majority of the respondents (87.34%) are well aware of e-resource services and facilities provided by the IIM Ahmedabad Library.

[5] The majority of the respondents is well aware that library is a member of the IIM Consortium (8.01%) and the INDEST-AICTE Consortium (65.82%).

Abstract: Some of the challenges being faced by Nigerians have been attributed to the involvement and activities of individuals with bad and questionable character. This in turn has been blamed on the absence of good moral upbringing at home which is the primary duty of parents especially the women. This problem is intensified by the fact that women are now primary breadwinners in many households and as a result of the interchangeable roles of men and women in the family, great damage is being done to society in general. There is thus a need to reconstruct the basic tenets of the family with particular reference to women. This paper investigated the need for the reconstruction of the centripetal periods of family life by adopting the Descriptive research design.

[1]. Agali, P.O. (2011). Effects of western civilization on the Nigerian family. In Ajayi A. & Fabarebo, I. (Eds) Western civilization in Africa: The gains and pains. Ibadan: Alafas Nigeria Company. Pg 485 – 496.
[2]. Beavers, W.R. & Hampson, R.B. (1990). Successful families. New York: Norton.
[3]. Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Aronson.
[4]. Crombrinck – Graham, L. (1988). Adolescent sexuality in the family life spiral. In Falicov, C.J. (Ed). Family transitions. New York: Guilford press 107-131.
[5]. Dykeman, C. (2011). Family theory. In Capuzzi, D. & Gross, D.R. (Eds). Theories and interventions. Alexandria: American Counselling Association Publication.

Abstract: This paper examines the early 20th Century prose-fiction of German writer, Franz Kafka and that of African writer, Ngugi Wa Thiongo's 21st Century novel, which, both describe strange illnesses of their major characters that defy orthodox cure. Each writer operating in a separate literary tradition and space, and with contrasting levels of civilization, is uniquely different in his diagnosis and prescription of cure. The paper proves that metaphysical elements were a recurrent decimal in human living whether we admit it or not, as the use of these strange phenomena in fiction by the two writers portends more than a parable or an allegory. It also proves that the modernist world-views of maintaining monolithic ideas about human existence was no longer sacrosanct. Kafka appears more helpless than Wa Thiongo who deploying Freudian concepts, appears to have solutions for the metaphysical ailment, in a postmodernist era.

[1]. Kafka, Franz, Metamorphosis and Other Stories, London: Pengium Book, 2006
[2]. Wa Thiongo, Ngugi, Wizard of the Crow, London, Vintage Books, 2007
Secondary Texts
[3]. Aristotle, Poetics, London, Pengium Book, 2001
[4]. Freud Sigmund, "The Interpretation of Dreams" in The Critical Tradition: Texts and contemporary Trends; Boston, Bedford/St. Martins, 1998.
[5]. Harter Alanya, etal(ed) Bedford Anthology of World Literature, Book 6, 2003.
[6]. Klages, Mary Literary Theory: A Guide for the perplexed, London, Continuum books, 2006.
[7]. Plato, The Republic, London, Pengium Books, 1996

Abstract: The doctrine of judicial precedent, which states that the court must stand by what has been decided in a case when deciding a new case by a judge in court, is commonly known among the countries that practice common law system as a strong tool for preserving uniformity in judicial decisions among courts, but in the recent past, the operation of the doctrine is said to differ from the above, thereby resulting into disparities in pronouncement of judicial decisions especially among courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction. This paper makes an expository study of compliance with judicial precedent in all categories of courts in Malaysia and Nigeria with a view to knowing the areas of compliance and non-compliance with judicial precedent.

[1]. ByrantA. Garner (ed) (2004) Black Law Dictionary 8thedn Thompson West.
[2]. ChuksMaduka, (2010)Understanding the Concept of Judicial Precedntann the Doctrine of Stare Decisis under the Nigrerian Legal System,Nigerian law blog spot .com/2010/08/understanding.concept-of-judicial_20_h+mc.
[3]. Esein J.O,(1998) Introduction to Nigerian Legal System, Ibadan Sam Bookman publications.
[4]. Hamza W.A. Bulan R, (2003) An Introduction into Malaysian Legal System.Malaysia, Oxford FajarSdn Bhd.
[5]. Ibrahim A, Joned A, (1995) The Malaysian Legal System,KualarLumpur,DemanBahasolanpustaka
[6]. Ikegbu.E.A, S.A Duru&Dafo E.U,(2004) Rationality of Judicial Precedent in Nigeria‟s Jurispudence, American International journal of contemporary research,vol 4 no5.

Abstract: This study investigated the blended instruction strategy through mobile learning (Whatsapp messaging) among a group of undergraduates undergoing the Action Research II course at the English Language Studies Department, Ilmu Khas Institute of Teacher Education, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study adopted a case study approach where six participants were scaffolded using scaffolding strategies outside classroom time throughout the fourteen weeks of their course. A content analysis was carried out to examine the interaction between the participants and their lecturer.

[1] Darrell West. 2012. Digital Schools: How Technology Can Transform Education. Brookings Institution Press. [2] Mehdipour and Zerehkafi. 2013. Mobile Learning for Education. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research,3(6): 93-101. [3] Raymond, E. 2000. Cognitive Characteristics. Learners with Mild Disabilities (pp. 169-201). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, A Pearson Education Company. [4] Wood, D., Bruner, J. & Ross, G. 1976. The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal Of Psychology and Psychiatry 17(89-100). [5] Schwieter, J.W. 2010. Developing Second Language Writing Through Scaffolding In The ZPD: A Magazine Project For An Authentic Audience, Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 7(10): 31-46 [6] Vygotsky, L.S. 1978. Mind in Society: Thedevelopment of higher psychological process. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Abstract: Religion occupies an important place in human society. It is believed by many thinkers that religion is instinctive in men. Almost all the aspects of society including economic and political regions are guided and controlled by it. It formulates human conduct, behaviour, social sense morality etc. But in spite of all these, there are some dark sides of it, for which some thinkers are of the opinion that if religion is eradicated from the society, many bad things will be vanished and people will live peacefully. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the meaning, origin, different aspects and role of religion in society. Side by side efforts will be given to delineate the dark aspects of it and finally to justify the necessity of religion in society.

Key words: Consciousness, God, Religion, Social, suffering.

[1]. Blackmar, F.W. & Gillin, J.L.; Outlines of Sociology, Macmillin Company, New York, 1921. [2]. Chatterji, P.B.; studies in Comparative Religion, Das Gupta & Private LTD. Calcutta, 1971. [3]. Encyclopedia of Philosophy: History of the philosophy of religion. [4]. Evans, C. Stephen; Philosophy of Religion: Thinking about Faith. InterVarsity Press, 1985.
[5]. Flint, R: Theism: Being and Baird Lecture for 1876, William Blacckwood and Sons, 1902.
[6]. G, George: The Philosophy of religion; C. Scribner‟s Sons in New York, 1914.

Abstract: This paper describe five principles of Pancasila in live with the Indonesian Economic system. Unlike the commanding economy system and liberal economic system, the criteria of "humanist" attaches quite clearly for the Indonesian economic system. Therefore, this system needs to establish a process of internalizing in order to create a proper economic behavior in accordance with Indonesia's economic system. Indonesian economic system is based on Pancasila as the country ideology and foundation for Indonesia. Indonesian economic system characteristic is defined in article 33 of the Constitution of 1945, the economy is full of a sense of togetherness and familiarity.

[1]. Conway, E. (2011). 50 Gagasan Ekonomi yang Perlu Anda Ketahui. Jakarta: Erlangga.
[2]. Dahana, P.R. (2015). Ekonomi Cukup Kritik Budaya pada Kapitalisme. Jakarta: Kompas Media Nusantara.
[3]. Grossman, G. 1995. Sistem-Sistem Ekonomi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
[4]. Ismail, M. Soantosa, D.B. Yustika, A.E. (2014). Sistem Ekonomi Indonesia Tafsiran Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Jakarta: Erlangga.
[5]. Murbyarto. (1990). Ekonomi Pancasila Gagasan dan Kemungkinan. Jakarta: LP3S
[6]. Murbyarto. (1994). Sistem dan Moral Ekonomi Indonesia. Jakarta: LP3S

Abstract: Urbanization and regional development are intimately allied. Higher and lower order facilities and specialization of activities influence urban growth which diffuses its benefit to the surrounding countryside. Subsequently, socio-economic development of the region comes into being. Optimum level of growth of an urban centre depends on the capacity to provide required facilities to the people. Hierarchical growth of urban centre in association with the location of civic amenities induces regional development in hierarchical dimension. In case of Eastern India, few of the urban centres are having large number of facilities while others are lacking in correspondence to their population size. Formulation of pragmatic planning model is the rescue of wiping out such problems.

[1]. W. Christaller, The Central Places in Southern Germany, doctoral diss., University of Heidelberge, Munich, 1933.
[2]. Losch, The spatial organization of the economy (302 Temple st, New Haven, CT 06511, United States, Yale University Press, 1940).
[3]. W. Israd, Location and space economy (New York, Wiley, 1956 & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Technology Press, 1956).
[4]. Curtis Eaton and G. Lipsey Richard, An economic theory of central places, The Economic Journal, 92(365), March, 1982, 56-72.
[5]. D.L. Huff, The delineation of a national system of planning regions on the basis of urban sphere of influence, Regional Studies, 7(3), 1973, 323-329.
[6]. D.L. Huff, and J.M. Lutz, Change and continuity in the irish urban system, Sage Journals of Urban Studies, 32(1), 1995, 155-173.
[7]. F. Wang, Regional density functions and growth patterns in major plains china, Regional Science, 80(3), 2001, 231-240.
[8]. S. Liang, Research on the urban influence domains in china, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23(12), 2008, 1527-1539.

Abstract: Competition in an industry is not only caused by the presence of the existing competitors. Yet, there are some other forces that helped the structure of the competition. Furniture industry is one of small industries that is growing in Pasuruan is considered to be capable in job creation and absorb labor force in large numbers and be able to increase revenue and local communities. Small furniture business continuity industry in Pasuruan will be effective if the coaching role of entrepreneurship. In the empowerment of the industry furniture in Pasuruan, Department of Cooperatives and SMEs Pasuruan making various efforts such as: (1) to provide guidance to human resources (HR), coaching is done by providing guidance entrepreneurial in form of training in the furniture craft industry in Pasuruan such as training to improve the facilitation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).

[1]. Alma, Buchari. 2010. Kewirausahaan. Bandung : Penerbit Alfabeta.
[2]. Becchetti, L., dan Trovato, G., (2002), "The Determinants of Growth for Small and Medium Sized Firms: The Role of the Availability of External Finance", Small Business Economics, 19 (2) , pp. 291 – 306
[3]. Davidsson, P., Kirchhoff, B., Hatemi-J, A., dan Gustavsson, H., (2002), "Empirical of Business Growth Factors Using Swedish Data", Journal of Small Business Management, 40 (4), pp. 332 – 349
[4]. Drucker, F. Peter. 1985. Innovation and Entrepreunership Practice and Principles, New York, Harper & Row, Publiser, Inc.
[5]. Glancey, K., 1998. Determinants of Growth and Profitability in Small Entrepreneurial Firms. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 4 (1), pp. 18 – 27