IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ Feb-2016

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Characteristics of Ancient China Secretary Vocation in Confucian Culture and Feudal Politics Background
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Han Ruihui

Abstract:There is a classic confusion in the understanding of secretary vocation. From the renowned encyclopedias in China, the secretary is mainly about the clerks who process the documentations for leaders. However, it seems not true in some condition. Some researchers classifies the secretary vocation into civil secretary and affairs secretary. That solved the problem partly, but could not clear the confusion thoroughly. It is meaningful to understand this problem through analysis of ancient China secretary vocation. This research set out to analyze the characteristics of secretary vocation in feudal China. The principle findings of this research are that ancient China secretary vocation involved in the political conflicts from beginning to end. The secretaries were not the clerks who only processed the documentations. This situation has unique cultural and political background. The Confucian culture and reliance of emperors on secretary institutions are the main cause of secretary's involvement in political conflicts. This findings presented in this thesis can contribute a better understanding of secretary vocation in ancient China.

Key words: secretary; emperor; minister; Confucian thoughts; political conflicts

[1]. Cai Mao. The Alienation of Secretary Vocation and the Solution to the Problem. Leadership Science. 2011(36), 36-39
[2]. Chang Chongyi. The setup of Secretary Science and Mount Everest: Brief Introduction of the Definition of Secretary. Secretary's Company. 1992(z1), 7-9
[3]. Chen Xiaoka. The Features of Secretaries Allocation in Central Government of Ancient Feudal China. Secretary. 2000(6), 44-45
[4]. Dai Zhipeng. Secretary and Tea and Alcohol Culture. Journal of Changsha Railway University. 2010(1). 75-76
[5]. Dong Xintai. The Discussion of Features of Secretary Work. Secretary's Companion. 1994(5), 3-7

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Temple of Good Fortune:Chintamani
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Monika Sharma

Abstract: The construction of Chintamani temple was an important event in the history of Mughal Gujarat. It was built and faced many ups and downs during seventeenth century. It was the Centre of attraction for the people, Jain community and Mughal prince Aurangzeb; and also a cause of worry for Mughal Emperor. This paper intends to find out different phases of construction and destruction of the temple. It was located in the flourishing suburb of Bibipurin Ahmedabad which is now known as Saraspur.

Keywords: Jain community, Gujarat,Chintamani temple,Parshvanath, ShantidasZaveri, Ahmedabad.

[1]. ChintamaniPrashasti, verses 45-49 Cf. Commissarriat, M.S., A History of Gujarat, 2 Vols., II, Bombay, 1957, p. 62.
[2]. It is said that Muni Jivijayji found this document in a Jain work and a copy of this document is preserved in Gujarat Vidyapeeth.
[3]. A History of Gujarat, II, op. cit., pp. 141.
[4]. Ahmedabad District Gazetteer, p. 285.
[5]. Ali Muhammad Khan, Mirat-i-Ahmadi‟ (Supplement), Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, 1930, pp. 137-38. (It gives the name of 84 classes or Gachchhas and these names derived from the name of their towns where they were settled.)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determining Proper Law and Jurisdiction in International Commercial Disputes: Efficacy of Conflict of Laws Principles
Country	:	United Kingdom
Authors	:	Afroza Bilkis

Abstract: This article is focused on efficiency of the principles and regulations under Conflict of Law rules and the criterion considered by courts in their application to appropriate cases. Rules of conflict of law are significant in all international disputes and as such, identity and test of efficacy of the established norms for bringing out such claims is essential. This is determined by seeing how efficient the principles under conflict rules are in determining proper law and jurisdiction in international disputes. Issues like which general principles and mechanisms are available under Private International Law to guide issues of contracts or commercial transactions; how these principles are applied by the courts in determining jurisdiction and proper law; and what are the practical and possible difficulties in applying such principles must be considered.

Keywords: Conflict of Laws, International Commercial Disputes, Jurisdiction, Proper law

[1]. Briggs, Adrian, the conflict of laws (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008).
[2]. Stone, Peter, the conflict of laws (Harlow: Longman Group Limited, 1995).
[3]. Stone, Peter, the conflict of laws (Harlow: Longman Group Limited, 1995).
[4]. Fawcett, J.J., North, P.M., Carruthers, Janeen M, Cheshire, North and Fawcett, private international law (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008).
[5]. Brussels I Regulation, 2001, Art 26 (1).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Importance of multilateral cooperation in sustainable social integration of refugees: A case study of massive Syrian refugee influx in -2015.
Country	:	Sri Lanka
Authors	:	D.A.E. Malavipathirana

Abstract:"Refugee crisis" is one of the front line discussion topics in modern day international system due to massive Syrian refugee influx in Europe. Islamic state group's terror attacks compelled Syrians to risk their lives to cross European borders, for a safe and better life. European countries agreed to host number of refugees as a fruit of multilateral cooperation in European region. Integration of Syrian refugees to the European community has become one of the main challenges thereof; in terms of reducing inequalities and achieving the global security. That it needs to be sort under multilateral cooperation. This research mainly attempt to find the answers for the research question of why international community should understand the importance of multilateral cooperation in social integration of Syrian refugees to Europe? Objective of the research was to recognize the importance of multilateral cooperation in Europe to omit non -traditional security threats created by Syrian Refugees. Hypothesis of the research was that sustainable social integration process under multilateral cooperation strengthened Syrian refugees to ensure their legitimacy in international system. Author mainly based on secondary and qualitative sources when acquiring data in data collection. When analyzing the data, author found that the social integration of Syrian refugees through multilateral cooperation in sustainable social integration replies the concerns of western and pacific countries on social integration of refugees

[1]. Hassan A EI-Najjar (2001) 'Western interest and the Gulf war', in (ed.) The Gulf War: Overreaction and Excursiveness . : Amazone Press.
[2]. Bercovitch J. (2011) Theory and practice of international mediation, Selected essays, 1st Edition edn., 2 Park square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxton, OX14 4RN: Routledge
[3]. R. Schofield "Arabian Boundary Disputes" Cambridge University Press, 1992
[4]. Zachary Lockman "Contending visions of the middle-east – the history and politics of Orientalism" Cambridge University Press, 2009
[5]. David Spencer and Micheal Brogan" Mediation law and practice" Cambridge University press, 2016

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	R.K.Narayan‟s "The English Teacher‟: An Autobiographical Element
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Y. Kusuma Kumari || Dr.T. Narayana

Abstract: R.K.Narayan, one of the most distinguished Indian novelists writing in English, brings out autobiographical element in his novel, 'The English Teacher'. Narayan starts narrating his own sad story after the death of his beloved wife Rajam, impersonating himself Krishna and tries to establish contact with his departed wife; Narayan dramatically presents the whole tragedy of the untimely death of his young wife. The depth of his grief and sorrow is nakedly and profoundly and movingly reflected in the concluding part of the first section, through describing Krishna's response to Susila's death. The second part of the novel to the end of it describes Narayan's own spiritual experience of holding communion with the spirit of his departed wife. Leela, though a child, exerts her influence on her father, Krishna, by diverting and engaging his attention away from the adult world towards the world of childhood. This salutary influence helps reconstruct Krishna's disintegrated personality owing to the untimely death of his beloved wife, Susila; the presence of Leela who, with her redemptive power, helps her father Krishna overcome his sense of existential futility.

Keywords: autobiographical, spiritual communion, existential futility, irony, death

[1] Lakshmi Holmstrom The Novels of R.K.Naryan Calcutta Writers workshop1973, P.47
[2] Raizada, Harish. R. K. Narayan: A Critical Study of His Works. New Delhi: Young Asia Publications, 1969.
[3] K.R.Srinivasa Iyengar, Indian Writing in English, Bombay Asia Publishing Works revised 2nd Ed. 973
[4] Narayan, R.K. My Days.Harper Collins,2013.
[5] Narayan, R.K. The English Teacher. Chennai: Indian Thought Publications, 2010

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Behaviour Modification for Intellectually Disabled Students
Country	:	INDIA
Authors	:	Swapna.K.S || Dr.M.A.Sudhir

Abstract: Persons with Intellectual Disability show deficits in adaptive behaviour. Hence, training them to overcome the limitations in adaptive behaviour is the primary aim of any individual working with persons with Intellectual Disability. A few of them also have problem behavioural posing challenges to the educator. A problem or a challenging behaviour in the individual interferes with his acquiring new skills, or strengthening old skills or it interferes in someone else's activities.Practicing behavior modification in an inclusion classroom addresses behavior issues for individual students. Teachers with special-needs students in their classroom hold all students to the same behavioral expectations while individualizing behavior modifications to address specific needs. So the present article is mainly focuses on the behaviour modification techniques that can be useful for the regular teachers in an inclusive classroom.

[1]. Alberto, P.A. ,& Troutman, A.C.(1990). Applied Behaviour Analysis for Teachers. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
[2]. Callahan, K., &Rademacher, J. A. (1999). Using self-management strategies to increase the on- task behavior of a student with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 117-122
[3]. JM Kauffman, JW Lloyd, KA McGee. (1989). Adaptive and maladaptive behavior Teachers' attitudes and their technical assistance needs. The Journal of Special Education, SAGE Publications: New York.
[4]. Kern, L., Sokol, N. G., & Dunlap, G. (2006). Assessment of antecedent influences on challenging behaviors. In J. K. Luiselli (Ed.). Antecedent intervention: Recent developments in community focused behavior support. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
[5]. MacDuff GS, Krantz PJ, McClannahan LE. Teaching children with autism to use photographic activity schedules: maintenance and generalization of complex response chains. J ApplBehav Anal. 1993 Spring;26(1):89–97.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Tourist perception and preference to the tourism attractions in Ranu Pani Villages, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Nanny Roedjinandari || M. Baiquni || Chafid Fandeli || Nopirin

Abstract: This paper examines the tourism resources and the tourist perception and preference to the tourism attractions in Ranu Pani Villages, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. Field work was conducted at Ranupani villages from March to August 2015. Interviews was conducted with tourist guided by questions on topics, including potentials tourism attraction, accessibility, tourism facility, tourism safety, and environmental management. Result of the study shows that most of the responds has positive perceptions to Ranupani landscapes. Diversity of flora and fauna was high. Tenggerese culture has been preserved by local people in Ranupani. Flora and fauna is crucial tourism object and attraction in Ranupani. This research confirms that accessibility aspect should be improved. In Ranupani area, tourism facility was limited and need to be improved. The safety aspect of tourist in Ranupani was good to excellent. Environmental management should be improved.

Keywords: mountain tourist, destination competitiveness, natural attractions

[1]. B. Epler, Tourism, the economy, population growth, and conservation in Galapagos (Charles Darwin Foundation, 2007).
[2]. L. Roberts and D. Hall, Rural tourism and recreation: principles to practice (CABI publishing, 2001).
[3]. L. Aronsson, The development of sustainable tourism (Continuum, 2000).
[4]. C. Chella, Pro-poor Tourism Interventions through the Creation of Agro-tourism Linkages (Small States: Economic Review and Basic Statistics, 1, 2010).
[5]. CA. Gunn and T. Var, Tourism planning: Basics, concepts, cases (Psychology Press, 2002).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Influence of Reading Qur'an to Youth Mental and Soul in Medan
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Dr. H. Muhammad Sofyan, MA

Abstract: This study discusses the influence of reading Qur'an against youth mental and peaceful of soul in the city of Medan (case study of student in State Institute for Islamic University, Sumut). This study is motivated by reading the Quran that affects youth mental tranquility. In reading Quran, an incentive or motivation is different. This study is intended to answer the problem: (1) how does read Al- Qur'an by youth in Medan? (2) How does the peace of soul of the youth in the city of Medan? (3) is there any effect of reading Quran for the soul of the youth in the city of Medan? The issues is addressed through field studies conducted at the State Institute for Islamic Study of North Sumatra........
Keywords: Al Qur'an; outh mental; peaceful of soul; influence

[1] Al-Quranul Karim
[2] Aa Gym, www.Kesehatan Ruhiyah, eramuslim.com, 2010

[3] Abdur Rouf, Abdul Aziz, Tarbiyyah Syakhsiyah Qur'aniyyah, membangun kepribadian Qurani, markas Al-Qur'an. Jakarta Timur : tt

[4] Ahmad Mubarok, Sunatullah dalam Jiwa Manusia, Jakarta : IIIT Indonesia, 2002

[5] Al-Qardhawi, Yusuf, Kayfa Natan'amil Ma'a Al-Quran Al-Azim, tp : tt

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	महिला सशक्तिकरण एवं सामाजिक परिवर्तन
Country	:	India
Authors	:	डॉ रचना प्रसाद

Abstract: .............

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