IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: This paper explores the conflict between the Meeteis and the Bishnupriyas on the one hand and the role of state in accommodating as well as intensifying such tension in the state of Assam on the other. Ethnic conflict is shown to be a consequence of a lingering identity problem, aggravated by language and homeland disputes based on their complex historical relations, as well as equivocal responses of the state. It is argued that continued manipulation of historical events and ethnic demonstration of certain community sometimes turned into conflict with others as well as policies of the state towards ethnic groups in Assam further intensified such tensions in the state............

Keywords: Ethnic identity, Politics, Ethnic formation, Recognition, Conflict, Language

[1] Banerjee, Amalesh. Equality, Fraternity and Development: Resolving Ethnic Conflict. In Bimal J. Deb (Ed.), Ethnic Issues Secularism and Ethnic Resolution in North East India. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, pp. 50-62, 2006.
[2] Barth, Fredrik. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969.
[3] Bubis, G.B., & Marks, L.E. Changes in Jewish identification: A comparative study of a teenage Israel camping trip, a counselor in training program and a teenage service program. Jerusalem: JWB Research Center, 1975.
[4] Castells, Manuel. The Power of Identity, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Vol. II. UK, Oxford: Blackwell, Malden, MA, 1997.
[5] Chrisman, J. Noel (1981). Ethnic persistence in an urban setting. Ethnicity, 8, 256–292.

Abstract: The term community comes from two words with a single meaning. "Communis" comes from a combination of the Latin prefix com- (which means ‗together') and the word ―munis" probably originally derived from the Etruscan word munis- (meaning "to have the charge of"). In sociology the concept of community has spawned infinite debate, and sociologists are yet to reach an agreement on the definition of the term. Traditionally, a ‗community' has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. The word is often used to refer to a group that is organized around common values and social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household.............

Keywords: '............

[1]. Behera, K.K.(2008), "Ethnomedicinal Plants used by the Tribes of Similipala Bioreseve, Odisha, India: A Pilot study", Department of Biotechnology, OUAT, 2008: Ethnobotanical Leafl ets 10: 149-173, 2006
[2]. Dash, Tapan, R., (1991), ―Inequality in Educational Development of Tribes in Odisha" Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, January.
[3]. Ellis, Frank (1998), "Household Strategies and Rural Livelihood Diversification", The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, October, pp. 1–38.
[4]. Ghosh, G.K., (1990), "Lodha Tribes of Mayurbhanj A Case Study", Khadi Gramodyog, August.
[5]. Government of Odisha (2004), "Human Development Report 2004", Planning and Co-ordination Department, Government of Odisha

Abstract: Spatial inequality is not only a mark of underdevelopment and a stumbling block to true human welfare. It is an important tool in the creation of privileged groups of individuals and places on one hand, and deprived groups on the other, and may in turn breed primordial loyalty and social conflict. Using selected health and education variables as indicators of development, three orthogonal factors that accounted for 54.36 per cent of the variation in the original variables were extracted. On rotation, three factors of health, literacy,...........

Keywords: Spatial Inequality, Integrated Rural Development, Regional Dualism, South-south Region, Socio-economic Facilities..

[1]. Adebisi, A., 1998. Development Trends and Intra-regional Inequalities in Ogun State, Nigeria International Journal of Urban Affairs Volume 2 Number 2, pp.1-8.
[2]. Bhagwati, I. J., 1971. Economics of Underdeveloped Countries. Werden, Fold and Nicholson.
[3]. Ebenezer, A., 1995. Regional Inequalities in the Process of Nigeria's Development: Socio-political and Administrative Perspective. Journal of Social Development. Vol. 10(2) pp61-80
[4]. Enoh, C.E.O., 1981. Spatial Inequalities in the Socio-economic Development of Cross River State, PhD Thesis, Kent State University.
[5]. Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1970. Second National Development Plan (1970-1974) Lagos.

Abstract: Issues management (IM) is becoming widely accepted in the business-and-society literature as a policy tool to enhance the social performance of corporations. Its acceptance is based on the presumption that firms have incorporated ethical norms into their decision-making process. This paper argues that IM is simply a technique to identify, analyze, and respond to social issues. It can be used either to improve or forestall corporate social performance. Different values will steer IM practitioners in different policy directions.......

Keywords: Ethics, Decision-Making, Issues, Management, Policy, Values.

[1]. Buck, J., Moore J., Schwartz, M., and Supon S. (2001). What is Ethical Behavior for an Academic Adviser? The Mentor: An Academic Advising Journal, 3(1) . Retrieved April 23, 2004.
[2]. Hojnacki, William. (2004). Three Rules of Management. In Managerial Decision Making, graduate course conducted in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University South Bend.
[3]. Chmielewski, C., (2004).The Importance of Values and Culture in Ethical Decision.
[4]. Bowen, Shannon A. (2002). Elite Executives in Issues Management: The Role of Ethical Paradigms in Decision Making. Journal of Public Affairs. February 2002, Vol. 2 Number 4 pg 270-283. Retrieved from EBSCO Host on February 23, 2004.
[5]. Banaji, Mahzarin R., Bazerman, Max H., Chugh, Dolly (2003). How (Un)Ethical Are You?Harvard Business Review. December 2003, Vol 81, Issue 12, p56, 9p, 13c. Retrieved from EBSCO Host on February 23, 2004. AN 11587432.

Abstract: The study aims to understand the impact of new road on the inhabitants in rural area. A new road dramatically change people‟s lifestyle with local economy and socio-cultural environs, trade & commerce, transport development, infrastructural expansion, establishment of small to medium scale industries and urbanization occurs due to establishment of new highway.76% respondent said that a new road have too much impact on occurring urbanization, 74% said that transport development too much in the study area and 65% new small scale industry developed in the rural area with the help of new highway............

Keywords: Impact, livelihood, Road, Rural area,Socio-cultureScenario

[1] O'Flaherty, Coleman A. (2002). Highways: The Location, Design, Construction & Maintenance of Road Pavements. Elsevier. ISBN 0-7506-5090-7.

[2] Ribeiro, A., Antunes, A. P., &Páez, A. (2010). Road accessibility and cohesion in lagging regions: Empirical evidence from Portugal based on spatial econometric models. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(1), 125-132.

[3] Schwartz, J. (1993). The New York approach: Robert Moses, urban liberals, and redevelopment of the inner city. Ohio State University Press.

[4] Hall, T., & Hubbard, P. (1998). The entrepreneurial city: geographies of politics, regime, and representation. Progress in Human Geography, 20(2), John Wiley & Sons.

[5] DRAPER*, M. A. L. C. O. L. M., SPIERENBURG†, M. A. R. J. A., & WELS‡, H. A. R. R. Y. (2004). African dreams of cohesion: Elite pacting and community development in transfrontier conservation areas in Southern Africa. Culture and Organization, 10(4), 341-353. .

Abstract: - This research appraised the underlying factors of rural-urban migration in southeastern Nigeria with focus on Nsukka Region of Enugu state. It utilized the survey research design which involved the use of household questionnaires in data collection. The study covered 4 local government areas, 16 communities and 910 households. Data analysis was done with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA identified five underlying push factors of migration in the region to include:..............

Keywords: underlying factors, rural-urban, migration

[1]. Adepoju, A. (2004): "Changing Configurations of Migration in Africa". Migration Information Source Available on-line.
[2]. Ajaero, C.K. (2013): The Spatial Impacts of Rural-Urban Migration on Rural Livelihoods in SouthEastern Geo-Political zone of Nigeria. A ph.D submitted to the Dept. of Geography UNN.
[3]. Barclay, G.N. (1972): Techniques of Population Analysis. John Willey and Sons , New York.
[4]. Ellis F. (2005): Small farms, Livelihood Diversification and Rural Urban transitions, Strategic Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, U.K.
[5]. Ellis, F. (2003): A. Livelihood Approach to Migration and Poverty Reduction" A Paper Commissioned by the Department for International Development (DFID) overseas Development studies Vol. 35, No. 1; pp 1-38.

Abstract: The defence of self-defence as provided in the Nigerian penal statutes is in consonance with the constitutional protection guaranteed every Nigerian to use reasonable and necessary force for the defence of person and property, from unlawful violence. The defence, where successfully pleaded, completely exculpates a defendant from criminal liability. The important condition for the application of this defence is that the person assailed must be reasonably apprehensive of death or bodily harm and at the time, he uses any force as is necessary even if that results in the death of the assailant.........

Keywords: Self-defence, Retaliatory Act,Proportion, Apprehension of death, Nigerian Law

[1]. Afosi v. State [2013]13 NWLR (Pt. 1371) 329.
[2]. Ashworth, A. (1991), Principles of Criminal Law 114, (Cited in Black‟s Law Dictionary, P. 1390).
[3]. Dachen, Isaac (2015) "Super Woman: Lady Stabs Robber to Death inSelf-Defence" available at http://pulse.ng/gist/superwoman-ladystabs-robber-to-death-in-self-defence-id4030128.html (accessed on 11/2/2016).
[4]. Ewulum, B E &Agwuncha, I E, (2013) "An Analysis of the Defence of Self-Defence under Nigeria Law," The Premier Bar Journal, Vol. 1, N0. 1, 2013, P. 161.
[5]. Frier, B & McGinn, T; (2004), A Casebook on Roman Family Law (New York: Oxford Unviversity Press) P. 67

Abstract: This study aims to assess the prevalence and types of gender based violence at the five campuses of Hawassa University among female students. Using self administered questionnaires and structured interviews, and focused group discussions we determined the prevalence and types of gender based violence at the 5 campuses. The data obtained from the questioners was analyzed using soft ware statistical package of SPSS and the significance tests were carried out using Chi-square test. The most frequently observed violence in the campuses were pushing or tripping; grabbing breasts, buttocks and pinching; offensive verbal and sexual comments; and twisting earlobes and pilling hair.............

Keywords: Gender based violence, Violence, Girls, Female Students, Campuses, University

[1]. USAID, Strengthening Regional work on Gender Based Violence: A meeting of activists, practitioners and researchers from the Horn, East and Southern Africa, Kampala, Uganda Nov 8-9, 2006.
[2]. Working Group on Higher Education (WGHE)/Association of African University (AAU), Mainstreaming gender in higher education in Africa, Module 8, 2006, 2-5.
[3]. IGWG of USAID. Addressing gender-based violence through USAID's health programs: A guide for health sector program officers (2nd Edition) (Washington D.C: IGWG, 2008).
[4]. Y. Gebreyohannes, Prevalence and factors related to GBV among female students of higher institutions in Mekele town, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, MPH Thesis, Department of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, 2007.
[5]. Z. Iliyasu, I. S. Abubakar, M. H. Aliyu, H. S. Galadanc, and H. M. Salihu, Prevalence and Correlates of Gender-based Violence among Female University Students in Northern Nigeria, African Journal of Reproductive Health September 2011, 15(3), 2011, 111-119.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate politeness strategies that are employed by youth while communicating with other members of society. It is a known fact that, youth have been castigated for lacking decency while addressing issues that may be perceived to be obscene in nature such as deaths, diseases, different functions of body parts, sexual matters, just to mention a few. Despite unprecedented complaints on the manner by which some youth use their language, this study set out to denounce that old folk by unearthing the various politeness strategies that Kenyan youth engage in while communicating with different groups of people.............

Keywords: Politeness Strategies

[1]. Brown, P. and S. Levinson (1987) Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[2]. Buliba,A, Njogu, K and Mwihaki, A (2006) Isimujamii kwa wanafunzi wa Kiswahili. Nairobi: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
[3]. Carter, R and McCarthy,M (1994) Language and discourse – perspective for Language Teaching. New York. Longman Publishing,
[4]. Fromkin, V. Rodman, R (1988) Introduction to Language. Holt: Rinechart and Winston.
[5]. Fromkin, V. Rodman, R. and Hymes, N. (2003) An Introduction to Language. (7th Ed) Boston: Wardsworth Thompson Corporation.

Abstract: This paper seeks to contribute to recent food security debate. On the basis of field study conducted in three low income areas of Manzini, this study investigated how insufficient food has become a chronic development problem in Africa's urban area due to rapid urbanization which is eating up the resourceful land and pushing food production further away. Therefore this study was designed to capture the role of migration, urbanization and its implications on food security among the selected low income households in the area. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire interviews involving a sample of 500 households............

Keywords: Food security, Households, Livelihood, Migration, Urbanization

[1]. Bouis, H. & Hunt, J., (1999). Linking Food and Nutrition Security: Past Lessons and Future Opportunities Asian Development Review, vol. 17 nos. 1,2, pp. 168-213, Asian Development Bank
[2]. Braun, J. V. (2008). Taking action for the world's poor and hunger people, IFPRI, Beijing, China
[3]. Central Statistical Office (2008). Swaziland Demographic and health Survey 2006-07, Mbabane, Swaziland and Macro International Inc., Calverton, Maryland.
[4]. Crush, J., Frayne, B. & Grant, M. (2006). Linking Migration, HIV/AIDS and Urban Food Security in Southern and Eastern Africa www.ifpri.org/renewal Accessed 16 February 2011
[5]. Crush, J., Hovorka, A. & Tevera, D. (2010). Urban Food Production and household Food security in Southern African Cities, Urban Food Security AFSUN, series No. 4 Mega Digital, cape Town, South Africa

Abstract: Child labour deprives children of their childhood potentials, mental and social development. It is very common in our communities and exposes them to so many dangers. Aim: To evaluate the practice and hazards of street hawking among children in UmunaOrlu South East Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study in which data was collected from one hundred and fifty child hawkers in UmunaOrlu using semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires. The data was collated and analyzed using Microsoft excel package. Results were presented in frequency tables, bar charts and pie charts............

Keywords: Child labour, hazard, Street hawking,Orlu.

[1] Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 2010.en.m wiki. Pedia.org/wiki/child labour (Accessed 3/10/14).
[2] Dimeji T, Arielle C. Consequences of child labour in urban Nigeria Jour SOC Sci 2008; 16(2):173-181.
[3] Osiruemu E. Poverty of parents and child labour in Benin-city Nigeria: A preliminary account of its nature and implications Jour SocSci 2007; 14(2):115-121.
[4] ILO=IPEC: Official page of Global March against Child Labour, 2001.http//www.child labour news info/. (Accessed on 16/4/2014).
[5] Adeyinka A. Social correlates and coping measures of street children: A comparative study of street and non-street children in south-western Nigeria; child Abuseand Neglect. Jour SocSci 200024(9):1119-1213.

Abstract: This study sought to evaluate the range of physical activity in university students by conducting a survey and to contribute towards their health promotion by making them more involved in physical activities. Insufficient physical activity is a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. 192 students participated in the study, participants were in the age group of 18 to 21.Number of male participants were less compared to the female. The study pointed out that students are not prioritizing physical activity regardless of the fact that they are studying health related subjects...........

Keywords: Exercise, Fitness, Health, Lifestyle, Non communicable diseases, Physical Activity(PA).

[1]https://rodwp.pub.coke.com/wpcontent/uploads/sites/55/2014/08/PhysicalActivityTheSouthAfricanContext.pdf

[2] http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/chronic/cvd.htm .
[3] Brown, J.D. & Siegal, J.M. (1988). Exercise as a buffer of life stress: a prospective study of adolescent health. Health Psychology, 7(4), 341-353.
[4] http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/
[5]Sotade,O.(2011).Is Gen Y Tech-Savvy or Tech-Dependent?(online) http://healthculturesociety.wikispaces.com/Is+Gen+Y+TechSavvy+or+Tech-Dependent%3F. July 2014.