IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: No doubt Nigeria and some continents across the globe are facing serious security challenges ranging from one reason to the other but with almost same agitation of both political or religious sentiment and extremism. One may not be wrong if affirm the link that is between Islamic insurgents splinters groups across the globe when on recent the Nigerian insurgent group (Boko Haram) paid allegiance to ISIS insurgent group which presently creating havoc, maim, massacre and destructions of properties in both Muslims and non-Muslims countries alike in the name of Holy war and exhibition of Islamic teachings and morals.................

[1] D. Mustapha. ''Media and Democracy''. National Mirror 21 December 2012 1-2
[2] Odumegwu Ojukwu' Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odumegwu_Ojukwu (accessed 31 January 2014).
[3] The Term Corruption is defined loosely by the corrupt Practices and other related Act (2004) as concludes bribey, and other related offences
[4] Ibid bid
[5] UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, Keynote Address, Closing Plenary of the International Summit on Democracy, Terrorism and Security, 'A Global Strategy for Fighting Terrorism' Madrid, Spain, 10 March 2005.

Abstract: This paper explores the attribution theory of Confucianism, which consists of two aspects: first, faced with major life mishaps, such as sickness or death, Confucianism intends to attribute them to external factors of "Tianming", unstable, uncontrollable fate; second, meeting failures or frustrations in enterprise pursuits, they usually attribute them to internal, stable and controllable factors. Referring to the modern attribution theories, such views of attribution may have some positive role on people's enterprises and life. More studies are needed to examine the impacts the theory on people's psychology and behaviors

Keywords: Causal attribution, attribution theory, Confucian culture, mental health

[1] Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978).Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87(1), 49-74.
[2] An, S., & Trafimow, D. (2013). Affect and morality: a cross-cultural examination of moral attribution. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(3), 417-430.
[3] Baker, J. (2008). Who believes in religious evil? An investigation of sociological patterns of belief in Satan, Hell, and Demons. Review of Religious Research, 50(2), 206–220.
[4] Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
[5] Beck, R., & Taylor, S. (2008). The emotional burden of monotheism: Satan, theodicy, and relationship with god. Journal of Psychology & Theology, 36(3), 151-160.

Abstract: The end of Cold War, rising tide of globalization, environmental degradation, international terrorism have opened up a new vista of state security. We are well aware of the fact that the military security is a traditional one. But with the advent of Globalization, the global strategic environment is in a state of constant flux. This change of world politics and the core determinant of international order and security adhere to several non-traditional sectors with a much enhanced role of economic, political and social forces. Thus we can say that the cold war has therefore marked a shift in the study and analysis of security and world order from a traditional framework to a non-traditional approach. However according to Mely Caballero-Anthony...........

[1] Caballero – Anthony, 'An Introduction' Understanding Non-traditional security Pp 1-4
[2] NBC News3rdSept,2013- http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/11/17691515bythe-numbers-how-america-tallies-its-111-million-undocumented-immigrants - accessed on February 28, 2016
[3] Taylor, Mark, December 2007 – The Drivers of immigration in contemporary society: Unequal Distribution of Resources and opportunities Human Ecology P.35(6):775-776 do :: 10.1007/s 10745 007 – 9111 - Z
[4] "Drop the I word campaign" A campaign against undocumented immigrants in America https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration – accessed on February 27, 2016
[5] "Illegal Immigrants no more" - Associated Press Blog, 2013 April 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration – accessed on February 27, 2016

Abstract: American Imperialism, this much debated topic, has always been of paramount interest for observers throughout the world. Actually, this ongoing debate involving U.S. foreign policy is not a recent one since it goes back to the end of the nineteenth century, specifically to the outbreak of the Spanish-American war of 1898. In fact, in the wake of this military conflict, the world witnessed the emergence of a young superpower on the international scene challenging and competing with old European powers including France. Thus, in July 1898,after the end of the Spanish-American war the term "imperialism" was, for the first time, applied to the United States by mostEuropean observers, mainly the French.But the latter were divided regardingthegenesis of American imperialism. A debate was then launched among French observersrevealing different perceptions of this phenomenon.

[1] Leroy Beaulieu, Paul."L‟expansion nord-américaine". L‟Economiste français 25 Feb. 1905: 250.
[2] Fisk, John. "Manifest Destiny".Harper‟s New Monthly Magazine, Mar. 1885:578-590.
[3] Laferrière, J. "L‟impérialisme aux Etats-Unis".Revue Générale de Droit International Public Jan. 1906: 243.
[4] Léger, Auguste. "L‟américanisation du monde". Le Correspondant April 25, 1902: 221-253.
[5] Louis, P. "A propos de la Guerre hispano-américaine". La Revue Socialiste May 1898: 613.

Abstract: Speaking is an important skill that needs to be developed in students to fulfill their academic and professional needs. This paper examines the different kinds of speaking tasks, teachers use to teach speaking skills to students in the English language proficiency course (ELPC) at University of Delhi, Delhi, with the aim of developing appropriate test items for speaking test and also develop an assessment scale to assess the oral competence of learners in speaking the language in a multilingual context. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared to elicit responses from the teachers on the issue at hand.............

Keywords: Oral skills, tasks, multilingual, assessment, proficiency, test

[1] S.Luoma, Assessing Speaking. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004).
[2] N.Oppenheim, Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement(London, Heineman, 1966)
[3] F. J.Fowler, Survey research methods (Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications 2002).
[4] M. B. Youngman, Designing and Analysing Questionnaires (Rediguide 12, Nottingham, School of Education, University of
Nottingham, 1987)

Abstract: - The objective of this paper was to carry out an in-depth investigation into effects of peer influence on academic performance and graduation of male students from a university in Western region of Kenya. The study was given credence by poor academic performance and general lack of enthusiasm in learning among these male students. The theoretical foundation of this study was social learning theory. In this purposive constructivist research, the researcher sought to establish the meaning of the phenomenon that was particular and context-based from the views of the six study participants and the aim was not to generalize the findings...............

Keywords: Academic Performance, influence, Peers, Male students, University

[1] Association for the Development of Education in Africa-ADEA. (2003). "The challenge of learning": Improving the quality of Basic Education in Sub-sahara Africa. ADEA discussion paper, in ADEA Biennial meeting, Grand Baie, Mauritius.
[2] Attride-stirling, J. (2001). Thematic Networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research; London: Sage Publications, vol. 1(3): 385-405. (2001) 1:3.
[3] Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 75-78. (6).
[4] Borsari, B., & Carey, K. B. (2001). Peer influences on college drinking. A review of the research. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 391-424.

Abstract: The problem in this research was the low performance of the apparatus of the Government Secretariat Regional Seluma Regency of Bengkulu provinc affected by the less effective leadership from regional Secretary Seluma regency. The theory used to analyze the issue was leadership theory of Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) which the measurement of its effect on performance of thebureaucracywhichwill be illustrated through Full Range of Leadership (FRL) models.The research method used was quantitative method implemented by the approach of the survey. The data obtained by research instrument such as questionnaires and observation, followed by data analysis techniques in the form of descriptive data analysis and parametric statistical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).........

Keywords: Leadership, Transformational, Transactional, performance

[1] Adair John. 2006. Leadership and Motivation: The fifty-fifty rule and the eight key principles of motivating others.London. UK: Kogan page.
[2] Albrow, Martin. 1996. Aparatur. Terjemahan: M. Rusli Karim dan Totok Daryanto. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
[3] Al Rasyid, Harun. 1994. Tehnik Penarikan Sampel dan Penyusunan Skala. Bandung: PPS UNPAD.

Abstract: 'The present study reports the long-term effects of workplace bullying exposure on Romanian employees' physical strain. 73 (Mage=31.5; SDage=8.91) Romanian employees participated at baseline (t1-June-September 2012) and at follow-up six months later (t2. March 2013- June 2013). The results of the present article showed that workplace bullying consequences are more important for the long-term than for the short one. The results showed that workplace bullying predicted at time 1 only 6.2% of physical strain's variance while at time 2 it predicted 13.1% of physical strain's variance. These results emphasize that the more prolonged are workplace bullying acts the more physically strain Romanian employees will feel. It seems that the negative effects of workplace bullying exposure are more salient on long-term than on short-term.............

Keywords: workplace bullying, physical strain, long-term effects, cross-lagged panel design, regression analyses

[1] Brousse, G., Fontana, L., Ouchchane, L., Boisson, C., Gerbaud, L., Bourguet, D. et al. (2008). Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying. Occupational Medicine, 58(2), 122-128.
[2] Chirilă T. & Constantin T. (2014). Verifying the psychometric properties of two instruments measuring workplace bullying among Romanian employees. Annals of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Psychology Series, 3(1), 91-109, ISSN: 2069-1386.
[3] Cusack, S. (2000). Workplace bullying: icebergs in sight, sounding needed. Lancet, 356, 2118.
[4] De Lange, A.H.,Taris, T.W., Kompier, M.A.J., Houtman, I.L.D. & Bongers, P.M. (2004). The relationships between work characteristics and mental health:Examining normal, reversed and reciprocical relationships in a 4-wave-study. Work & Stress, 18, 149-166.

Abstract: 'The study examined the effect management of accounts payable on the financial performance of Industrial/Domestic manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The data were collected from the Annual Reports of the companies under study. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression technique. At the end of the study, the results showed that accounts receivable had positive and significant effects with the profitability ratio at 1% levels of significance. This means that unit increase in the variables shall bring about corresponding increase in the profitability ratio of the Building/Chemical and paint companies in Nigeria. Both Debt ratio and sales growth rate had negative and non-significant effect on these companies.............

Keywords: Payable, Profitability, and Multiple regression

[1] Ching, H.Y. Novazzi, A. and Gerab, F. (2011). Relationship between working capital management and profitability in Brazilian listed companies. Journal of global Business and Economics, 3, 75.
[2] Deloof, M. (2003). Does working capital management affect profitability of Belgian firm? Journal of Business finance and Accounting 30, (3 and 4), 573-587.
[3] Falope, O. I. and Ajilore, O.T. (2009). Working capital management and corporate profitability Evidence from panel Data Analysis of selected Quoted companies in Nigeria, research Journal of business management, 3, 73 – 84.
[4] Howorth, C.P. (2003). The focus of working capital management in Uk small firms. management accounting research, research 14, 97-111, Blackwell publishing.

[5] Gill, A. Biger, N. and Atnur, (2010). The relationship between working capital, management and profitability Evidence from the United state, Business and Economic Journal, vol. 2010, Bej – 10, 1-9.

Abstract: 'The study examined the effect of cash conversion cycle on the Financial performance of Building materials/chemical and paint manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Cash conversion cycle, receivable ratio, payable ratio, and inventory ratio are the variables studied in this study. Data were sourced from the annual reports of Health care companies in Nigeria. Generalized Least square multiple regression analytical tool was used to test the Hypotheses. The findings show that, Inventory ratio and Accounts receivable ratio had significant and positive effect on firms profitability, accounts payable ratio and Cash conversion cycle had positive and non- significant effect on firms' profitability..............

Keywords: workplace bullying, physical strain, long-term effects, cross-lagged panel design, regression analyses

[1] Charitou. M.S. Elfani, M. Lois, P. (2010). The effect of marking capital management on firm's profitability: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging market, Journal of Business and economic Research, 8, (12),
[2] Ching, H.Y. Novazzi, A. and Gerab, F. (2011). Relationship between working capital management and profitability in Brazilian listed companies. Journal of global Business and Economics, 3, 75.
[3] Deloof, M. (2003). Does working capital management affect profitability of Belgian firm? Journal of Business finance and Accounting 30, (3 and 4), 573-587.
[4] Falope, O. I. and Ajilore, O.T. (2009). Working capital management and corporate profitability Evidence from panel Data Analysis of selected Quoted companies in Nigeria, research Journal of business management, 3, 73 – 84.

[5] Howorth, C.P. (2003). The focus of working capital management in Uk small firms. management accounting research, research 14, 97-111, Blackwell publishing.