IOSR-JHSS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2017

Abstract: Worldwide, inequality of individual wealth and health is extreme, especially between rural and urban world. At the start of 2014, the richest 85 people on the planet owned as much as the poorest half of the humanity. Between March 2013 and March 2014, these 85 people grew $ 668 million richer each day. On the other extreme, rural billions are living in hand to mouth condition, resulting in farmers' suicide. The situation is no different in India. According to a study by the Asian Development Bank, the Gini coefficient has worsened in India between 1993 and 2009-10 going up from 33 to 37. There are great disparities in income distribution in India. Top 1 % population holds 48.7 % resources, top 10 % population holds 73.8 % resources while bottom...........

[1] UNICEF, "The Asian Enigma", The Progress of Nations, 1996.The Hindu, June 25, 2012, MacroScan - C.P.Chandra Sekhar, Jayanti Ghosh
[2] Democratic dividend can bridge the rural urban divide: Rohan Shridhar, Oct.27, 2014http://rural.nic.in/greenruraldevelopment/home.asp, http://drd.nic.in/
[3] http://www.thp.org/sai00/india/malnutrition.htm Rural poverty and agricultural performance in India:Montek S. Ahluwaliaa
[4] Prachi Salve, IndiaSpend.com · Jan 10, 2015 The Review of Rural Affairs - June 29, 2013
IWMI MGNREGA Assets and Rural Water Security 2011http://www.wunrn.com/news/2008/06_08/06_16_08/061608_india3.htm

Abstract: Mappila, the generic name for the Kerala-settled West Asian diaspora which gradually got integrated with the indigenous community, has undergone semantic narrowing to meanthe Muslims of North Kerala (Illias 436 fn. 4)since thetwentiethcentury. However, neither all Muslims of North Keralaare Mappilas nor is North Kerala the only place of Muslim Mappilas. Moreover, there are also non-Muslim Mappilas in Kerala. The West Asian trade settlements which came up in the southern, central, and northern Kerala established communities in those regions through marital alliances with the local community, and are qualified by words referring to their religious affiliations such as 'Jewish'(Yuda Mappila), 'Christian' (Nasrani Mappila) and 'Muslim' (Jonaka Mappila) (Malieckal 300; Županov 99).The meaning of the term got narrowed as Muslim Mappilas began asserting their identity due to political reasons that threatened their existence.

[1] Alexander, P. C. Buddhism in Kerala. Madras: Annamalai University, 1949.
[2] Benor, Sarah Bunin. Jewish Language Research Website. 19 September 2003. 4 November 2012. <http://www.jewish-languages.org/jewish-malayalam.html>.
[3] Burman, J. J. Roy. "Hindu-Muslim Syncretism in India." Economic and Political Weekly 31.20 (1996): 1211-1215. Web. 4 March 2015. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4404148>.

[4] Chiriyankandath, James. "Hindu nationalism and regional political culture in India: A study of Kerala." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2.1 (1996).
[5] Dale, Stephen Frederic. "The Hadrami Diaspora in South-Western India: The Role of the Sayyids of the Malabar Coast." (eds), U Freitag & W Clarence-Smith. Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s–1960s. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

Abstract: The period from the later part of the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century is a crucial phase of Assam history. From the advent of the colonial rule till the growth of the nationalistic aspirations, a new society with indications of modernity was gradually emerging. The emerging Assamese middle-class of that time was capable of adapting themselves to the changing situations. The new professional requirements ushered a change in their life style. Along with the material changes, equally significant was the change of attitude. It was rightly reflected in their personal life and family relations............

Keywords: Family Life, social history, Assamese middle class, generation conflict, modernity.

[1] Radhamany Sooryamoorthy, "The Indian Family: Needs for a Revisit". Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1. George Kurian.2012.Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41585377 on 31-03-2016.
[2] Pierre Bourdieu, "The School as a Conservative Force". Contemporary Research in the Sociology of ucation. trans. and ed. J. Eggleston. London: Metheuen, 1974.P.32.

[3] Padmanath Gohain Barooah, Mor Sonwarani. Guwahati: Publication Board, Reprint 1987. P.2.
[4] K. N. Venkatarayappa, Rural Society and Social Change. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1973. P.186.
[5] Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Mor Jivan Sowaran. Jorhat: Asam Sahitya Sabha, Reprint 1998.Pp.45-46

Abstract: Women Are Thought To Be The Weakest Species Upon The Earth. They Have To Live Within The Rules Of The Patriarchal Society Where The Patriarchs Are The Head Of Not Only The Family But Also Of The Society. Violence Over Them Seems To Be The Increasing Trend Of The Society. The Increase In Crimes Against Women Is Very Alarming Today. These Crimes Include Rape, Gang-Rape, Marital Rape, Acid Attacks, Molestation, Eve-Teasing, Dowry Death, Female Feticide, Sexual Harassments, Sexual Comments, Domestic Violence, Forced Sex And Many More. West Bengal Is Considered As The Province With Huge Population Density A Little More Than 900 People Per Square Km. Here The Ratio Of Female Population Along With Their Growth Of Literacy, Their Conditions Of Livelihood.............

Keywords – Rape, Gang-Rape, Marital Rape, Molestation, Dowry Death, Crimes Against Women, Violence.

Abstract: The present study is an attempt to find predictors of Human Rights Awareness among D.T.Ed., students of Cuddalore District. 100 samples were taken for the assessment about the human right awareness. Regression analysis was used to analyses the data with the help of IBM SPSS19.The result showed that Parental Occupation alone acted as predictor among personal variables. Among the sub samples International rights awareness is not contributing to the total Human Rights Awareness but Civil Right are the strongest contributor of Human Rights Awareness and Political Rights and Legal Rights successive contributor of Human Rights Awareness of the teacher trainees.

Key words :- Civil Rights, Cultural Rights, Educational Rights, Legal Rights, Political Rights, Social Rights and International Rights, Locality, Parental income, Parental Occupation.

[1] Afroz Alam & Abdul Wahab, (2015).A Study Of Human Rights Awareness Among Pre-Service Teacher Trainees Of Hyderabad, People's Dialogue on Education, 7(1).
[2] Agharuwhe, A. (2013), Students' and Human Rights Awareness in Secondary Schools' Environment in Delta State, Jep/ Ejournal of Eduction policy estabilished 2000.
[3] Ananthapriya, (2014). Compare the awareness about Human rights of mentally ill among the Male and Female caregivers of patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science,3(4).
[4] Ashraf.S, (2013). A Study of Human Rights Awareness among Prospective teachers, International Journal of scientific research,2(7).
[5] Bharathi.R & Sivarathanam.M, (2013). A study of High School Students Attitude Towards Child Rights,Indian Journal of Research in Education and Extension, 4(1).

Abstract: This research was aimed at determining the influence of principal managerial competency toward organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and teachers' productivity by mediation of interpersonal communication in State Vocational High School (SMK) South Tapanuli, North Sumatera. This research was mix research. Instruments were questionaire, interview and observation. 170 teachers in State Vocational High School (SMK) South Tapanuli with civil servant status were being respondents. The sampling technique using simple random sampling and analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS program assistance.............

Keywords: Managerial Competency, Teachers' Productivity, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Interpersonal Communication.

[1] Adeyemi, K. John. 2016. "Influence of Communication on Teachers' Job Performance". Tai Solarin University of Education: Ijagun. https://www.academia.edu/6789084/INFLUENCE_OF_COMMUNICATION_ON_TEACHERS_JOB_PERFORMANCE, accessed 25 August 2016
[2] Alam, Sutan Tinggibarani Perkasa. 2011. Tutur Poda. Tapanuli Selatan: MitraAli, Anees J. 2010. "Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Concern of Communication Satisfaction: The Role of the Formal and Informal Communication". International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 5, No. 10 page. 51 - 61

[3] Ärlestig, Helene. 2008. "Communication between Principals and Teachers in Successful Schools". Dissertation unpublished. Sweden: Umeå Universitet
[4] Azis, Abdul. 2014. "Principal's Trilogy Leadership Style and Teacher Productivity in Islamic Elementary School of East Java Province, Indonesia". Dissertation unpublished. Malang: UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim

Abstract: In 2004 Zimbabwe Introduced District Administrators In Urban Areas In A Bid To Improve Governance In This Area. However This Cadre Has Meet With Several Challenges Which Include Lack Of Specific Guiding Legislation, Lack Of Resources, Lack Of Community Leadership And Accountability Of Councils. On The Other Hand Urban Areas Have Benefited In Areas Of Housing Delivery Organization, Organization Of State Functions And Civic Protection Issues. This Paper Is Exposing These Challenges And Successes Of The Urban District Administrator Using The Harare Central District, Zimbabwe As An Example.

[1] Bongo P.P., Chipangura, P., Sithole M. And Moyo F, 2013, A Rights Based Analysis Of Disaster Risk Reduction Framework In Zimbabwe And Its Implications For Policy And Practice, In Journal Of Disaster Risk Studies 5(2) Article 81.
[2] Chikerema, A.,F., (2012), Citizen Participation And Local Democracy In Zimbabwean Local Government System, In Iosr Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (Iosr-Jhss) Volume 13, Issue 2 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), Page 87-90.
[3] Chirisa. I And Jonga. W, (2009), Urban Local Governance In The Crucible: Empirical Overtones Of Central Government Meddling In Local Urban Councils Affairs In Zimbabwe. Accessed On 20 January 2016. Retrieved At Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/26842227.
[4] Constitution Of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act, 2013.
[5] Combined Harare Residents Association (2014), The Green Paper On Zimbabwe's Local Government, Newlands, Harare

Abstract: In this article the author has reviewed the constructive and spatial structure of Muslim architecture of the mosques of Sunnis in Jordan. In the article the author provides a distinctive Distinctive architectural features of mosques of the Sunnis, considered the mosque of Aqaba, which is located in the main street of Aqaba, near the Rings of Khaya. Summarizing the archival research, as well as data on the extant mosques, the author of the article concluded that on the territory of Jordan volumetric-spatial decision of mosques were presented in three types: with a minaret on the roof; with a minaret above the entrance; with the adjacent volume of the minaret.

Keywords: Aqaba, the architectural ensemble of the mosque of Jordan, the Sunnis, the spatial structure of Muslim architecture.

[1] Всеобщая История Архитектуры : В 12 Т. / Н. В. Баранов (Гл. Ред.). - М. : Стройиздат. - Т. 8 : Архитектура Стран Средиземноморья. Африки И Азии VI-XIX Вв. / Ю. С. Яралов (Отв. Ред.). - 1969. - 490 С.
[2] Вейс Г. История Цивилизации: Архитектура, Вооружение, Одежда, Утварь: Иллюстрированная Энциклопедия В 3-Х Томах. «Темные Века», «Средневековье». IV–XIV Вв. Т.II. М.: ЭКСМО-ПРЕСС, 1998. С 147–148.
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[4] Гаврилюк Н.А., Ибрагимова А.М. Тюрбе Хана Хаджи Герая (По Материалам Археологических Исследований 2003–2008 Гг.). Киев- Запорожье: Дикое Поле, 2010. 176 С.
[5] Кононенко Е. И. Анатолийские Мечети Великих Сельджуков: Архитектурные И Политические Ориентиры // Искусствознание. 2015. № 3–4.

Abstract: The Republic of Benin and the Federal Republic of Nigeria are two multilingual countries. Those two countries are brothers not only by their geographical position, but also through their peoples. Both countries have been colonized by two different European countries, namely and respectively by the French and the English peoples. That added to the many existing languages the one of the colonizer which therefore became the official language with a particular status. That status made French the lingua franca in Benin and English the lingua franca in Nigeria, among the different ethnic groups of the two countries.............

Keywords: Multilingual, borrowing, code-switching, literate speakers, linguistic phenomena

[1] Essizewa, E. K. (2006a). Sociolinguistic Aspects of Kabiye-Ewe Bilingualism in Togo. Ph. D Dissertation, New York University.
[2] Essizewa, K. E. (2009). Kabiye-French code-switching: a case study of student at Université de Lomé. In Geste et Voix, Revue scientifique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi.
[3] Essizewa, K. (2011). Sociolinguistic Factors for Code-Switching in a Bilingual Community: a case study of Kabiye-French Bilingual Speakers. In Particip'Action, Vol.3, N°1, Revue Scientifique, Universitéde Lomé.
[4] Forson, B. (1979).Code-switching in Akan-English Bilingualism. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Los Angelos.
[5] Jakobson, R. (1979). Code-switching in South Texas. In Journal of the Linguistic Association of the Southwest, vol.3.

Abstract: The present study examined 85 parents' perceptions of their child with learning disabilities (LD) Internet usage, cyberbullying and traditional bullying involvement, as related their child's social support, loneliness and depressive mood. Results revealed that most parents reported that their child was rarely involved in cyberbullying, as victim or as bully, and more involved in traditional bullying. Most parents suggested reporting the authorities when getting involved with cyberbullying, while half of them suggested consulting an adults concerning traditional bullying. Positive correlations were obtained between the child being a victim of traditional bullying, lower social support, feeling loneliness, and depressive mood, and between cyber-victimization and depressive mood, whereas a cyber-perpetrator was negatively correlated with family support and depressive mood.

[1] Asher, S.R., Hymel, S., & Renshaw, P. D. (1984). Loneliness in children. Child Development, 55 (4), 1456-1464.
[2] Brighi, A., Melotti, G., Guarini, A., Genta, M.L., Ortega, R., Mora-Merchan, J., Smith, P.K., & Thompson, F. (2012). Self-esteem and loneliness in relation to cyberbullying in three European countries. In: Q. Li., D. Cross, & P. K. Smith (Eds.), Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives (pp. 32-56). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
[3] USA Statistical Data (2014). Bullying in school and cyberbullying statistics. Retrieved from http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/school-bullying-statistics.html/ and http://nobullying.com/cyber-bullying-statistics-2014/
[4] Campbell, M., Spears, B., Slee, P., Butler, D., & Kift, S. (2012). Victims' perceptions of traditional and cyberbullying, and the psychosocial correlates of their victimization. Emotional & Behavioral Difficulties, 17(3/4), 389-401.

Abstract: Nigeria and Cameroon have long standing cordial relations even before the coming of the Europeans. With the coming of the imperialists and subsequent colonization of the Africa, borders were created albeit artificially which became source of dispute between African states and Nigeria and Cameroon as well. The dispute endured for a long period of time until when Cameroon took the case to the ICJ and settled in 2002. The case officially was over but the displaced people of the Peninsula who are neither happy with Nigeria............

Keywords: Bakassi, Nigeria, Cameroon, Border, Boundary, Delineation, militancy, treaty.

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Abstract: This particular study titled "Assessing the motor skill development of kindergartens in Sri Lanka: Special Reference to Gampaha Divisional Secretariat". This study was thoroughly undertaken by the researchers by focusing on the problem how physical development of children who are studying in kindergarten level is differ through gross motor skills and fine motor skills. There were three objectives set to be achieved by this study, which include a key objective namely to determine the physical development level of children in Gampaha GN Division. Researchers carried out an extensive literature review to provide a conceptual background of the study and to formulate hypotheses for this study.............

Keywords: Physical development motor skills, fine motor skills, Gross motor Skills

[1] Anon., 2015. Cognitive Development - Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Modern views, [Online] [Accessed 1 December 2015].
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[3] Callender, S. A., 2007. Gross and Fine motor act Activities for Early Childood. Infants and Toddlers.Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., Burchinal, M., Kainz, K., Pan, Y., Wasik, B. H. (2012) Adultoutcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: An Abecedarian Project follow-up,Developmental Psychology, volume 16.
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[5] Matthew, S. & Goodman (2008) Disorders& Issues. UrieBronfenbrenner and Child Development.National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2007) The science of early childhood development. www.developingchild.harvard.edu/library/.

Abstract: This paper investigate the levels of students' academic self-efficacy beliefs and relationship between academic self-efficacy with students' academic performance among final year students' in one of Nigerian Colleges of education. Questionnaire was used as the means of data collection. A total sample of 339 respondents who were stratified and randomly selected from five faculties of the College participated in the research. The respondents were between the age of 19 to 34 years old with mean age equals 23.19 (SD= 2.64). The findings revealed that, 80.82% of the respondents have higher levels of academic self-efficacy in the College..............

Keywords: Academic Self-Efficacy, Academic Performance, Relationship, College Students

[1] Adediwura, A. A., &Tayo, B. (2007). Perception of teachers' knowledge, attitude and teaching skills as predictor of academic performance in Nigerian secondary schools. Educational Research and Reviews, 2(7), 165.

[2] Adeyemo, D. A. (2007). Moderating influence of emotional intelligence on the link between academic self-efficacy and achievement of university students. Psychology & Developing Societies, 19(2), 199-213.
[3] Ando, M., Asakura, T. (2007) Psychosocial factors associated with smoking and drinking among Japanese early Adolescents boys and girls: Cross-sectional study. Biopsychosocial Medicine, 1 (13), 1-10.
[4] Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
[5] Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company

Abstract: This study purposes to analyze the roles of Yogyakarta's government, along with the authorities in strengthening religious tolerance. It is analyzed through structural and cultural approaches. Structural approach is the bureaucrat approach of the various governmental institutions related to the religion development, especially in the aspect of religious tolerance. Also, the model of personal communication design development of religion offered in this study is expected to be a model in developing the communication system of religion. Moreover, the cultural approach is built on the basis of society by analyzing the optimization of the cultural value and local wisdom in the society, as well as seeing how much local wisdom and culture which exist in the society play a role in the process of strengthening religious tolerance. This study used qualitative approach with critical analysis...........

Keywords: Religion Development Communication Design, Strengthening the Religious Tolerance

[1]. A.Kholil, 2008. Agama Dan Ritual Slametan (Deskripsi-Antropologis Keberagamaan Masyarakat Jawa) Jurnal Budaya Islam El-Harakah. Vol.10,N0.3, September-Desember 2008. hal. 187-202
[2]. Abdullah, I., 2002. Simbol Makna dan Pandangan Hidup Jawa. Analisis Gunungan Pada Upacara Grebeg. Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional. Yogyakarta
[3]. Abdullah, I., dkk, 2008. Agama dan Kearifan Lokal Dalam Tantangan Global. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta.

[4]. Badan Pusat statistik Kota Yogyakarta, 2014. Kota Yogyakarta Dalam Angka 2014. Pemerinthahan kota Yogyakarta.
[5]. Creswell Jhon W, Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitaive, Mixe MethodsApproaches, edisi Terjemahan, Reseach Design, Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed, 2010, Cet.I, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakart

Abstract: A judge is an important element in implementing Islamic Shari'ah. The judge is a person who takes a responsibility for maintaining and sustaining the laws 'in order to uphold truth and justice. Therefore, Islam gives a strict requirement for someone who wants to be appointed as judges. The goal is to make sure the person holding the position of judge is really the authoritative, extensive knowledge, and trustworthy. In the process of removal of judges, there are three possible successors are chosen by Imam. First, a judge is not better than the first judge. Second, replacement of judges at least have the same quality............

Keywords: Judges; Islamic Law; Indonesian Law; Islamic Court; Imam

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