IOSR-JHSS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2017

Abstract: Residential accommodation in major cities in Nigeria is limited and often very expensive to rent. The value of residential accommodation however varies from one location to the other. This study attempted to study the spatial trends in the value of student accommodation in southern Nigerian universities. The study adopted the cross sectional research design and to this end used both primary and secondary data. The study relied on Taro Yamane formula and the proportional allocation method to determine the sample size and to distribute the sampled respondents across the various selected universities respectively. In all, 798 respondents were interviewed using the structured and semi structured questionnaire...........

Keywords: Student accommodation; Rent

[1] Esenwa, F.O. (2012). Proposal on private sector participation in university hostel development and management, department of physical planning and development, National Universities Commission, Abuja.
[2] Ekwowusi, S. (2012). "Population growth as impetus to sustainable development, The Guardian newspaper, Thursday, September 27 pg 54
[3] Osunade,O and C.O Ogundele (2012). "Evaluation of the University of Ibadan website using webometric ranking parameters," Transnational Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (3): 53
[4] June, A. W. (2006). Facilities play a key role in students' enrollment decisions, study finds [Electronic version]. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 51(21). Retrieved November 26, 2013, from http://chronicle.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu
[5] Mbee, D.M. (2016) Determinants of student housing in southern Nigerian universities. Unpublished Ph.D thesis. Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt

Abstract: In the present study to get the structure type of buildings, ground survey and rapid visual screening technique has been used. By using this technique, 1832 buildings have been covered. GIS and Remote Sensing data has used to analyze the spatial information of the satellite image. The aim of this study is evaluation of differential seismic vulnerability of the building stock in Chukhuwla ward (ward no 13) of Dehradun city. Arc GIS 9.2 software has been used for digitizing, analysis and preparing thematic maps. According to seismic zonation map of India (IS-1893-2002) Dehradun lies in seismic zone IV, Injury Severity Level 4 formula has used to know the Indoor causalities for complete structural damage of Chukkhuwala, Dehradun.

Keywords:- Rapid Visaul screening, GIS and RS, Vulnerability of building, Arc GIS, Thematic Map, Seismic Zonation map of India, Injury Severity Level 4, Chukhuwala ward (ward no 13), Dehradun.

[1] Appendix A: Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) of Buildings

[2] Blaikie, P. Cannon, T. Davis, I. and Wisner, B. (1994) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08476-8. 1st edition. Spanish edition (1997).
[3] Government of India, Ministry of Home affairs, Disaster Management in India.
[4] HAZUS- MH Technical Manual (Chapter 13.Direct Social Losses-Causalities).
[5] Sinha, R. and A. Goyal: A National Policy for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings and Procedure for Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Vulnerability. Mumbai.

Abstract: The level of reliance on the internet as a major source of information and entertainment has tremendously increased all over the world in the past years. Children in particular are encouraged to use the internet for purposes of accessing educational materials and socializing with friends and relatives. However, some of them come across material which may not necessarily be safe for the under aged. Similarly, others meet people online who may not have positive influence on them. In other words, in as much as the internet is beneficial to children, there are a number of risks that they face from time to time. It is thus agreeable that parents should have knowledge of such risks and as a result regulate the internet content to which their children get exposed. This paper examines the level of awarenessof such risks among parents in upmarket areas. The discussions are based on literature review and a study carried out at an up market residential area in Nairobi, Kenya in August 2015.

[1] Livingstone, S. (2013). Children and the Internet. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons

[2] Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., and Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: Theperspective of European children.Full Findings. LSE, London: EU Kids Online
[3] Rogers, V. (2010).Cyberbullying: Activities to help children and teens to stay safe in a texting, twittering, social networking world. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
[4] Ross, C. C. (2012, August Monday). Psychology Today. Retrieved October Sunday 23rd, 2016, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/real-healing/201208/overexposed-and-under-prepared-the-effects-early-exposure-sexual-content.
[5] Hirsch, L. (2014, June). Kids Health . Retrieved October Sunday, 2016, from http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cyberbullying.html

Abstract: The news is a sacred national duty, a moral and moral obligation dictated by considerations of good citizenship and noble human values to preserve the safety and integrity of society and its social structure, but this should be true, not detrimental to others. Some people, due to many considerations and motives, may use the right of news to beat people as a result of the recording of malicious reports by the competent authorities. On the basis of this we will address the concept of false news crime and its definition and its elements in Iraqi law as well as assess the position of Iraqi law in terms of punitive laws and their role in reducing this crime.

[1] Consultant Sabri Mahmoud Al-Ra'i, Mr. Reda Al-Sayed Abdul-Ati, Comprehensive in the crimes of defamation, slander and false communication, Nass Printing Company, Cairo, 2012, p. 92. .
[2] Mohammed Abdul-Jazzah, the crime of false news in Iraqi law and comparative law, Sabah Press, Baghdad, 2011, p. 119(.
[3] Dr.. Mahmoud NaguibHusni, Explanation of the Penal Code, Special Section, 1978, p. 673.).
[4] Abd al-Qader Muhammad al-Qaisi: The author and journalist Anbari, Baghdad, 2009..p.36.

Abstract: Criminals often try to conceal the evidence of the commission of the crime. The use of certain means to detect the crime must have been used. The newly discovered scientific means have contributed to the identification of the evidence of crimes by collecting, examining and analyzing them. The field of modern technology and the medical and psychological field has a great impact on the detection of criminals and their motives.That the development in the field of organized crime by criminal gangs of scientific and technical methods in the commission of crimes prompted States to encourage scientific research and the invention...........

[1] Dr.. Mohamed Fathy, Criminal Psychology note and action, c 1, i 4, Press Happiness, Cairo, 1969, p. 285.
[2] RamziRiadAwad, The Criminal Judge's Power in Estimating Evidence, Comparative Study, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2010, p. 153.
[3] Muhammad Sami al-Nabarawi, interrogation of the accused, Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1968, 1969, p.115
[4] Dr. Sami Sadeq Al-Mulla, Confession of the Accused I 2, International Press, Cairo, 1975, p. 180.
[5] Dr.NisreenAbdelhamidNabih, Is it permissible to resort to hypnosis and narcotic drugs as a means to lure the accused to find out the truth during investigations, i., Al-Wafa Legal Library, Alexandria, 2010, p. 7.

Abstract: There are several routes for becoming a citizen, and the focus in this section is on the general naturalization rules. Spouses and partners can commonly acquire citizenship more quickly and easily than several other types of immigrants. The acquisition of citizenship for refugees is also easier in several states, and several states outline preferential treatment of persons on the basis of origin. When a person acquires the nationality of the country, this entitles him to many rights and sets out many duties. If the migrant fulfills the conditions set by the laws of the host State, he / she becomes a citizen.

Key Words: Naturalized, Immigrant, a citizen, a nation-state, membership, the legal, reasonable, obligations, non-citizen, education, economic.

[1] Bloemraad, Irene (2006), Becoming a Citizen: Incorporating Immigrants and Refugees in the United States and Canada. Berkeley: University of California Press.
[2] Brubaker, Rogers. 1992, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
[3] Ghaleb Ali Aldawoody. International Private Law, Legal Library, Baghdad, 4th Edition, 2010.
[4] Helder De Schutter Lea Ypi, Mandatory citizenship for immigrants,British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, 2015.
[5] Madeleine Sumption and Sarah Flamm. The Economic Value of Citizenship for Immigrants in the United States.Migration Policy Institute. 2012.

Abstract: For more than five decades, Nigerian basket of achievement has not recorded an appreciable outcome. This is in spite of its unparallel endowment in human capital and mineral resources. In fact, the country was considered a leading light that would lead Africa out of the cocoon of colonialism and underdevelopment. The rising expectations were predicated on the fact that the new era of governance would lay a ground work for human development and respect of human freedom. Unfortunately, six years after political independence, there were palpable signs of failure and regression. By the twenty-first century, Nigeria has been reduced to a country with bleak prospects, and unmitigated corruption. The aftermath is that there is a heightened venerability of the country's political economy.............

Key Words: Leadership, Political Economy, Colonialism, Human Security, Development.

[1] Achebe, C. (1983). The trouble with Nigeria. Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers.
[2] Adebayo, A. G. (1988). Postwar economy and foreign policy: Gowon and the oil boom, 1970-1975. In Falola and Ihonvbere, Nigeria and the international capitalist system. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
[3] Adei, S. (2004). Leadership and nation building. Accra: Challenge Enterprises of Ghana.
[4] Airaksinen, T. (2009). Fortune is a woman: Machiavelli on luck and virtue. Finland: Department of Ethics and Social Philosophy, University of Helsinki.
[5] Ake, C. (1996). Democracy and development. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.

Abstract: The business community requires transparent corporate reports to ensure that investment decisions are not based on materially misstated financial statements. This implies that corporate managers, auditors, board of directors, investors and regulatory agencies urgently need to be able to detect and prevent potential earnings frauds. The literature review seeks to improve understanding of the fraudulent financial statement anatomy, its factors, motivations and antecedents- the knowledge of which can improve our detection and prevention ability. The "fraud triangle" is portrayed as an efficient model for understanding antecedents to fraud. Concurring with Zahra, Priem and Rasheed (2005), the paper calls for further research to understand the motivational factors of fraud behaviour as well as adopting forensic accounting techniques to enhance the probability of detecting fraud in a timely, cost effective manner.

Key Words: Accounting frauds, fraud triangle, financial fraud

[1] Abbott, L.J., Parker, S. and Peters, G.F. (2004). Audit Committee Characteristics and Restatements. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 23 (March): 69–88.
[2] Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession (ACAP). (2008). Final Report of the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession. Washington, DC: United States Department of the Treasury.
[3] Albrecht, C., Albrecht, W., Dunn, J. (2001). Conducting a Pro-Active Fraud Audit: A Case Study. Journal of Forensic Accounting, 2, 203-218.
[4] Albrecht, W., Albrecht, C., and Albrecht, C. (2004). Fraud and Corporate Executives: Agency, Stewardship and Broken Trust. Journal of Forensic Accounting, 5, 109-130.
[5] American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). (2002). Statement on Auditing Standards No. 99: Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit. New York, NY: AICPA

Abstract: The essence of this Paper to look beyond the debate on corporate criminal liability in Nigeria which clearly has been exhausted and hinged on established principles of English law and half a century of judicial reviews by English and Nigerian courts. The primary aim is to tread the uncharted path of determining the nature , level and basis of attributing wilful blindness of those considered the company's 'directing minds and will' to the company itself in money laundering and terrorism financing prosecution. Thus the applicability of the alter ego doctrine will lay the intellectual and jurisprudential analysis of the doctrine of wilful blindness as an offshoot of the larger concept of corporate criminal liability in Nigeria. More importantly the Paper will look at the determination of criminal intent of Directors of a company and criminal liability of the company itself.

Key Words: Willful Blindness, Alter ego, Respondeat Superior, Directing Mind, Attribution Principles, Mens Rea

[1] Leigh, "The Alter Ego of a Company" (1965) 28 M.L.R. 584 at 585.P. Watts, "The Company's Alter Ego—an Impostor in Private Law" (2000) 116 L.Q.R. 525. The argument is developed further in P. Watts, "Imputed Knowledge in Restitutionary Claims—Rationales and Rations", in S. Degeling and J. Edelman, Unjust Enrichment in Commercial Law (Sydney: Thomson Reuters, 2008) at Ch.21.
[2] P. Watts, "Auditors and Corrupt Clients" (2009) 125 L.Q.R. 38 at 41
[3] Pamela H. Bucy, Why Punish?, Trends in Corporate Criminal Prosecutions(1988)44 Am. CRIM. L. REV. 1287,
[4] Patricia S. Abril & Ann Morales Olazbal, The Locus of Corporate Scienter,(2006) COLuM. Bus. L. REV. 81,
[5] Eli Lederman, Models for Imposing Corporate Criminal Liability: From Adaptation and Imitation Toward Aggregation and the Search for Self-Identity (2000) 4 BuFF. CRIm. L. REV. 641, 666

Abstract: This study investigated the impact of social media use on the academic performance of students of the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State. Survey approach with the use of questionnaire was employed in gathering data for the study. Two hypotheses were formulated and data were collected using a questionnaire tagged Social Media Use and Students' Academic Performance Scale (SMUSAPS) The population comprises all students of the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro but the sampling was confined to only the HND students. 70 HND students were randomly selected from each of the five schools of the Institutions – Applied Science, Communication and Information Technology, Engineering, Environmental Studies and Management Studies to make a total of 350 students selected as sample for the study.............

Key Words: Academic Performance, ICT, Learning, Polytechnic Students and Social Media

[1] Asur, S. &. Huberman, B. A. (2010). Predicting the Future with Social Media. California: Palo Alto.
[2] Owusu-Acheaw, M. & Larson, A. G. (2015). Use of Social Media and its Impact on Academic Performance of Tertiary Institution Students: A Study of Students of Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.6 (6).
[3] Ezeah G. H., Asogwa, C. E. & Obiorah, E. I. (2013). Social Media Use among Students of Universities in South-East Nigeria. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Vol. 16 (3).
[4] Asemah E. S., Okpanachi R. A., and Edegoh L. O.N. (2013). Influence of Social Media on the Academic Performance of the Undergraduate Students of Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.3 (12) Retrieved on 10th March, 2017 from www.iiste.org
[5] Waleed M. A. & Mohd S. O. (n.d). The Impact of Social Media use on Academic Performance among university students: A Pilot Study. Journal of Information Systems Research And Innovation

Abstract: The most distinctive feature of the present Indian society is the emergence of different guru-cults or sects which have attracted a large number of devotion from all over the world. These religious movements have tried to interpret the modern way of life within the framework of tradition which has helped the devotees to cooperate with the fast changing world and has also helped them to maintain a balance the worldly life and the spiritual life.

Key Words: Guru, Householder, Renunciation, Hinduism, salvation

[1]. Dumont, Louis(1960). 'World Renunciation In Indian Religions" in Contributions to Indian Sociology, No.IV.
[2]. Dumont, Louis(1970). Homo-Hierarchicus: The Caste System And Its Implications, Vikas Publications.
[3]. Ghurye, G.S(1969). Caste and Race in India, Bombay Popular Book
[4]. Heesterman, J.C.(1982), "Householder And Wanderer" in T.N.Madan(ed.), Way of Life: King, Householder and Renouncer. Oxford University Press.
[5]. Khushwant Singh(1973)."Godmen and Their Disciples" in Illustrated Weekly of India, 18 March.