IOSR-JHSS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2020

Abstract: This essay focused on the essential elements in Pashtu poem and through research it is found that Pashtu poem has essential component such as, poetic language that creation of the great literary workwithout language is impossible. Literature is art of the language.Poems are as much connected to the language that no other literary work does.In addition, other component isrhythm in poem, it is the repetition of the similar sound among the orderly, equally, timely pauses. Rhythm in literature and especially in poems is an effective part.Moreover, in each poem there is a kind of thought and the existence of thought is not just the poetic reason but the thought must have poetic form manifestation. Just selection of thought has no roles inpoem but its expression in poem in an artistic......

[1]. Rohi, Mohammad Sidiq, (1379), Shariat means what?Safidmujla, tenth and eleventh volume , Kabul.
[2]. Ziar, mojawer Ahmad, (1398), Pashtu Badalmeg, Peshawer : Danish social publication
[3]. Shinwari, Dost, (1365) Basics of literature, Kabul governmental press.
[4]. Marhoon, Mahmood, (2014) Pashtu poems spiritual components, Kabul social press.
[5]. Darmal, Ihssanulla, (2018),Shahristan, Kabul: Sorosh book selling.

Abstract: Smart Phones are a class of mobile phones and of multi-purpose mobile computing devices. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet (including web brow cameras, and gaming over mobile broadband), and multimedia functionality (including music, video),alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smart phone have radically changed people's lives. The unmanaged and excess use of smart phone also has a negative effect on a person's health like that Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDs), Sleep Deprivation, Brain Cancer, increase Stress Level and vision problems etc. The purpose of the article is to provide knowledge and information of access use of mobile and suffering different types of problems like that, neck pain, shoulder, headache, visual problems etc

[1]. Gustafsson Ewa (2009), "Physical exposure, musculoskeletal symptoms and attitudes related to ICT use." Institute of medicine. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine. Vol.20,(1), Page no 127-135.
[2]. Acharya, P, Jayanti, (2013), "A study on some of the common health effects cell phones amongst college student." International Journal of Community Medicine & Health Education. Page no, 3-4.
[3]. Sarwar, M.,& Soomru, T.R. (2013), Impact of smartphone's on society. European Journal of scientific research, 98 (2) 216-226.
[4]. Abu-Shanab, E., & Haddad, E. (2015). The influence of smart phones on human health and behavior: jordanians' Perceptions. International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, 2(2), 52-56.
[5]. Nath, A., & Mukherjee, S. (2015). Impact of Mobile Phone/Smartphone: A pilot study on positive and negative effects. International Journal, 3(5), 294-302.

Abstract: Expository learning strategy is a series of learning activities that emphasize the delivery of facts, ideas and important information to students sourced from textbooks, references, or personal experiences using lecture techniques, demonstrations, and study reports. This strategy aims to provide knowledge and skills that are considered important to students. There are two main advantages of this strategy, namely in terms of time and supervision. This learning strategy is more appropriate to explain the relationship between several concepts and is more suitable to be applied to fifth and sixth grade students. The expository learning strategy procedure consists of three stages, namely (1) at the introduction stage the teacher conveys the main points of the material to be discussed and the learning objectives.......

Key Notes:- Expository Learning Strategy, Definition, Goal, Profit, and Procedure

[1]. Ausubel, D. P., Novak, J. D., and Hanesian, H. Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978.
[2]. Beckman, P. Strategy Instruction. 2004
(http://ercec.org/digests/e638.html).
[3]. Carin, A. A. and Sund, R. B. Teaching Science Through Discovery. Colombus, Ohio: Merril Publishing Company, 1989.
[4]. Dick, W. and Carey, L. The Systematic Design of Instruction. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers, 1996.
[5]. Jacobsen, D., Eggen, P. and Kauchack, D. Methods for Teaching: A Skill Approach. Colombus, Ohio: Merril Publishing Company, 1989.

Abstract: Introduction: Professional College is recognized as a stressful environment that often exerts a negative effect on the academic performance, physical health and psychological wellbeing of the student. Depression among professional College students is an area of increasing concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Unhappiness and its associated factors among students of Kolar district. Materials and methods: A Simple random sample of 430 students was assessed using separate questionnaire by investigators. Association between unhappiness and class of studying, age group, social factors like family problems, family history of depression and staying away from home....

Key words: Depression, Professional, Prevalence, sadness, suicidal thoughts, loss of pleasure, past failure

[1]. Hammen C. Life events and depression: The plot thickens. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1992 Apr 1;20(2):179-93.
[2]. Hammen C, Brennan PA. Depressed adolescents of depressed and non-depressed mothers: Tests of an Interpersonal Impairment Hypothesis. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2001 Apr;69(2):284.
[3]. Van Praag HM. Can stress cause depression?. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2004 Aug 1;28(5):891-907.
[4]. Dahlin M, Joneborg N, Runeson B. Stress and depression among medical students: A cross‐sectional study. Medical education. 2005 Jun;39(6):594-604.
[5]. Mui AC, Kang SY. Acculturation stress and depression among Asian immigrant elders. Social Work. 2006 Jul 1;51(3):243-55

Abstract: Background: An increase in proportions of older population over the world population is a global reality and the same fate is happening in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Considering the situation of elderly in Africa, the African Union Commission in 2004 launched the Policy Framework and Plan of Action (AU – Plan) in order to raise awareness on African countries in the formulation and implementation of policies that address issues of ageing. Although, available few ageing policies in African countries have made significant progress towards the implementation of the MIPAA and AU – Plan but not much has been achieved with the implementation of those policies. This paper tries to assess the implementation of National Aging Policy of 2003 by exploring policy understandings with regards to lower level government leaders "street level bureaucrats" and elderly in the selected local authorities in Dodoma region, Tanzania Materials and Methods: The study......

Key Word: National ageing policy, policy implementation, elderly, street level bureaucrats

[1]. Age International. (2015). Facing the facts: The truth about ageing and development. London.
[2]. Agwanda, A., & Amani, H. (2014). Population Growth , Structure and Momentum in Tanzania (No. 61). Dar es Salaam.
[3]. Global Watch Index. (2018) at http://www.globalagewatch.org/countries/country-profile/?country=Tanzania accessed on 10th May, 2020
[4]. HelpAge International. (2013). The state of older people in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: HelpAge International Tanzania.
[5]. Hill, H. C. (2003). Understanding Implementation : Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 13(3), 265–282. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mug024

Abstract: The future of the liberal international order seems to be at stake, and therefore, has generated a lot of academic debate around a possible international order transition. Despite the growing number of analyses on this topic, we argue that, similarly to traditional scholarship on IR theory, the focus has been on material factors such as military or economic power, leaving behind some other crucial issues in the process of international order-making. With that in mind, our goal is to examine which global challenges should really be taken into consideration by IR scholars when studying and researching emerging world orders. Our research design is built upon a qualitative and inductive approach, based on literature review. Our main conclusions were that, differently from what mainstream scholarship in IR has been proposing, the biggest challenges faced by international society nowadays - in the context of a transient world order - may not be related at all with the dispute between the US and China for global dominance, they may be more related to greater obstacles human civilization has yet to overcome.

Keywords: International relations. International order. Transition. Global challenges.

[1]. Bonikowski, Bart. "Three lessons of contemporary populism in Europe and the United States". Brown Journal of World Affairs 23, no. 1 (2020): 9-24. http://bjwa.brown.edu/23-1/three-lessons-of-contemporary-populism-in-europe-and-the-united-states/.
[2]. Bieber, Florian. "Is nationalism on the rise? Assessing Global Trends". Ethnopolitics 17, no. 5 (2018): 519-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2018.1532633.
[3]. Linn, Johannes. "Recent Threats to Multilateralism". Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 9, no. 1-3 (2017): 86-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063417747765.[4]. Frieden, J. "The Backlash Against Globalization and the Future of the International Economic Order." In The Crisis of Globalization: Democracy, Capitalism, and Inequality in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Patrick Diamond, 43–52. London: I.B. Tauris, 2019.
[5]. Walker, William O. The rise and decline of the American century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018

Abstract: This article discusses the development of small and medium enterprisesthrough training in Zimbabwe. It is an excerpt of a complete PhD thesis of which thesubjects of study were registered small and medium entrepreneurs in Bulawayo. A sample of 171 out of a total of 300 small and medium entrepreneurs was selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews of selected respondents from the enterprises. The respondents were selected from different categories of employees ranging from managers to low level workers. The results of the study indicated that there is need for medium enterprises to embrace training as a factor in development and that there should be government support through the provision of foreign currency to the business sector to facilitate trading with international markets. The focus in this article ison the independent variable of training, one of the factors discovered in the results of the study.

[1]. Aja-Okorie, U., &Adali, O. (2013). Achieving Youth Empowerment Through Repositioning Entrepreneurial Education In Nigerian Universities: Problems and Prospects. Department of Educational Foundations Faculty of Education, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki.European Scientific Journal. Vol.9, No.34
[2]. Akhuemonkhan, I., Raimi, L. and Sofoluwe, A. (2013).Entrepreneurship Education and Employment Stimulation in Nigeria.Journals of studies in Social Sciences. Volume 3, 55-79.
[3]. Amadi, U. P. (2012).Agricultural entrepreneurship development for youth empowerment in Nigeria: Constraints and Initiatives for Improvement. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2(10), 107-114.
[4]. Ariyo,D. (2000). "Small Firms Are the Backbone of the Nigeria Economy."Africa Economic Analysis.http://www.afbis.com/analysis/small.htm
[5]. Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., &Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta–analytic review. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 38(2), 217-254

Abstract: Human capital development presupposes investments, activities, and processes facilitating the generation of technical and expert knowledge; skills, health or values that are embodied in people. It implies maintaining an appropriate balance and key massive human resource base and providing an encouraging environment for all individuals to be fully engaged and contribute to organizational or national goals. Human capital development is necessary for National development. In addition, human capital development teaches people how to utilize the advantages of diverse thinking styles (analytical and intuitive) so that they achieve the best practical solutions. The study examined human capital investment on poverty reduction as a catalyst for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The broad objective of the study is to analyze the effect of human capital investment on the Nigerian economy from 1990 to2018. The data used for the study were sourced from the central bank statistical bulletin......

Key words: Human capital, Poverty Reduction, Sustainable Development, National Goals, Human Resources, Budgetary Allocation

[1]. Ajayi, Olatunde O. (2018) Evaluation of government intervention in actualising millennium development goal one of poverty reduction in Ogun State. Nigeria. University of Benin, Benin city, Edo State, Nigeria. (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis)
[2]. Akinbode, S. O. (2013). Profiles and determinants of poverty among urban households in South-West Nigeria. American Journal of Economics, 3(6), 322-329.
[3]. Amaghionyeodiwe L. A. and S. Osinubi (2014) Poverty Reduction Policies and Pro -Poor Growth in Nigeria. Brazilian Electronic Journal of Economics 6(J).
[4]. Aminu U. (2012) "Human Capital: Education and Health in Economic Growth and Development of the Nigerian Economy" British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences Vol 2 (1).
[5]. Anyanwu, S.O., Adam, J.A., Obi, B., Yelwa, M. (2015), Human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(14), 16-26.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of selected parental characteristics variables on career choice decision among senior high school students in the Kwahu-East District. Picking a profession is a critical choice that impacts a person's whole future. Numerous studentsgraduate from high school and are
unacquainted with career processes and choices. These students will in general join up with institutions of higher learning, trusting that time will permit them to settle on a choice and harden their future. Accordingly, these students sit around idly and uncertain of what is in store from life. The correlation and descriptive survey
designs were employed to conduct the study. A total sample of 800 was selected using purposive, simple random as well as stratified sampling procedures. Questionnaire and Parental Career Behaviour Checklist were used as data collection instruments. Pearson Product Moment Correlation as well as multiple regression analysis
procedures were used to analyze the data for this study.The results of the study show that parents‟ income level influence students‟ career choice. The study also established that.......

Keywords: Parental Characteristics, Decision Making, Career Choice, and Students

[1]. Aley, M. R., Levine, K. J., & Levine, K. J. (2020). From Whom Do Young Adults Actively Seek Career Information ? An Ego-network Analysis of Vocational Anticipatory Socialization From Whom Do Young Adults Actively Seek Career Anticipatory Socialization. Communication Studies, 71(2), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2020.1735465
[2]. Andrew, G., & Holmes, A. G. (2019). Constructivist Learning in University Undergraduate Programmes . Has Constructivism been Fully Embraced ? Is there Clear Evidence that Constructivist Principles have been Applied to all Aspects of Contemporary University Undergraduate Study ? International Journal of Education, 8(1), 7–15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.34293/%0Aeducation.v8i1.819
[3]. Aswani, J. S. (2012). Some of the home environment factors that influence educational and occupational aspirations of standards eight pupils. Unpublished master's thesis,Kenyatta University
[4]. Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research. 12th ed. Belmont, AC: Wadsworth
[5]. Batshaw, K. L. (2003). Family Matters: The Influence of the Family in Career Decision Making. London, UK: Jill Printers