IOSR-JHSS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2020

Abstract: Etulo belongs to the Idomoid group of the West Benue Congo family of Languages spoken by the Etulo people in the (Middle Belt) Central Nigerian States of Benue and Taraba. A descriptive survey using the One Thousand Seven Hundred SIL Comparative African Wordlist (SILCAWL) administered on Etulo informants who were born and bred within Etulo locality was made. Nine simple phonetic oral vowels [i ɪ e ɛ a o ͻ ʊ u] and their nasal counterparts alongside sixteen complex phonetic vowel sequences (phonetic diphthongs) [aɪɪaiauaʊaieoeueiouoiɛuɛʊɛɪɔɪʊʊɔ] were identified. Using articulatory, auditory and acoustic parameters, the phonetic description of Etulo vowels were made. In describing the vowels of Etulo, the nine simple oral vowels of Etulo were classified using articulatory and auditory parameters..........

Keywords: Etulo; Vowels; Phonetic; Articulatory; auditory; acoustic.

[1]. Armstrong, R. G. 1989. Idomoid languages. In John Bendor-Samuel &Rhonda L. Hartell (eds.). 323-326.Niger Congo Languages.U.S.A:University press of America, Inc.
[2]. Aziza, R. O. 1997. Urhobo tone system. University of Ibadan .Unpublished Ph.D Thesis.
[3]. Clark, J., C. Yallop&J.Fletcher. 2007. An introduction to phonetics and phonology.3rd edn.UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[4]. Dixon, R.M.W. 1997. The rise and fall of languages.Cambridge;Cambridge University Press.
[5]. Ezenwafor, C.A. 2016. A phonology of Etulo. An Unpublished PhD Disssertation presented to the Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State

Abstract: With its historical origins in the popular struggle for liberation from colonial rule and the national struggle for independence, India and Vietnam have historically shared close and cordial bilateral ties. Mahatma Gandhi and HồChí Minh, respectively considered the Father of the Nation in India and Vietnam, led people in their valiant fight against colonialism in both nations. In the post-Cold War sense, India-Vietnam relations are influenced by both their shared common experiences and their mutual concerns. Both have suffered from bordering country aggression. Indeed, India was the first non-communist nation to recognize the reunited Vietnam, and has had a good relationship ever since, one that has stood the test of time. In the post-cold war background, however, China's shadow over this relationship is looming big........

KEY-WORDS— India, Vietnam, foreign policy, bilateral relations, economic cooperation

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Abstract: The history of commercial cannabis cultivation in Bangladesh has disappearing day by day due to lack of perpetuation while many countries are considering the usefulness of cannabis commercializing its cultivation. This ethnographic study basically summarizes the agronomic records of cannabis cultivation in Bangladesh, the establishment history of Ganja cultivation cooperative society and the role of this association in socio-economic development and its current status. Interviews were conducted among knowledgeable farmers of different ages (30-70) in Naogaon district to know the agronomic history of cannabis cultivation in Bangladesh. Moreover, various types of written documents and records have been cross-checked to reveal the correct information. In addition, several field trips were made for the documentation of statistical records during October to November 2017, August to September 2018 and February to March 2019 in Bangladesh........

KEY WORDS: Bangladesh, Agronomic, Ganja Society, Socio-Economic Development, Naogaon

[1]. Ahmed, M.N, Azam, M.N.K, Traditional Knowledge and Formulations of Medicinal Plants Used by the Traditional Medical Practitioners of Bangladesh to Treat Schizophrenia Like Psychosis, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, Volume 2014, Article ID 679810(2014).
[2]. Ali, M.K., History of Naogaon District (2nd part), (Momtaj Begum, Rajshahi), 2014, 76-91.
[3]. Albert F. Hill, Economic Botany, (Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi), 1972.
[4]. Clarke, R.C and Merlin, M.D, Cannabis evolution and ethno-botany, (University of California press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London), 2016.
[5]. Dipak R. Pant, Healing the Himalayas Proposal of Strategy, Technology and Finance for Post-Earthquake Recovery, Reconstruction and Renaissance in Nepal, 2016

Abstract: Trend ofenvironmentalabusein the country suggeststhat humansareprobablyheadingtowards ecological destruction.Local environmental impacts from oil refineries result from toxic air and water emissions, accidental or intentional releases of chemicals, hazardous waste disposal, thermal pollution, and noise pollution.This paper assess the forms and effects of environmental degradations around Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company. Both quantitative and qualitative data was used through questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion Respectively. Yamane sample size formula was used to determine 399 households around the KRPC which, was later selected purposely and the questionnaires was administered systematically. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data collected through the individual.....

KEYWORDS: Forms, Effects, Environmental and Degradation

[1]. Adewuyi,T.A.andBaduku,A.S.(2012)RecentConsequencesofLandDegradationonFarmlandin theperi-urbanareaofKadunaMetropolis,Nigeria.JournalofSustainableDevelopmentin Africa14(3):179-193.
[2]. AniefiokE. I., UsenobongF.U.,Margaret,U.I.,IdongesitO.IandUdoJ.I.(2017)PetroleumIndustryinNigeria: EnvironmentalIssues, National EnvironmentalLegislation and Implementation of InternationalEnvironmental Law American Journal of EnvironmentalProtection, Vol. 4, No. 1, 21-37
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[4]. Iyoha, O.R. (2000) A review of the Nigerian Petroleum Industry and the Associated Environmental Problems, The Environmentalist, 21 (1), 11-21.
[5]. Iyoha, O.R. (2008) Gas Flaring and Venting Associated with Petroleum Exploration and Pro duction in the Nigeria's Niger Delta," American Journal of Environmental Protection, 1(4). 70 –77.

Abstract: This paper tries to explore the role of the age-old tradition of storytelling ( albeit in a new format available on the net ) in shaping the personality of the children and inculcating Sikh values among them and at the same time also acting as a medium to reinforce one‟s identity. An attempt has been made to understand the notion of "identity‟ and its interpretation through the use of Sakhis and in the process, glorifying the Sikh religion, history and culture but unconsciously, exposing the fears, crisis of the community as well. In the case of the Sikhs, "modernity‟ has emerged as the most dangerous form of the "Other‟ and the present crisis also seems to be related to the very definition of the term"Sikh‟. Who can be considered a true Sikh or, rather, a Sikh? The paper centres around the relationship between "the Word and the World‟( if I may use the title of Veena Das‟s book) or the understanding of social life through the prism of religion.........

KEYWORDS: Janamsakhis, Sikhs, Gurus, modernity

[1]. www.sikhnet.com
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[4]. Harbans Singh(editor-in-chief),The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism, Volume II. Punjabi University. Patiala
[5]. Kakar,Sudhir,The Inner World A Psychoanalytic Study of Childhood and Society in India.Third Edition. Oxford University Press. 1978

Abstract: Background: Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Persons with Mental Illness (PMI) is a challenging practice and the life of the people is limited in the rehabilitation centres lifelong. It results in limitation of their social life and community involvement. In 2016 Govt of Kerala approved a pilot project proposal of Psychiatry Department of Govt. Medical College for Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) of PMIs and empowering their families to care the persons with Mental illness. It was a model to develop mental health system at rural areas through Local self Governments. It is implemented at Chirayinkeezh Block Panchayat in its six Grama Panchayats. The Mental health services existed in the project area was service of One Psychiatrist at Taluk level Hospital and a visiting Psychiatry team once in a month in one of the Grama Panchayat Health centre. The project was finished by March 2019. This study was conducted.....

KEYWORDS: Person with mental Illness, Community Based Rehabilitation, Local Self Government, primary health care

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available at www.globalmentalhealth.org
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Arts & Humanities;Vol.2No.09/PG.1/4.2010.
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[5]. Menninger W.W. Role of psychiatric hospitals in treatment of mental illness. In :Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Edn.6th, (Eds.) Kaplan,H.I. & Sadock.B.J., pp 2690-2696, London : Williams and Wilkins;1995.

Abstract: The conflict in the Central African Republic has lingered for too long and it is still raging. Some analysts say the conflict has lasted for 54 years and yet no end is in sight for its resolution and this is a challenge to scholars in the continent. The cause(s) of this protracted conflict has been attributed to several factors and the United Nations has also applied several response strategies to it but failed. This paper thinks that this failure to achieve peace in the protracted conflict in the Central African Republic is because the execution or implementation of the well thought-out response strategies suffered from grave ineptitude. Measures were taken and implemented at the wrong time. For example, why would the world body jump into organizing an election when the warring parties armed to the teeth are not disarmed and more than half of the population of that country are refugees in neighbouring countries and displaced in various.....

KEYWORDS: Protracted, Conflict, centre African republic, Narratives, Wrong, Perceptions, Execution, Response Strategies

[1]. Adebayo, A. (1999). Comprehending and Mastering African Conflicts: The search for sustainable peace and good governance (ed). London: Zed Books Ltd.
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[3]. Ikiri, A.J. (2019). The protracted conflict in the CAR and UN Response strategies. Unpublished Ph.D thesis, Dept. of Political and administrative studies (Int'l Relations), University of Port Harcourt.
[4]. International Crisis Group (2014). Annual Report on the conflict in the CAR.
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