IOSR-JHSS   Volume-26 ~ Issue-12 ~ DEC. 2021

Abstract: Arabic is a language commonly spoken by the people of the Arab world. It is considered as one of the important languages of the world. Hence Arabic, as an international language, has achieved the position one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.). Arabic is the medium of trade and commerce, poetry and philosophy, science and technology, international politics etc. in the Middle Eastern Countries. For this importance, they are studied in most countries of the world. As a result of its world wide popularity, Arabic language has been able to achieve the glorious position in the U.N.O. where they are used as an official language.......

[1]. Ahmed, Dr. B.H.A., "Muslim Migrants: Their Impacts on Assamese Language and Culture", Migration in Assam, Ratnapith College, Bahalpur, Dhubri, 2011.
[2]. Ahmed, Dr. Bakshi HA, Arabic Language: Its Impact on Assamese Language and Literature, 1st Edition, New Delhi, Adam Publishers & Distributors, 2013.
[3]. Barpujari, H.K., The Comprehensive History of Assam, vol. II, Gauhati, Publication Board, 1992.
[4]. Barua, H.C., Hemkosha, (Assamese-to Assamese & English Dictionary), Edition-XIV, Guwahati, Hemkosha Prakashan, 2011
[5]. Barua, K.L., Early History of Kamrupa, Edition-II, Guwahati, Lawyer's Book Stall, 1966.

Abstract: Having made a name for themselves internationally in reducing gender inequality to a great extent, the Scandinavian countries continue to make new headways in advancing gender equality, be it Sweden becoming the first country in the world to announce 'feminist foreign policy' and 'feminist government' to introduction of boardroom gender quota in Norway. While the discourse on gender equality and related policies captures imagination of people beyond the Scandinavian region, the existence of gender segregation of labour market in these countries gathers less attention. This article explores the dynamics of highly gender segregated labour market in some of the most highly gender equal countries in the world. It sheds light on the underlying factors that influence the composition of labour market in Scandinavia. Further, the articles discuss steps taken by the governments in these countries to desegregate the labour market.

Key words: labour market, gender segregation, Scandinavian countries, occupation, public sector

[1]. Anker, Richard (1998), Gender and jobs: Sex segregation of occupations in the world, International Labour Organization.
[2]. Implications and Policy Responses in the EU. EU Expert Group on Gender and Employment (EGGE), Luxembourg: European Commission.
[3]. Blackburn, R. M. and Jarman, J. (1997), "Occupational Gender Segregation", Social Research Update, 16 Spring.
[4]. Burchell, B., Hardy, V., Rubery, J. and Smith, Mark (2014), "A New Method to Understand Occupational Gender Segregation in European Labour Markets", Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.
[5]. Catalyst (2015), Quick Take: Women in Academia. New York: Catalyst, July 9, 2015

Abstract: The action research was conducted to test the ideas that using online newspapers written in English to improve students reading skills and cultivates their positive attitude towards extensive reading (ER). The participants were 42 second-year students at School of Foreign Languages – Thai Nguyen University (SFL-TNU). The results showed a significant improvement in students' reading skills, and students' positive attitudes towards ER. Besides, in order to create a habit of reading extensively with an online newspaper written in English for students, there seems to be a need of consideration of time and a variety of local online newspapers written in English for students to choose.

KEY WORDS: reading skills, extensive reading, online newspaper

[1]. Afflerbach, P., Pearson, P. D., Paris, S.G. (2008). Clarifying differences between reading skills and reading strategies. The reading teacher. 61(5), 364-373. Doi: 10.1598/RT.61.5.1
[2]. Anderson, N.J. (1999). Exploring second language reading: issues and strategies. New York: Heinle & HeinlePublishers.
[3]. Bell, T. (2001). Extensive reading. Speed and comprehension. The Reading Matrix. Retrieved on June 20th 2019 from http://www.readingmatrix.com
[4]. Davis, C. (1995). Extensive reading: an expensive extravagance. English Language Teaching Journal. 49(4), 329-336. Doi:10.1093/elt/49.4.329
[5]. Dornyei, Z. (1996). Moving language learning motivation to a larger platform for theory and practice. In Oxford, R.L. (Ed.), Language learning motivation: Pathway to the new century. (71-80). Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Centre.

Abstract: Human-pet interactions have been shown to have beneficial effects on people's mental health, including a reduction of anxiety, the generation of attachment bonds, and an increase in self-worth. It is well known that the necessary restrictions to stop the contagion in the midst of the current pandemics originated by COVID-19, have generated symptoms of anxiety, stress, depression and insomnia. The objective of this research was to characterize the effects of pets on the mental health indicators of their owners, in the context of the pandemics. A sample of 531 volunteer pet owners (404 women), participated in the study. They completed a set of instruments, integrated by (1).......

Keywords: Human-pet companionship; mental health; sanitary crisis; pet attachment; responsible pet ownership

[1]. Acero, M. (2017). La relación humano-animal de compañía como un fenómeno sociocultural. Perspectivas para la salud pública. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia] Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/55877/7/MyriamAceroAguilar.2017.pdf
[2]. Antúnez, Z. & Vinet, E. (2012). Escalas de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS - 21): Validación de la Versión abreviada en Estudiantes Universitarios Chilenos. Terapia psicológica, 30(3), 49-55. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082012000300005
[3]. Aguirre, C. (2015). Diagnóstico de necesidades para la implementación de un programa de tenencia responsable de animales en Chile. [Tesis de magister. Universidad de Chile]. http://bibliodigital.saludpublica.uchile.cl:8080/dspace/bitstream/handle/123456789/467/Diagn%C3%B3stico+Programa+Tenencia+Responsable+de+Animales+en+Chile.pdf;jsessionid=0233FB89B89745B0E5C14857F0CB0EE7?sequence=1
[4]. Alarcón A., Román, F. & Vinet, E. (2014). Escalas de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21): Adaptación y propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes secundarios de Temuco. Revista argentina de clínica psicológica vol. XXIII, 179-190.

Abstract: This study explores the political financing model consolidated by political parties at local democracy with a transitional society. The dominant literature on political financing has been influenced by single and plural outlooks within feudal-modern societies contexts. Political financing is categorized into some models that cannot explain the political financing in transitional societies at local democracy. Based on the political financing case consolidated by Nasdem and Golkar within coalition and candidacy processes in the election for Governor and Deputy Governor of NTT period 2018-2023, this study explains the consolidation and model of political financing by combining.......

Keywords: Political financing, transitional society, local democracy.

[1]. Ambardi, K. (2008). The making of the Indonesian Multyparty System: A Cartelized Party System and Its Origin. The Ohio State University: Dissertation.
[2]. Aspinall, E. (2015). "Money Politics: Patronage and Clientelism in Southeast Asia" in Handbook of Southeast Asian Democratization, ed, William Case, London: Routledge.
[3]. Berenschot, W. (2018). The political economy of clientelism: A comparative study of Indonesia's patronage democracy. Comparative political studies, 51(12), 1563-1593.
[4]. Bridges, A. B. (1982). Another Look at Plutocracy and Politics in Antebellum New York City. Political Science Quarterly, 97(1), 57-71.
[5]. Crouch, H. (1979). Patrimonialism and military rule in Indonesia. World Politics, 31(4), 571-587

Abstract: Irony is the contrast between expectation and reality. More or less irony is there in all the novels of Chetan Bhagat. Irony is predominant in his latest two detective novels 'The Girl in Room 105' and 'One Arranged Murder'. Though every type of irony is used in Chetan Bhagat's novels; situational irony predominates these two latest novels. Irony is applied here to develop murder mystery arousing suspense of readers to find out the real murderers of the two unfortunate girls in the novels who meet premature death by murder. Both the murderers of these cases are some unsuspected persons who were thought very innocent, near and dear to the victim of murder- either lover or close related person by blood. Detached observation and impartial investigation find out the murderers finally

KEY WORDS: Irony. Detective, Situation, Murder, Mystery, Suspense, Investigation

[1]. Bhagat, Chetan. The Girl in Room 105, 1st ed., New Delhi: Thomson Press India Ltd., 2018
[2]. Bhagat, Chetan. One Arranged Murder, 1st ed., Manipal: Manipal Technologies Limited, 2020 Secondary Sources:
[3]. Ousby, Ian. The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988
[4]. Soren, Kierkegaard. The Concept of Irony, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989
[5]. Quoted by Wright, Andrew H. Jane Austen's Novels: A Study in Structure, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953

Abstract: Most of the forts in India are actually castles or fortresses. But when the British Government in India were cataloging them in the 17th–19th century they used the word forts as it was common in Britain then. All fortifications whether European or Indian were termed forts. Thereafter this became the common usage in India. Three major methods were used for the construction of ancient Indian forts. The first consisted of earthen ramparts. Often they were constructed of the sand which was dug out of the ditch surrounding the fort. The second of rubble with earth on the outside which was more sturdy. The third type of construction was with stone and masonry work. The last was the strongest. Often materials from demolished forts were reused in the building of new forts. At the latter site huge walls of burnt brick, which look like they have been battered. Udayagiri fort and Vattakotai fort is famous forts in Kanyakumari District.

[1]. Nagam Aiyya, The Travancore State Mannual, Vol.1 Thiruvanathapuram,1999, pp.342-343.
[2]. Ibid.
[3]. Clock-tower Inscription, dated 15-8-1988.
[4]. Inscription found at the front wall of Puliyoorkurichi, R.C Church.
[5]. Velu Pillai, T.K., The Travancore State Manual, Vol.1, Thiruvananthapuram, 1996, p.306

Abstract: Women always suffer from a universal inner conflict with their society, with their family, and with their selves. Being the poets of the 20th Century, the American feminist poet Adrienne Rich, the poet laureate of Maryland Linda Pastan, and the Japanese-American poet Janice Mirikitani have written some beautiful short poems about women's dreams and their real-life experiences. The present article aims to apply a famous psychoanalyst Karen Horney's "Theory of Inner Conflict" to show a comparison between women's dreams and reality through the poems "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers" by Adrienne Rich, "Marks" by Linda Pastan, and 'Suicide Note' by Janice Mirikitani which will present women's inner conflict and their attempts to win over the conflicts to prove that women are always the victims of the sexual politics in the patriarchal society, thus the society should be concerned about women's internal strife.

KEYWORDS: Inner Conflict, Women, Karen Horney, 20th-century poetry

[1]. Beauvoir, S. (2011). The Second Sex, Vintage Books, London.
[2]. Birkle, C. (2019). Adrienne Rich (In book: Literary and Critical Theory). DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780190221911-0075
[3]. Horney, K. (1945). Our Inner Conflicts. W.W. Norton & Co.
[4]. Horney, K. (1973). Feminine Psychology. W.W. Norton & Co.
[5]. Millet, K. (2016). Sexual Politics. Columbia University Press, New York.

Abstract:Theoretically, Community Based Development is one of the most effective and promising development models in the current democratic era, because this development model is based on the potential and conditions of the local community (society). Community development programs that are based on the potential and community of these communities will get optimal community support and participation because it is in accordance with their needs. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of community economic empowerment by transforming appropriate technology for traditional fish processing....

KEY WORD: Empowerment, Community, Development, Fishermen, Region

[1]. AMA, 1993, Local Authorities and Community Development: A Strategic Opportunity for the 1990s, London: association of Metropolitan Authorities.
[2]. Bappenas, 2000,PengembanganEkonomiMasyarakat di Daerah.Laporan Program PemberdayaanEkonomiMasyarakatPesisir, 2000.
[3]. DepartemenKelautandanPerikanan, PedomanUmumPemberdayaanEkonomiMasyarakatPesisir. 2001
[4]. Hikmat, Harry, 2002, StrategiPemberdayaanMasyarakat, Bandung: HumanioraUtama.
[5]. Korten. C. David. 1986, Community Based Development, Asian Experience, Kumarian Express, USA. [6]. SunyotoUsman ,2010, Pembangunan Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, PustakaPelajar, Makassar.

Abstract: The Korean government has formulated many systems and practices for the protection of traditional culture. Korean schools rely on traditional culture to cultivate the educational pattern of national spirit and the innovative mechanism of Korean cultural industry for the inheritance and transformation of traditional culture. Learning from these experiences is not only to better inherit China's traditional culture, but also to strengthen people's value recognition of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

KEY WORDS: the republic of korea; traditional culture; Inheritance and transformation

[1]. Park Jinghua: cultural industry talent training based on Cultural Capital Theory -- reference to Korean experience, Journal of Shandong University (PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION), issue 6, 2019.
[2]. Zheng Xiaoyun, on cultural identity, Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1992.
[3]. Chen Xianda: Tradition and Modernity in cultural self-confidence, Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2017.

Abstract: Education is the basic human capital and social development against ignorance and poverty across the world. It enables individuals to acquire skills, knowledge and abilities for a better future. Free primary education introduced by the Kenyan government to all children of school-going age is characterized by high dropout rates. The school dropout phenomenon is not only a concern to Kenya but a global challenge. It has a negative impact on individuals, families and the country at large. The dropout rate among the Maasai boys is a concern to the stakeholders in the Osupuko division. The present study sought to determine how socio-cultural practices influenced the Maasai boys to dropout in public primary schools. The study utilized the Classical Theory of Equal Opportunity with a descriptive.....

KEY WORDS: Socio-cultural practices, School dropout, Boys

[1]. Abuya, B., Oketch, M., & Musyoka, P. (2013). Why do Pupil's dropout when Education Is "Free"? Explaining school dropout among the urban poor in Nairobi. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 43(6),740 762.
[2]. Andiema, N. C. (2021). Influence of Culture on Girl Child Education in Central Pokot Sub County, Kenya. East African Journal of Education Studies, 3(1), 26-38.
[3]. Brophy, J. (2013). Motivating students to learn. Routledge.
[4]. Cherotich, J. (2017). Factors Influencing Dropout Rate Among Boys in Public Primary Schools in Saboti Sub County Trans Nzoia County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
[5]. Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications