IOSR-JHSS   Volume-27 ~ Issue-10 ~ Oct. 2022

Abstract: Radicalization of the youth and young adults has been a big problem in Kenya. A study conducted to investigate its causes in Muranga County, also sought to identify de-radicalization initiatives used to combat violent extremism among Al-Shabaab returnees, the hurdles to de-radicalization programmes and the stakeholders involved in the de-radicalization processes. The study was prompted by the current change in de-radicalization techniques that have been institutionalized in Kenyan anti-terror efforts. The study employed a descriptive survey approach, which included the use of questionnaires and interviews. The key informants involved in the de-radicalization programme....

Key words: Radicalization, De-radicalization, Violent Extremism, Kenya.

[1]. Batool, S., Rizwan, M., & Ullah, W. (2021). De-radicalization: A Case Study of Swat Valley; Its Progress, Challenges. Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review, VI(II), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-ii).03
[2]. Downie, R. (2018, October 26). Kenya's struggling amnesty experiment: The policy challenge of rehabilitating former terrorists. https://www.csis.org/analysis/kenyas-struggling-amnesty-experiment-policy-challenge-rehabilitating-former-terrorists
[3]. Ejaz, M. (2022). Civil Society, Gender and De-Radicalization Programs: A Case of PAIMAN Alumni Trust. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 6(II), 492–502. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-ii)42
[4]. Ekanem, E., & Asukwo, E. (2022). Al Shabaab and its Violent Extremism in Kenya. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(5), 188–204. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2022.v07i05.003
[5]. Gill, A. S., Mustafa, G., & Rizwan, M. (2020). De-radicalization in Pakistan : Implication of Swat Model. 1(57), 389–404.

Abstract: A presupposition (PSP) in pragmatics is the assumption that the hearer already knows about the subject and the context of the information. The context includes shared knowledge of the environment, culture, belief or world view. This enables the hearer to make the right assumption or inference as he interprets a piece of information. This paper therefore, intends to highlight presupposition in human communication in the English Language. Pragmatic presupposition depends more on the context for its interpretation and meaning. This paper "pragmatics of presupposition in human communication in the English language" adopts purely narrative and descriptive approach.......

Key Words: Pragmatics, Presupposition, Pragmatics presupposition and Human communication

[1]. Adegbija, E. (1999). The English language and literature in English: An introductory handbook. Ilorin: The Department of European Languages, University of Ilorin.
[2]. Crystal, A. & Davy, D. (1983) Advanced conversational English. London: Longman.
[3]. Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: CUP.
[4]. Crystal, D. (1997). Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: C.U.P
[5]. Grundy, P. (2000). Doing pragmatics 2nd Ed. London: Arnold.

Abstract: The study specifically examined the effect of insecurity on national development in Nigeria. This study is anchored on the frustration-aggression model. The quantitative data for this study were collected from 45 respondents selected from Imo State, while the qualitative data were from 8 key informants interviewed. The objective of this study is toexamine/ascertain the effect of insecurity on the lives / properties and the economic development of Nigeria; as well as to determine the roles played by government policies in curbing insecurity for national development. The quantitative data were analyzed using a combination Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software......

Keywords: Insecurity, threat, National Development, Economic development,

[1]. Achumba, I. C., Ighomereho, O. S., &Akpan-Robaro, M. O. M. (2013). Security Challenges in Nigeriaand the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 79-99.
[2]. Adagba, O., Ugwu, S. C., &Eme, O. I. (2012).Activities of Boko Haram and Insecurity Question in Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(9), 77-99.
[3]. Adamu, A. (2005). True Federalism in the 21st Century Nigeria. A Lecture Delivered at University of Jos Alumni Association, Lagos, 24th March.
[4]. Adeola, G. L., &Oluyemi, F. (2012). The Political and Security Implications of Cross Border Migrationbetween Nigeria and Her Francophone Neighbours. International Journal of Social Science Tommorrow, 1(3), 1-9.
[5]. Adigwe, F. (1979). Essentials of Government For West Africa. Ibadan, Ibadan University Press

Abstract: Background:Domestic solid waste management (DSWM) is one of the major issues in both developed and developing countries. The situation is even worse in African countries including Tanzania as the majority of its people are residing in an unplanned settlement where, management of solid waste is very difficult. The efficiency management of DSWM requires an effective participation from various stakeholders, especially the local people, who are fully aware of and have a positive attitude as well as good perception regarding DSWM issues. Meanwhile, radio has a wide coverage in Tanzania. It should be an important medium for raising public awareness about DSWM as to easily......

Keywords: Attitude; Dar es Salaam; development communication theory; DSWM participation; radio usage

[1]. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Global waste management outlook. In Global Waste Management Outlook. 2016
[2]. Omolawal SA, Shittu OS. Challenges of solid waste management and environmental sanitation in Ibadan north local government, Oyo State, Nigeria. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. 2016; 19(1):129-142.
[3]. Dar es Salaam City Council (DCC). (2015). Solid waste management Dar es Salaam Tanzania. 2015.
[4]. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). National environment statistics report (NESRM), Tanzania Mainland. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. NBS. 2017

Abstract: The paper examines the phenomenon of oil theft as an organised crime. Oil theft, popularly known, as oil bunkering is a phenomenon peculiar to the Nigerian state, a phenomenon that some argued only occurred in the country. This phenomenon happened in two main ways, first when individual thieves tap either an oil pipeline or a wellhead, secondly when multinational oil companies pump more oil than their licences permit.The first way is more common and the culprits are usually the Niger Delta gangs and militants, with an alleged support from some vested interests that includes security personnel and politicians.This paper not only examines this phenomenon as a form of an organised crime, but also the contemporary perpetrator‟s activities and the growing threats of their actsin the Gulf of Guinea

Keywords: Gangs, Niger Delta Militants,Oil theft; Organised crimeandpiracy

[1]. Abadinsky, H. (2010) Organised crime. Belmont, Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
[2]. Adugbo, Daniel and Agabi, Chris (2018) Nigeria lost N995bn to oil theft in 2017 – Report. Daily Trust Newspaper, available at:https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/nigeria-lost-n995bn-to-oil-theft-in-2017-report-263590.html (Accessed on 22/10/2019).
[3]. Austin, R. (2019) "‟The misdeeds of a few‟‟: Nigeria speaks out over $46m fraud case. The Guardian, available at:https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/29/the-misdeeds-of-a-few-nigeria-speaks-out-over-fraud-case (Accessed on 23/01/2020).
[4]. Baldauf, Scott (2012)Next pirate hot spot: the Gulf of Guinea. The Christian Science Monitor, available at:https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2012/0228/Next- pirate-hot-spot-the-Gulf-of-Guinea (Accessed on 12/06/2019).
[5]. BBC News (2019) US names Nigerians in massive fraud investigation,available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-49446845 (Accessed on 26/02/2020).

Abstract: Globally, much of contemporary medical practice encourages adult clients to actively participate in clinical decision-making. Children's participation in healthcare decisions has many benefits. It is fundamental in developing competence, confidence, and a sense of responsibility, therefore, grooming them to better participate in society in later life. Article 12 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child noted that children should be given the capacity to form their views and the right to express their opinions freely. Kenyan Children Act (2001) dictates that there is much need for children to be allowed to give their views and opinions on issues directly affecting them. Comparative......

Keywords: Child, children's participation, UN Convention on Rights of the Child, South Africa Children Act 38 of 2005, consent.

[1]. The Constitution of Kenya 2010
[2]. The Children Act (2001) (Cap 586 Laws of Kenya)
[3]. The Children Act South Africa 2001
[4]. The Health Act No. 21 of 2017
List of international instruments
[5]. African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, 11 July 1990, CAB/LEG/24.9/49 (1990)

Abstract: This paper is a shrewd and detailed analysis of problems that ensue during the translation of textbooks for teaching Chinese as a foreign language and how they can be tackledappropriately. Textbooks for language teaching have distinct features which make them unalike with ordinary textbooks in language structure and style. Translating such texts warrants that certain adjustments and/or modifications be carried out on the source text without fundamentally derailing from its original meaning. This paper begins by reviewing the status of Chinese language teaching before identifying some of the major problems posed by the translation of textbooks for teaching Chinese as a foreign.......

Key words:Culturally Loaded Words,Polysemy, Synonymy, Translation Shifts, Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

[1]. Catford, J. C. 1965. A linguistic theory of translation. [M] London: Oxford University Press
[2]. Culler, J. (1976). Structuralist poetics: structuralism, linguistics, and the study of literature. Cornell: Cornell University Press.
[3]. Klaudy, K. (2005). Introduction to the Practice of Translation. Budapest: Scholastica. (2003). Languages in Translation. Budapest: Scholastica. Thomas, Herbest, 2010. English Linguistics, A course book for students of English[M]. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
[4]. Seguinot, C (1989) The translation process, H.G Publications, School of Translation, York University.
[5]. Yifei, Hao(2017) An analysis of the translation of vocabulary list in textbooks for Teaching Chinese as Foreign Language: Division of Literature and Languages，School of Arts and Humanities, University of Stirling.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out, analyze and find the nature of the application for marriage dispensation in the religious high court of East Java. To find out, analyze and find what are the factors causing the application for dispensation for marriage in the East Java Religious High Court. To find out and analyze how the judges of the East Java Religious High Court in deciding the application for marriage dispensation. The method used by the researcher here is Research, in general, which can be classified into two types, namely sociological (field) and empirical research. The results obtained are the factors that influence the application of marriage dispensation in the religious......

Key words: Dispensation; Marry; Children

[1]. Nugraha, Xavier, RisdianaIzzaty, and AnnidaAqiila Putri. "Reconstruction of the Minimum Age for Marriage as a Form of Legal Protection for Women (Analysis of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/Puu-Xv/2017)." Lex Scientia Law Review 3.1 (2019): 40-54. [2]. Lasmadi, Sahuri, Kartika SasiWahyuningrum, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. "Policy of Refinement of Norms in Reaching the Minimum Age of Marriage." Gorontalo Law Review 3.1 (2020): 1-16. [3]. Judiasih, Sonny Dewi, SusilowatiSupartoDajaan, and Bambang Daru Nugroho. "The Contradiction Between Dispensation for Marriage and Efforts to Minimize Child Marriage in Indonesia." ACTA DIURNAL Journal of Notary Law 3.2 (2020): 203-222. [4]. Susilawati, Susi, et al. "EFFORT TO MINIMIZE CHILD MARRIAGE." Familia: Journal of Family Law 2.1 (2021): 53-67. [5]. Yulianti, Rina. "The impact of early marriage." Journal of Pamator: Scientific Journal of Trunojoyo University 3.1 (2010)..

Abstract: The paper examines the nature, forms, and consequences of social exclusion in the Dal Dwellers' society in Kashmir. It discusses the relationship between the economic status and the socio-cultural status of people. The basic objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidence based on which a conclusion is to be drawn as to whether a significant relationship exists between economic status and the socio-cultural status of people. This research paper will talk about the people residing at Dal Lake. We will discuss the socio-economic status of people living at Dal Lake, the relationship between deprivations and assessing socio-cultural and economic status, the marginalization of Dal Dwellers, the factors responsible for social exclusion, and the consequences of such social exclusion..

Key words: Social Exclusion, Dal Dwellers, Socio-economic Status, Marginalization

[1]. Bhalla, A and Lapeyre, F. (N.D). Social Exclusion: Towards an Analytical and Operational Framework.
[2]. Grimaldi E. 2011. Neoliberalism and the marginalisation of social justice: the making of an education policy to combat social exclusion. International Journal of Inclusive Education. 16 (11): 1131-1154
[3]. Han, H-R., Miyong, K., Hochang, B.L., Pistulka, G. and Kim, K.B. (2007) 'Correlates of depression in the Korean American elderly: focusing on personal resources of social support,' Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 22: 115–27.
[4]. Lenoir, R. (1974/1989) Les Exclus: UnFrancaissur Dix, 2nd ed. Paris: Editions du Seuil.
[5]. Levitas R, Pantazis C, Fahmy E, Gordon D, Lloyd E, Patsios D. (2007). The Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Social Exclusion. Bristol: University of Bristol

Abstract: The nature of conflict among the pastoralistcommunity has been created and propelled by the unequal distribution of natural resources.The conflict in Baragoi has been athorn in the flesh of the stakeholder, especially with its adverse effect on the community's social, and economic political organization.These results of conflict cannot be escaped due totheir adverseeffects on the community. Despite various intervention measures put in place by thestakeholders protracted social conflict continues to pose a dire effect on the community and the government. Therefore thisstudy sought to analyze the salience sequels of intractable pastoralist conflict.The study research design was a descriptive survey design which allowed the respondent to provide a vivid description of......

Keywords: Livelihood,destruction of property,internally displaced persons

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