IOSR-JHSS   Volume-27 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov. 2022

Abstract: The proliferation of criminal gangs has become a menace to people residing in urban areas, more so to the personal security of the residents. A study that sought to identify the reasons for the proliferation of criminal gangs conducted in Nairobi City County shows that in recent years, the number of criminal gangs and gang members has been on the rise, especially in urban areas.The study was prompted by the dynamic nature of the criminal gangs and more so the security challenges created by these gangs to Nairobi city county residents which is likely to negatively impact the city's profile. Social disorganisation theory and social bonding theories guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey approach with both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection.....

Key Words: Proliferation, Criminal gangs, Personal Security, Nairobi City County

[1]. Abadinsky, H. (2012). Organised crime. Cengage Learning.
[2]. Annual Report to Parliament (2020). The State of National Security. Retrieved fromhttp://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2020- 11/SP%207284-2020%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20FINAL%20JAN%202020% 20_0. pdf
[3]. Arias, E. D., & Rodrigues, C. D. (2006). The myth of personal security: Criminal gangs, dispute resolution, and identity in Rio de Janeiro's favelas. Latin American politics and society, 48(4), 53-81.
[4]. Chebet, C. (2020). Politicians funding criminal gangs for 2022, says a report. The Standard. Retrieved July 16, 2022, from https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001394412/inside-the-illicit- gangs-that-run-kenyas-politics
[5]. Collins, O & Wako, A (2020). Kenya: Scars of the Gangs - Inside the Criminal Underworld of Nairobi's Eastlands. AllAfrica.https://allafrica.com/stories/202009160162.html

Abstract: Background: There are over 75 million domestic workers around the world, most of whom are informally employed. Given to preexisting vulnerabilities, workers in this sector were significantly affected by the covid pandemic. Several quantitative and qualitative studies have been carried out in various regions of the world to examine this impact. In India, there are 2.8 million domestic workers who are women, a number that is deemed an underestimate. Even before the pandemic, these women had to contend with problems related to the economics, the law, gender, and caste. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the consequences that the pandemic-induced lockdown.......

Keywords: Domestic Worker; Pandemic; Lockdown; Inequality; Assam

[1]. Areeba Hamid. (2006). Harsh, Everyday Realities. Economic and Political Weekly, 41(13), 1235–1237. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4418022
[2]. Augustine, R., & Singh, D. R. K. (2016). Condition & problems of female domestic workers (with special reference to L.D.A. colony in lucknow city, india). Journal of Sociology and Social Work, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.15640/jssw.v4n2a11
[3]. C189 - Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), Convention No. 189 (2011). https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C189
censusindia.gov.in.
[4]. Chakraborty, S. (2021). COVID-19 and Women Informal Sector Workers in India. Economic and Political Weekly. https://www.epw.in/journal/2020/35/commentary/covid-19-and-women-informal-sector-workers-i ndia.html
[5]. Chandramouli, & Kodandarama,. (2018). Women domestic workers in India: An analysis. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering. 8. 1-5.

Abstract: The Mesolithic age or middle age of stone agerepresent a phase of transition from the preceding hunting and food gathering stage of the Palaeolithic period to that of farming and herding in the succeeding Neolithic period. It coincides with the beginning of the Holocene age, around 10,000 BP or 8,000 BC. This age witnessed a change in climate from cold and arid to warm and wet because the gradual recession of the glaciers. This change led to the melting of snow and the formation of rivers resulting in the growth of forests and vegetation. The technology of producing tools also underwent change, now small stone tools were being used increasingly. Although the Mesolithic......

[1]. Allchin and Bridget (1966). The stone-tipped arrow: Late stone age hunters of the tropical world. London, Phoenix House.
[2]. Hooja and Rima (1988). The ahar culture and beyond: Settlements and frontiers of Mesolithic and early agricultural sites in Rajasthan,Oxford,BAR,412.
[3]. Lal,B.B. (1958). Birbhanpur, a microlithic site in the Damodar valley, West Bengal; Ancient India,14:4–48.
[4]. Mathpal, Y. D.(1985). Prehistoric rock paintings of Bhimbetka, Central India,New Delhi.
[5]. Misra, V. N. (1974). Archaeological and ethnographic evidence for the hafting and use of microliths and related tools,Puratattva,7:3–12.

Abstract: This paper studies textbooks of pedagogy and manuals or writings shaping the educational policy of ethics and morality of students of the 19th century in Greece applying the historical-interpretive method. The Greek state, transitioning from the Ottoman government, had to ensure complete teacher education and training to reinforce primary schools emphasizing the students' moral education. Authoritative teaching methods of discipline, persuasion, coercion and corporal punishment imposed rules of ethical behavior being justified by contemporary societal ethics.

Key Words: Pedagogy, ethics, coercion, punishment, discipline.

[1]. Daskalakis A. (1968). About Education, part 1, Athens.
[2]. Dimaras A. (2005). The Reform That Did Not Take Place. Evidence of history, vol. AD: 1821-1894, Athens: Estia.
[3]. Hadjivassiliou GV (1988). The System of Punishments in Greek Education Of The 19th Century, Thessaloniki: Kyriakidis Bros.
[4]. Kokkonis P. I. (1864). Handbook Or Guide of the Peer-To-Peer Teaching Method, 4th edition, Athens.
[5]. Kondylakis I. (1996). When I Was a Teacher, Modern Greek Anthology. Athens: news

Abstract: The piracy and marine insecurity are real threats to the peace and stability of the eastern, southern africa and indian-oceanic, and have a negative impact on marine navigation, the exploitation of marine resources and the free movement of goods and people, a prerequisite for economic integration. These threats persist in the region because of the precariousness of life in certain areas, but also because no single state in the region is able to respond to these threats independently of others. The Regional Economic Communities (RECs) of the region have therefore pooled their efforts to secure shipping and maritime activities, but the mechanisms put in place to combat this scourge require more.

Key words : Piracy, maritime security, Indian Ocean, Eastern and Southern Africa, Regional Economic Communities (RECs).

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Abstract: The study aims to examine the core competency in teaching culture, society, ideas, and innovation as basis for curriculum development in the area of cognitive knowledge, soft skills, hard skills, and specific discipline knowledge and to identify the teaching culture, society, ideas, and innovation as basis for curriculum development on core competency among the respondents. The descriptive method of research is utilized in the study which is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research. On the other hand, convenient sampling is employed in selecting the sample population size which comprises Seven Hundred (700) respondents only. Results show that core competency of culture, society, ideas, and innovation of general education subjects of students in the now normal.....

Keywords: Core competency in teaching culture, society, ideas, and innovation, cognitive knowledge, soft skills, hard skills, and specific discipline knowledge

[1]. Abdukadirov, A., Zakirov, S., Mamarajabov, O., &Sayfulla, A. (2021, November). Conditions for the development of students' information competence in the aspect of the development of distance learning in the humanities. In 2021 International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies (ICISCT) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[2]. Abraham, A., Gille, D., Puhan, M. A., Ter Riet, G., Von Wyl, V., & International Consortium on Teaching Epidemiology. (2021). Defining Core Competencies for epidemiologists in academic settings to tackle tomorrow's health research challenges: a structured, multinational effort. American journal of epidemiology, 190(3), 343-352.
[3]. Al-Mamary, Y. H. S. (2022). Understanding the use of learning management systems by undergraduate university students using the UTAUT model: Credible evidence from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(2), 100092.
[4]. Amon, L., & Bustami, M. R. (2021). Implementation of School-Based Management in Curriculum and Learning Processes: a Literatur Review. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah (Dikdasmen), 1-11.

Abstract: In road traffic, an obstacle on the road, means anything that could threaten the safety, the flow or economy of road traffic, such as a parked vehicle in a no-parking place or an unlit vehicle. The obstruction on the road must be removed without delay. The person who caused the obstacle must ensure this obligation with-out delay. If he does not do so, the road administrator must immediately remove the obstacle at his expense. The paper deals with the significance of the road traffic obstacle and its impact on the safety, flow and economy of road traffic on roads (motorways and expressways). First of all, an obstacle in road traffic is defined and the basic concepts related to......

Keywords: Road traffic. Highways. Expressways. Obstacle in road traffic. Legal framework of the Slovak Re-public. Gross domestic product

[1]. Act No. 8/2009 Coll. on road traffic as amended.
[2]. Act No. 135/1961 Coll. on land communications as amended by later regulations.
[3]. Ballay, M., Monoši, M.: Selected aspects of the relationship between scientific - technological develop-ment of structures of passenger cars of the recovery and hydraulic equipment fire and rescue corps used in rescue operations. In 12th International Scientific Conference of Young Scientists on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport Location: High Tatras, Slovakia, may 31-jun 02, 2017. Book Series: Procedia Engineering 192, 16–21. (2017).
[4]. Čečot, V., Madliak, J., Kasanický, G. et al.: Criminological and engineering - technical prevention of road accidents. Monograph. Novoprint SR, s.r.o. Zlaté Moravce, 250 pp., ISBN 978-80-554-1275-7 (2016).
[5]. Institute of Forensic Engineering ŽU in Žilina (ÚSI ŽU). Archive of expert opin ions in the field of road transport..

Abstract: The study of the "nyumbang" (giving money or gift when attending wedding or circumcision party) tradition has been done frequently, but has not touched on the gender aspect. In the context of rural areas, it is important to see how rural monetization has changed the existence of women and all existing social institutions, including the"nyumbang" tradition as a form of community solidarity. Money as a tool of rationalization is feared affects the moral ethics built by the rural community and make "nyumbang" traditions as a medium of economic transactions, so it needs to be studied how is the mechanism of reciprocity that took place in the"nyumbang"tradition.This study aims to analyze the reciprocity process and system that takes place in the "nyumbang"tradition amid......

Key Word:Nyumbang Tradition, Rural Women, Reciprocity System

[1]. Belshaw, Cyrill S., 1981. TukarMenukarTradisionaldanPasar Modern, PT Gramedia, Jakarta.
[2]. Carruthers, Bruce G., 2005. "Sociology Of Money And Credit" dalam Neil J. Smelserdan Richard Swedberg(Editors) , The Handbook of Economic Sociology (Second Edition), Russell Sage Foundation, New York Chotim, Erna E dan Citra RS, 2001.Pinggir dan Pinggiran: Posisi Perempuan Miskin dalam Transisi, Jurnal Analisis Sosial Volume 6 Vol 6 No. 1 Pebruari, Akatiga Bandung
[3]. Collins, Randall, 1994. Four Sociological Tradition. Oxford University Press, New York
[4]. Geertz, C. 1983 "Culture and Social Change: The Indonesian Case" Man, Vol. 19. pp.511-532
[5]. Kolm, Serge-Christope and Jean Mercier Ythier (Ed.), 2006.Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity, Volume 1, Elsevier B.V.

Abstract: Background: Transition in education mirrors the phase when students transfer from one level of education to another. Some students adjust easily and are set up for successful university study whereas others become disoriented from their studies, underperform academically or drop out completely. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between cultural transition and academic adjustment among first year undergraduate students (FYUS) with focus on their feeding habits. The study was guided by Person-Centred and Schlossberg's Transition Theory23. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 1,539 first year undergraduate students admitted at a public university main campus for the 2020/2021 academic year and 45 service providers. Stratified random sampling was used to select 306 students while purposive sampling was used to select 40 service providers for the study. Concurrent Triangulation.........

Key words: First year undergraduate students (FYUS), cultural transition, Academic adjustment, feeding habits

[1]. Cheng, M., Barnes, G. P., Edwards, C. & Valyrakis, M. (2015). Transition models and how students experience change.
[2]. Olayeni, P. F. T., Omush, R. A. & Ofolabi, A. O. (2018). Factors affecting persistence of freshmen: a case of building technology programme. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 9(6): 1267-1273
[3]. Wangeri, T., Kimani, E. & Mutweleli, S. M. (2012). Transitional challenges facing university first year students in Kenyan public universities: A case study of Kenyatta University. Interdisciplinary Review of Economics and Management 2(1):41-50
[4]. Woodhouse, A. & Lamport, M. A. (2012). The relationship of food and academic performance: a preliminary examination of the factors of nutritional neuroscience, malnutrition, and diet adequacy. Christian Perspectives in Education, 5(1).
[5]. Reuter, P. R., Forster, B. L. & Brister, S. R. (2020). The influence of eating habits on the academic performance of university students. Journal of American College Heal.