IOSR-JHSS   Volume-28 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2023

Abstract: The land tenure systems that were introduced by the British in Madras presidency in the first half of the 19th century made an immense effect on the rural economy. One among the prominent land tenure systems of British was ryotwari system. The ryotwari system though introduced for the first time in Baramahal by Col.Read in 1799, it came to prominence in the Ceded Districts under Thomas Munro, in a modified form. In fact, Munro's system became a model to the whole of the Madras and Bombay presidencies1.
In as much the company's commercial interest was predominant in the first half of the 19th century; the company was trying to restructure its agrarian policy towards commercialization of agriculture. The ryotwari system was viewed as a potential source of translation to change the agrarian base of the Dry district. In the Madras presidency all the dry zones......

[1]. N.Venkataramanayya, Studies in the History of the third dynasty of Vijayanagara (Delhi,1986) p.89
[2]. Ibid., p.170
[3]. Robert Sewell, A forgotten empire, p.96
[4]. Ibid.,p.136
[5]. N.Venkataramanayya, Op.Cit., p.224

Abstract: According to a monitoring report, carried out by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 192 countries suspended school activities as a preventive measure against the spread of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (Covid-19). With the interruption, approximately 1.5 billion students were left without face-to-face classes. The monitoring activities aim to help learners in the search for solutions to existing difficulties in the course of their learning process of Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry, through the discussion of the contents addressed during classes. The teacher, together with the monitors, defined how the teaching process would......

Key Word: Pandemic, Teaching Chemistry, Education, Inclusion

[1]. Pedroso PR, Gisi ML. A pandemia-Covid 19 e os impactos na juventude: educação e trabalho. Revista Práxis. 2020; 12(1) : 185-194.
[2]. Malaquias LS, Oliveira CRS, Gomes LS, Santos JCR, Santos JCO. Covid-19 Pandemic and Safety in Teaching and Learning in Experimental Chemistry Classrooms. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2023; 28 (3) : 17-23.
[3]. Prado L, Carvalho I, Amorim V, Izidoro E. A química na formação inicial de pedagogas: um relato acerca de produção audiovisual. In.: Congresso Internacional de Movimentos Docentes. Caderno Especial SEPAD–PRATIC, 2021.
[4]. Crocce GD, Paiva RMD, Nogueira I, Amorim V, Cinezi GRR, Marques R. Ensino de Ciências em tempos de pandemia: Desafios e possibilidades do ensino remoto. In: BORGES, R. C. (Org.) Educação a Distância e Ensino Remoto: Multifacetas e realidades das práticas docentes. Diadema: V&V Editora, p. 75-92, 2021.
[5]. Silva Filho R, Motejunas PR, Hipólito O, Lobo MBDCM. A evasão no ensino superior brasileiro. Cadernos de Pesquisa. 2007; 37 (132): 641-659

Abstract: Parallel cinema of the 1970s created an "imaginary" yet realist space, seeking to rewrite the metanarrative of the nation. Cinema was a powerful tool used to challenge dominant socio-political processes, ideological state apparatus, hegemonic socio-political structures. Shyam Benegal's third film in his rural trilogy is a controlled exercise in seeking to disrupt a feel-good narrative of nation building, and focus on its ground realities of caste politics and governmentality. The present paper takes a firm look at the film through the lens of developmental politics and shows how Benegal's film creates the space for a realism in cinema that moves beyond the state commissioned documentaries of post-Independence India......

Key Word: developmental politics, statist documentary, postcolonial realist cinema, nation and narration, Shyam Benegal, Manthan

[1]. Manthan .1977. Dir. Shyam Benegal, NFDC
[2]. Burchell, Graham et al ed. The Foucault Effect- Studies in Governmentality. The University of Chicago Press. 1991. Print.
[3]. Needham, Dingwaney Anuradha. New Indian Cinema in Post–Independence India -The Cultural Work of Shyam Benegal. Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2013. Print.
[4]. Prasad, Madhav M. The Ideology of the Hindi Film : A Historical Reconstruction. New Delhi : Oxford India Publications, 1998. Print.
[5]. Rabinow, Paul. The Foucault Reader. London: Penguin Books, 1991. Print
[6]. van der Heide, William. Bollywood Babylon, Interviews with Shyam Benegal. New York : Berg, Oxford International Publishers, 2006. Print.

Abstract: The death pension is among one of the benefits provided by Social Security in Brazil. It happens that, since 2015, it has undergone changes that have made it difficult for those who have the right to access it. The most significant change came with the Pension Reform that occurred in November 2019, which altered its calculation base, economically harming the purchasing power of its beneficiaries. For this reason, this article aimed to address how a benefit whose basis is to help the citizen of an unexpected event, can be changed to diminish the economic power of this. To achieve the intended, some considerations on democracy and social justice were also woven, the analytical-descriptive research of exploratory nature was used, especially in books, scientific articles, and laws related to the theme, in addition to real examples of primordial for the foundation of the proposed objective.

Key Word: Democracy; Social Justice; Death Pension; Calculation

[1]. BALERA, Wagner. A Seguridade Social na Constituição de 1988. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 1989. 133 p. Disponível em: http://www.balera.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/A-seguridade-Social-na-Constituic%CC%A7a%CC%83o-de-1988-%E2%80%93-Wagner-Balera_.pdf. Acesso em: 26 jul. 2021. [2]. BRASIL. Constituição (1988). Constituição Federal, de 5 de outubro de 1988. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Brasília, DF, 5 out. 1988. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicaocompilado.htm. Acesso em: 2 ago. 2021. [3]. BRASIL. Emenda Constitucional n.º 103, de 12 de novembro de 2019. Altera O Sistema de Previdência Social e Estabelece Regras de Transição e Disposições Transitórias. Brasília, DF, Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/emendas/emc/emc103.htm. Acesso em: 1 ago. 2021. [4]. BRASIL. Lei n.º 8.213, de 24 de julho de 1991. Dispõe sobre os planos de benefícios da Previdência Social e dá outras providências. Brasília, DF, 24 jul. 1991. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8213compilado.htm. Acesso em: 26 jul. 2021. [5]. BRASIL. Lei n.º 13.135, de 17 de junho de 2016. Conversão da Medida Provisória n.º 664, de 2014. Altera as Leis n.º 8.213, de 24 de julho de 1991, n.º 10.876, de 2 de junho de 2004, n.º 8.112, de 11 de dezembro de 1990, e n.º 10.666, de 8 de maio de 2003, e dá outras providências. Brasília, DF, 17 jun. 2015. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13135.htm. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2021.

Abstract: The sociocultural origin of languages has not ceased to concern linguists, anthropologists, anatomists, neuroscientists, and paleontologists, since among the characteristics that differentiated society from groups of animals, one of the main ones was their ability to speak. However, the greatest difference between languages and the language of animals was the intrinsic relationships between languages, societies and cultures, since we biologically shared more than 98% of our genes with chimpanzees. Languages served as excellent instruments of expression and communications of cognitive development in Sapien groups, within prehistoric speech communities. Cognitive control was manifested in the lateral prefrontal lobe of the brain, although it was connected to other........

Key Word: Linguistic history, Intrinsic relationships between languages, societies and cultures, Upper Paleolithic, Homo sapiens, The oral record of languages.

[1]. BEADLE, G. and BEADLE, M. (1966), The language of life: An introduction to the science of Genetics, New York.
[2]. BERMEJO, A., PANCHÓN-RUIZ, A. and SÁNCHEZ DEL CAMPO, F. (29019), "Homo Sapiens, chimpanzees and the enigma of language", Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 558.
[3]. BERMEJO, A., PANCHÓN-RUIZ, A. and SÁNCHEZ DEL CAMPO, F. (2021), "Hypothesis about the appearance of the vermillion border off the lips in Homo sapiens",Translational Research in Anatomy, 24, 101-5.
[4]. BERMEJO, A., PANCHÓN-RUIZ, A. and WALKER, M. (2022), "Neanderthals, Sapiens, and chimpanzee mandibles: a comparative study in relation to articulated speech", Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 14, 116.
[5]. CECE, A. and GIMENO, F. (2020), "El impacto de la globalización económica y del anglicismo léxico en los diarios económicos de Italia y España", in GIMENO, F. (coord.) (2020), 129-52.

Abstract: Background: Since the 1990s, inpatient medical care in India and Kerala has increased due to the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases with consequences on higher out-of-pocket health expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure as a fraction of total income exceeding a threshold limit becomes catastrophic for the household and is documented as the major reason for households falling into poverty. Catastrophic health expenditure and headcount ratio due to inpatient medical care in Kerala compared with the national level can provide inputs for inclusive health care policies, particularly on the necessity for social protection and insurance coverage......

Key Word: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure, Catastrophic Health Expenditure, Inpatient Medical Care

[1]. Lagarde, M., & Palmer, N. The impact of health financing strategies on access to health services in low and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018, Apr 11;2018(4):CD006092. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006092.pub2. PMCID: PMC6494435
[2]. Milimo, J., T.Shilito, & K.Brock. The Poor of Zambia Speak: Who Would ever Listen to the Poor?. Zambia Social Investment Fund, Lusaka. 2022.
[3]. Meessen Bruno, Zhenzhong Zhang, Van Damme Wim, Narayanan Devadasan, Bart Criel, & Gerald Bloom. Iatrogenic poverty. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2003, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp.581-584.
[4]. Berki, S.E., A look at catastrophic medical expenses and the poor. Health Affairs. 1986, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp.138-145.
[5]. Government of India. National Health Accounts Estimates for India 2018-2019.National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC).2022. Available from https://nhsrcindia.org/sites/default/files/2022-09/NHA%202018-19_07-09-2022_revised_0.pdf.

Abstract: This article provides an insightful look at the impact of technology on image creation and interpretation within the Ghanaian visual culture, focusing specifically on the images of Kweku Ananse. It focuses on the images (illustrations) of the Ghanaian mythical figure and a trickster, Ananse, who is well known for his smartness. The study analyses the impact of technological advancements on the interpretation of Ananse images within the Ghanaian visual culture. It also highlights the activities of artists using technology in their works and how their works influenced......

Key Word: Technology, Image Creation, Image interpretations, Visual Culture and Kweku Ananse

[1]. Acquah, O. E. (2019). Whose food? Unpublished PhD Dessertation. University of Education, Winneba.
[2]. Amoah, M. (2015). Trickster Discourse and the Dynamics of Cultural Change in Africa: The Case of Ananse. Journal of Pan African Studies, 8 (1), 39-53.
[3]. Bal, M. (1996). Double exposures: The subject of cultural analysis. Routledge.
[4]. Baum, F. (2000). The New Public Health. Oxford University Press.
[5]. Bennett, A. (2014). Visual culture: How technology is changing the way we look at the world. Technology in Society, 36(1), 79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.12.001.

Abstract: Deduction from prior knowledge is the method of metaphysical investigation. It tries to give a coherent account of the structure of the world, capable of explaining our everyday and scientific perception of the world, and free of contradictions, like foundational mathematics, which is sometimes considered a special case of metaphysics applied to the existence of numbers. Numbers can be defined in a variety of ways in mathematics; In a similar vein, there are a lot of different ways to define goals, properties, and objects in metaphysics, as well as concepts of nature and other entities that are said to make up the world. Although fundamental science's postulated entities, such as atoms and superstrings, may be studied as a special case in metaphysics, its primary focus is on the categories of object, property......

Key Word: Metaphysics, Aristotle, First Philosophy, Ontology and Platonism

[1]. John Carroll and Ned Markosian, An Introduction to Metaphysics (Cambridge, 2010)
[2]. Jonathan Tallant, Metaphysics: An Introduction (Continuum, 2011) Michael Jubien, Contemporary Metaphysics: An Introduction (Blackwell, 1997)
[3]. Michael Loux, Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge, 2006)
[4]. David Armstrong, Nominalism and Realism and A Theory of Universals (both Cambridge, 1978)
[5]. Joe Melia, Modality (Acumen, 2003).

Abstract: An attempt has been made to define who a child is in India. The problems associated with often different and contradictory understanding of children as reflected in the legal parlance has been discussed. Children are one of the most vulnerable sections of any society. Violation of the rights of children is a complex process as multiple factors are at play. What makes children vulnerable are their lack of agency, very often children find it hard to understand if their rights have been violated and incidences of crimes against them are either under-reported or not reported at all. To provide protection against violations, the legal framework provides children with legislative support. The different legislations.....

[1]. The Juvenile Justice ( Care and Protection of Children ) Act, 2000
[2]. Ministry Of Law and Justice (Legislative Department)
[3]. Accessed from www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201602.pdf on the 26th of November, 2022.
[4]. The Juvenile Justice ( Care and Protection of Children ) Amendment Act, 2006
[5]. Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs (Legislative Department)..