IOSR-JHSS   Volume-29 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2024

Abstract: The legal recognition of stable unions in Brazil did not occur with the 1916 Code, but only with the promulgation of the 1988 Federal Constitution was it equated with marriage, and the State should guarantee its protection, with no gender distinction. However, it was only in 2011 that the Federal Supreme Court (STF) judged the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (ADI) 4277 and the Argument for Non-compliance with a Fundamental Precept (ADPF), recognizing stable unions between people of the same sex and guaranteeing these couples all the rights and duties assured.....

Key Word: marriage; equalization; evolution; unconstitutionality; repercussions

[1]. Andrade, Fernanda. Análise Do Acórdão Prolatado Pelo Stf No Julgamento Da Adi 4277. Artigo Do Jusbrasil, 2017. Disponível Em: <Https://Ferandradegr.Jusbrasil.Com.Br/Artigos/544793764/Analise-Do-Acordao-Prolatado-Pelo-Stf-Nojulgamento-Da-Adi-4277>. Acesso Em 15 De Out. 2023.
[2]. Areal, Mônica; Fetzner, Néli Luiza C.; Junior, Nelson C. Tavares. A Inconstitucionalidade Na Sucessão Da União Estável. Disponível Em: <Https://Www.Emerj.Tjrj.Jus.Br/Revistas/Artigos-Cientificos-Dos-Alunos/Volumes/Volume7_N2_2015/Pdf/Sabrinaantonioantunes.Pdf >. Acesso Em: 24 De Jan. 2023.
[3]. Barroso, Luís Roberto. A Dignidade Da Pessoa Humana No Direito Constitucional Contemporâneo: Natureza Jurídica, Conteúdos Mínimos E Critérios De Aplicação. Versão Provisória Para Debate Público. Mimeografado, P. 04, 2010. Disponível Em: < Https://Luisrobertobarroso.Com.Br/Wp-Content/Uploads/2016/06/Dignidade_Texto-Base_11dez2010.Pdf >. Acesso Em: 15 Out. 2023.
[4]. Brandão, Fernanda. Sucessão Na União Estável. Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí. Univali Centro De Ciências Jurídicas, Políticas E Sociais–Cejurps. Itajaí (Sc), Maio De, 2007. Disponível Em: <Http://Siaibib01.Univali.Br/Pdf/Fernanda%20brand%C3%A3o.Pdf>.Acesso Em: 19 De Nov. De 2023.
[5]. Brasil. Lei Nº 3.071, De 1º De Janeiro De 1916. De Código Civil De 1916. Disponível Em

Abstract: The Eritrea-Djibouti border conflict is a longstanding and complex issue in the Horn of Africa, a region that has witnessed several interstate and intrastate wars, as well as humanitarian crises, in the past decades. This research paper examines the historical and geopolitical context of the conflict, which dates back to the colonial era and involves disputed territories along the Red Sea coast. The paper also explores its ramifications on the Afar Regional State of Ethiopia, a neighboring entity that shares ethnic and cultural ties with both Djibouti and Eritrea, and faces....

Key Word: Eritrea-Djibouti border conflict; Horn of Africa; Afar Regional State; mediation; peacekeeping; pastoralism; trade; security

[1]. Mulugeta, Meharitaddele. "Borders, Borderlands And Bordering Processes: A Conceptual Framework." Horn Of Africa Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 5, 2013, Pp. 1-8.
[2]. Wikipedia."Djiboutian–Eritrean Border Conflict."Wikipedia.Org, 2021.
[3]. Bbc. "What Is Behind Tension Between Eritrea And Djibouti?" Bbc.Com, 2017.
[4]. Al Jazeera. "Djibouti Accuses Eritrea Of Occupying Disputed Territory." Aljazeera.Com, 2017.
[5]. Un News. "Un Security Council Urges Peaceful Resolution Of Djibouti-Eritrea Border Dispute." News.Un.Org, 2017.

Abstract: Employment is fundamental pre-requisite to raise per capita income and eradicate household poverty. Poor employment opportunity is one of the key reasons for the endurance of poverty in India. After independence and particularly from the Fifth Five Year Plan onwards, Government of India has initiated several rural development programmes for raising rural employment for the alleviation of rural poverty. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee....

Key words: NREGA/MGNREGA/MGNREGS, Convergence, BPL and APL Household, Social Capital

[1]. Radhakrishna R (2005): "Food And Nutrition Security Of The Poor: Emerging Perspectives And Policy Issues", Economic And Political Weekly, April, 30.
[2]. Nikhil Dey, Jean Dreze & Reetika Khera (2006): Employment Guarantee Act: A Primer, New Delhi.
[3]. Ahmad, Ehtisham, Jean Dreze, John Hills And A. Sen (1991): Social Security In Developing Countries, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
[4]. Mahendra Dev, S. (1995): Government Interventions And Social Security For Rural Labour, Indian Journal Of Labour Economics, Vol.38, No.3.
[5]. Puja Dutta, Rinku Murgai, Martin Ravallion, (2012): Does India's Employment Guarantee Scheme Guarantee Employment? April 21, 2012 Vol. Xlvii No. 16 Economic & Political Weekly.

Abstract: The paper examines the internal migration patterns of people and their political participation that move to Rangpur city, Bangladesh, from different district either on their own or with their families. There are many forms of political participation. Such as giving vote, participate in campaigning, participate in political committee, participate in different decision making etc. This study was concern about thus political participation of migrants. Te main objectives of present study were to find out the political condition of internally migrated people compared to the local people. The findings of this work show that the factors and impact of migration on their livelihood and political condition. It was also finding out their previous status and political participation....

[1]. Islam, M. (2015). Causes And Consequences Of Rural-Urban Migration: A Study Of Migrant Street Vendors In Dhaka City(Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Dhaka).
[2]. Source :World Economic Forum: Migration And Its Impact On Cities
[3]. Farhana, K., Rahman, S. A., & Rahman, M. (2012). Factors Of Migration In Urban Bangladesh: An Empirical Study Of Poor Migrants In Rahshahi City. Available At Ssrn 2517201.
[4]. Haider, U., & Kabir, S. (2010). Factors Of Migration On Urban Bangladesh: An Empirical Study Of Poor Migrants In Rajshahi City. Pakistan Journal Of Social Sciences (Pjss), 30(2).
[5]. Srivastava, R., & Pandey, A. K. (2017). Internal And International Migration In South Asia: Drivers, Interlinkage And Policy Issues. United Nations Educational, Scientific, And Cultural Organization (Unesco), 1-62.

Abstract: During the period of French colonial rule in Pondicherry (1674-1954), education underwent significant developments shaped by French policies and cultural influences. This paper details the educational system prevailed during the French regime. It also analyses the role of different religious congregations, that played a vital role for educational developments among the Pondicherry people. The French and the missionaries tried a variety of approaches to teach the natives about India's dominant political and cultural ethos. Foreign missionaries soon realised that they needed to convert the locals in addition to conducting business with them. When the French government were entirely....

[1]. Ajit K. Neogy, Decolonization of French India: Liberation Movement and Indo French Relations 1947-1954. Pondicherry: Institut Francaise de Pondichery, 1997.
[2]. Alagappan N., Social Conditions in the Medieval Tamil Country. Chidambaram: Thiruvarul Publications, 1998.
[3]. Alalasundaram R., The Colonial World of Ananda Ranga Pillai (1736-1761). Pondicherry: 1998.
[4]. Anchukandam, T. The First Synod of Pondicherry 1844: A Study based on Archival Sources. Bangalore: Eighteenth Century, 1994.
[5]. Aronowitz Stanlely and Giroux Henry A., Education under Siege: Conservative, Liberal, and Radical Debate over Schooling. South Hadly, Massachusetts: Bergin and Gravy, 1985..