IOSR-JHSS   Volume-31 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2026

Abstract: Bangladesh is a small and one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Excessive population, overwhelming poverty, social inequity, socio-political corruption etc. are major socio-economic problems in our country. Among the multi-dimensional socio-economic problems, Bangladesh faces various natural disasters almost every year. Flood is one of them. Due to flood, a massive area of our country goes under water and damages the physical and cultural environment. Much people especially the riverine poor people suffer an unwanted situation.....

Keywords: Socio-economic structure, riverine people, Teesta river

[1]. Agarwala, S. Et Al. (2003). Devélopment Et Changement Climatique Au Bangladesh: Accent Sur Iˊinondation Des Côtes Et La Région Des Sundarbans, OCDE, Paris.
[2]. BBS. (2013). Population And Housing Census-2011. Community Report: Rangpur. Bangladesh Bureau Of Statistics. Statistics And Informatics Division (SID). Ministry Of Planning. Government Of The People’s Republic Of Bangladesh.
[3]. ESCAP. (2003). Modalities For Environmental Assessment: Flood Loss Control In Bangladesh, In Integrating Environmental Considerations Into Economic Policy Making Process, United Nations, New York.
[4]. Islam, M. N., Azam, M. A. And Islam, Q. R. (2004). Teesta River Water Sharing: A Case Study In Teesta Barrage Project. Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Dhaka. Bangladesh.
[5]. Kaunia Balapara Union Parishad. (2016). Five Years Planning And Budget Book (2016-217 To 2020-2021). (In Bengali). Union Parishad Governance Project. Kaunia Balapara Union Parishad, Kaunia, Rangpur. Bangladesh

Abstract: Background: Developing effective, community-based mental health programming for adolescents in low-resource settings requires a foundational understanding of their localised knowledge and attitudes. In Sakubva, a high-density suburb of Mutare, Zimbabwe, adolescents face significant psychosocial stressors, yet data to inform contextually relevant interventions remain scarce. This study aimed to map the mental health literacy and prevailing attitudes among adolescents in Sakubva to establish an evidence base for future intervention design. Materials and Methods.....

Keywords: Adolescent mental health, Mental health literacy, Mental health stigma, Help seeking behaviour, Sakubva (Zimbabwe).

[1]. Aggarwal, S. (2012). Stigma And Mental Health: A Review. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research.
[2]. Chibanda, D., Et Al. (2016). The Friendship Bench Programme: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. JAMA Psychiatry.
[3]. Fergusson, D. M., & Woodward, L. J. (2002). Mental Health, Educational, And Social Role Outcomes Of Adolescents With Depression. Archives Of General Psychiatry.
[4]. Gureje, O., Et Al. (2005). Knowledge And Attitudes About Mental Illness. Social Psychiatry And Psychiatric Epidemiology.
[5]. Jorns-Presentati, A., Et Al. (2021). The Prevalence Of Mental Health Problems In Sub-Saharan Adolescents. Journal Of Adolescent Health

Abstract: The Nationalisation of Banks were the important event which happened in the Post-Independence history of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi the first and the only female Prime Minister should be given due credit for this. Nationalisation of Banks helped a lot in improving the Indian Economy before nationalisation only the elite and high-class people had access to the banking facilities and they were the one who were only benefited but after the nationalisation.....

Keywords: Banks, Nationalisation, credit, equitable distribution, public savings etc.,

[1]. Publications Division. (1969). Selected Speeches Of Indira Gandhi (Jan 1966–Aug 1969). New Delhi.
[2]. Ibid., P 128.
[3]. Ibid., P 130.
[4]. Ibid., P 131..

Abstract: Naturalistic Intelligence, as proposed in Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences, refers to the capacity to observe, understand, and respond sensitively to elements of the natural world. Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in India represent a vast reservoir of ecological wisdom developed over centuries through lived experience, cultural traditions, and sustainable practices. These systems reflect a deeply embedded form of Naturalistic Intelligence, expressed through traditional agriculture, biodiversity conservation, ethno-medicine, water management, and climate-responsive lifestyles. This paper examines the interrelationship between Naturalistic Intelligence and Indigenous..

Keywords: Naturalistic Intelligence, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Education for Sustainable Development, Environmental Literacy, Indian Education, Sustainability, NEP 2020

[1]. Agrawal, A. (1995). Dismantling The Divide Between Indigenous And Scientific Knowledge. Development And Change, 26(3), 413–439. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1467-7660.1995.Tb00560.X
[2]. Agrawal, A., & Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment And Disenchantment: The Role Of Community In Natural Resource Conservation. World Development, 27(4), 629–649. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2
[3]. Altieri, M. A., & Nicholls, C. I. (2004). Biodiversity And Pest Management In Agroecosystems. Haworth Press.
[4]. Altieri, M. A., & Toledo, V. M. (2011). The Agroecological Revolution In Latin America: Rescuing Nature, Ensuring Food Sovereignty And Empowering Peasants. Journal Of Peasant Studies, 38(3), 587–612.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/03066150.2011.582947
[5]. Battiste, M. (2002). Indigenous Knowledge And Pedagogy In First Nations Education. Indian And Northern Affairs Canada.

Abstract: Employing digital ethnography, this study explores the portrayal of women’s achievements in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana through digital folk songs uploaded to YouTube between 2019 and 2024. It explores the oral traditional genres and their digital manifestations, as well as the local cultural codes that shape women’s empowerment rhetoric in the digital space.
The 15 selected....

[1]. Batliwala, S. (2010). Taking The Power Out Of Empowerment – An Experiential Account. Development In Practice, 17(4–5), 557–565. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09614520701469559
[2]. Chillara, H. (2025). How Successful Stories Are Told? Women’s Voices In Oral Histories As Catalysts For Empowerment In Andhra Pradesh Vis-À-Vis Telangana [Conference Abstract].
[3]. Cleland, J. (2022). Doing Digital Ethnography: Methodological Issues And Ethical Challenges. Qualitative Research Journal, 22(1), 8–24. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/QRJ-11-2020-0157
[4]. Jassal, S. T. (2020). Unearthing Gender: Folksongs Of North India. Duke University Press.
[5]. Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections On The Measurement Of Women’S Empowerment. Development And Change, 30(3), 435–464. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125

Abstract: This study examines knowledge as a form of moderation practice, thereby helping to limit the over-exploitation of resources. Based on the Buddhist concept of santuṭṭhi (contentment), the article analyzes the role of knowledge in fostering psychological stability and at the same time forming a sense of awareness towards the environment. On the basis of a simple and adequate lifestyle, the article gives some examples of sustainable ways of living rooted in the spirit of knowledge. Thereby, the study shows that knowledge can be seen as a practical ethical foundation towards ecological harmony in the current social context...

[1]. Buddhadatta Mahāthera, A. P. Concise Pali–English Dictionary. Colombo: Buddhist Publication Society, N.D. S.V. “Santuṭṭhi.”
[2]. Aṅguttara Nikāya. Aṅguttara Nikāya 4.27: Santuṭṭhisutta. Translated By Bhikkhu Sujato.
[3]. Suttacentral. Accessed February 2, 2026. Https://Suttacentral.Net/An4.27/En/Sujato
[4]. Aṅguttara Nikāya. Aṅguttara Nikāya 4.28: Ariyavaṁsa Sutta (The Noble Traditions). Translated By Bhikkhu Sujato. Suttacentral. Accessed February 11, 2026. Https://Suttacentral.Net/An4.28/En/Sujato
[5]. Dīgha Nikāya. Dīgha Nikāya 2: Sāmaññaphala Sutta (The Fruits Of The Ascetic Life). Translated By Bhikkhu Sujato. Suttacentral. Accessed February 11, 2026. Https://Suttacentral.Net/Dn2/En/Sujato.

Abstract: Background: Contemporary antinatalist philosophy challenges the moral permissibility of procreation by emphasising the inevitability of suffering inherent in human existence. Buddhist ethics similarly foreground suffering (dukkha) as a defining condition of life, while proposing liberation from suffering through ethical discipline and insight. This paper examines whether the ethical rejection of procreation defended by modern antinatalism can be meaningfully interpreted through Buddhist ethical thought. Methodology:...

Key Word: Antinatalism; Buddhist ethics; Procreation; Non-maleficence; Reproductive responsibility

[1]. Cripps E. Population, Climate Change, And Global Justice: A Moral Framework For Debate. J Popul Sustain. 2017;1(2):23-36.
Doi:10.3197/Jps.2017.1.2.23
[2]. Benatar D. Better Never To Have Been: The Harm Of Coming Into Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
[3]. Häyry M, Sukenick A. Imposing A Lifestyle: A New Argument For Antinatalism. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2023;33(2):1-22.
Doi:10.1017/S0963180123000385
[4]. Rahula W. What The Buddha Taught. 2nd Ed. New York: Grove Press; 1974.
[5]. Cooper DE, James SP. Buddhism, Virtue And Environment. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2005..

Abstract: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has served as a pillar for rural employment and livelihood security in India since its passage in 2005. Notwithstanding its successes, the program has had ongoing implementation issues, such as capacity limitations at the local level and wage payment delays. The Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rojgar and Ajeevika Mission Gramin (VB-G RAM G) is a new policy effort that aims to improve livelihood outcomes and reimagine rural employment in response to changing rural livelihood demands. This research paper explores the origins and justification of VB-G RAM G Act 2025, critically evaluates the difficulties in implementing MGNREGA, and talks about the policy implications for rural development......

Keywords: MGNREGA, VB-GRAM G, Rural Employment, Social Inclusion

[1]. Bhattarai, M., Viswanathan, P., Mishra, R. N., & Bantilan, C. (2018). Employment Guarantee Programme And Dynamics Of Rural
Transformation In India. Springer Publication.
[2]. Chakrabarty, B., & Chand, P. (2016). Public Policy Concept, Theory And Practice. Mathura: Sage Publication.
[3]. Chakrabarty, B., & Kandpal, P. C. (2025). Public Policy In India. Routledge.
[4]. Department Of Rural Development. (2025). Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). Retrieved January
2026, From Department Of Rural Development (DORD), Government Of India: Https://Www.Dord.Gov.In/Offerings/Schemes-
And-Services/Details/Mahatma-Gandhi-Rural-Employment-Guarantee-Act-Mgnrega-Gn2ctntqwa
[5]. Elsevier. (N.D.). Feminist Economics. Retrieved February 2026, From Sciencedirect Topics:
Https://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Topics/Social-Sciences/Feminist-Economics.

Abstract: This article examines the transformation of the ecological approach from a predominantly instrumental strategy for environmental protection into a sustainable value model embedded within the normative structure of society. The study develops a conceptual framework grounded in ecological ethics, theories of sustainable development, and socio-economic transformation. It argues that ecological sustainability cannot be achieved solely through...

Keywords: ecological ethics; sustainable development; value transformation; circular economy; environmental education; social change

[1]. Jonas, H. (1984). The Imperative Of Responsibility: In Search Of An Ethics For The Technological Age. University Of Chicago Press.
[2]. Leopold, A. (1949). A Sand County Almanac. Oxford University Press.
[3]. Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. W. (1972). The Limits To Growth. Universe Books.
[4]. United Nations (1987). Report Of The World Commission On Environment And Development: Our Common Future. Oxford University Press.
[5]. Daly, H. E. (1996). Beyond Growth: The Economics Of Sustainable Development. Beacon Press.

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the application and impact of information technology in public administration and society within the Brazilian Amazon. In this regard, technology is defined as expertise—rooted in scientific knowledge and practical mechanisms—cultivated via activities associated with the creation of commodities, inputs, and services provided to residents. Information technology in public administration has profoundly altered governmental interactions with society. Advanced management technologies enhance agility, speed, transparency, and efficiency in sectoral operations, improving the allocation of public resources and facilitating the functions of public managers and civil officials....

Keywords: Public Administration; Information Technology; Agility; Transparency; Civil Servant.

[1]. M. Castells, A Sociedade Em Rede (Rio De Janeiro: Paz E Terra, 1999).
[2]. A.L. Albertin And R.M.M. Albertin, Revista De Administração Pública, 42 (Rio De Janeiro: Rap, 2008).
[3]. M.S.Z. Di Pietro, Direito Administrativo (São Paulo: Atlas, 2014).
[4]. Brasil, Constituição Da República Federativa Do Brasil (Brasília, Df: Senado Federal, 1988).
[5]. G.S. Junquilho, Teorias Da Administração Pública (Florianópolis: Departamento De Ciências Da Administração / Ufsc, 2010).
[6]. L. Marins, Título Da Obra (Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2005). (Nota: Verifique O Título Exato Desta Obra No Seu Material Original).

Abstract: As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in educational environments, a new generation of emotion-sensitive AI systems has emerged, capable of detecting, interpreting, and responding to learners’ emotional states. While these technologies promise enhanced personalization, engagement, and emotional support, they also introduce complex ethical risks related to privacy, emotional manipulation, bias, and learner autonomy. Despite growing attention to AI ethics in education, there remains a lack of ethical guidelines specifically...

Keywords: Emotion-sensitive AI; AI ethics in education; ethical guidelines; digital citizenship; emotional data privacy

[1]. Barrett, L. F., Adolphs, R., Marsella, S., Martinez, A. M., & Pollak, S. D. (2019). Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges To Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements. Psychological Science In The Public Interest, 20(1), 1–68.
[2]. Biesta, G. (2015). Good Education In An Age Of Measurement: Ethics, Politics, Democracy. Routledge.
[3]. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis In Psychology. Qualitative Research In Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
[4]. Calvo, R. A., & D’Mello, S. (2010). Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review Of Models, Methods, And Their Applications. IEEE Transactions On Affective Computing, 1(1), 18–37.
[5]. Choi, M. (2016). A Concept Analysis Of Digital Citizenship For Democratic Education. Educational Technology Research And Development, 64(4), 611–629.

Abstract: Language functions as a fundamental medium through which human beings communicate ideas, emotions, and cultural knowledge across generations. While oral traditions sustain cultural continuity, the emergence of a writing system strengthens linguistic preservation by enabling documentation and systematic transmission of knowledge. The Saora community of Odisha witnessed such a transformation when Guru Mangei Gamango introduced the Saora script, known as Sorang Sompeng, in 1936. The present study examines the historical background, cultural foundations, and structural organization of this script using primary ethnographic data. The paper analyzes the religious symbolism...

Keywords: Saora, Language, Script, Sorang Sompeng, Saora Script, Tribal, Tribal Language

[1]. Crystal, D. (2000). Language Death. Cambridge University Press.
[2]. Dirks, N. B. (2001). Castes Of Mind: Colonialism And The Making Of Modern India. Princeton University Press.
[3]. Duranti, A. (1997). Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.
[4]. Durkheim, É. (1912/1995). The Elementary Forms Of Religious Life (K. E. Fields, Trans.). Free Press.
[5]. Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge University Press..

Abstract: The rise of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in West Bengal represents a significant phase in the transformation of regional politics in post-independence India. Emerging from the split in the Communist movement in 1964, the CPI(M) gradually consolidated its base through trade union activism, peasant mobilization,...

Keywords: Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), Left Front, Land Reforms, Trade Union Movement, United Front Government (West Bengal)

[1]. Banerjee, P. (1984). West Bengal: The Left Experiment. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi. (Pp. 23–45, 67–89).
[2]. Bose, S. (1986). Agrarian Bengal: Economy, Social Structure And Politics, 1919–1947. Cambridge South Asian Studies, 38, 1–320. Cambridge University Press.
[3].Brass, P. R. (1994). The Politics Of India Since Independence (2nd Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Pp. 210–235).
[4]. Chatterjee, P. (1984). Bengal Politics: Stability And Change. Asian Survey, 24(9), 979–995.
[5]. Chatterjee, P. (1997). The Present History Of West Bengal: Essays In Political Criticism. Delhi: Oxford University Press. (Pp. 15–38, 72–96)..

Abstract: Gender is not merely a biological category, but it is socially constructed and continuously performed identity. Femininity, in particular, is constructed and sustained through the disciplined regulation and beautification of the female body. This paper examines beauty as a central element in the construction of femininity and explores its implications for women’s body image formation and mental health. The female body emerges as a primary site where culturally sanctioned norms of beauty are inscribed and regulated. Beauty practices ranging from grooming...

Keyword: Gender, Beauty, Body Image, Body Dissatisfaction, Mental health

[1]. Backman, C. W., & Adams, M. (1991). Social Psychology Of Identity And Self-Concept. In A. M. Messick & J. F. Kihlstrom (Eds.), Social Psychology: A General Reader. Mcgraw-Hill.
[2]. Banet-Weiser, S. (2015). Empowered: Popular Feminism And Popular Misogyny. Duke University Press.
[3]. Bartky, S. L. (1988). Foucault, Femininity, And The Modernization Of Patriarchal Power. In I. Diamond & L. Quinby (Eds.), Feminism And Foucault: Reflections On Resistance (Pp. 61–86). Northeastern University Press[4].
Bauman, Z. (2008). The Art Of Life. Polity Press.
[5]. Beauvoir, S. De. (1988). The Second Sex (H. M. Parshley, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original Work Published 1949)