iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Life Cycle Costing Method
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Real Jagdishsingh, Rahul S. Patil
	:	10.9790/1684-11220105

Abstract: The determination of the costs is an integral part of the asset management process and is basic factor in the facility management toolbox, particularly for economic, financial appraisal, Value engineering and Risk analysis. In the past comparisons of project alternatives whether at the concept level or a detailed design level have been made purely on the initial capital cost parameters. But with the promoter now becoming the life time owner of the facility, he is now supposed to maintain and operate the facility and now that is not someone else but his own responsibility. Life Cycle Cost can be called as an economic analysis procedure that uses engineering inputs to compare competing alternatives all significant costs and express the results in equivalent rupees. Life cycle costing is a concept wherein project alternatives are selected based on the total costs that incur over the life of the project right from inception to the creation to operations and maintenance to final disposal after the expiry of the useful life span of the project.
Index Terms: LCC, Life span, Capital Cost, operation and maintenance cost.

[1] ISO 15686-5:2008(E)
[2] The NIST handbook 135, 1995 Edition.
[3] Department of Education and Early Developments Cost Model Spreadsheet.
[4] New Southmwales Treasury – Total Asset management- Life cycle costing guideline.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Dynamic analysis of squat shear wall using nonlinear finite element method
Country	:	India
Authors	:	R. Ramya
	:	10.9790/1684-11220620

Abstract: Shear wall has been considered as a major lateral load-resisting element in multistoried building located in wind- or earthquake-prone zone. The behavior of shear wall under various loading conditions has been the subject of intense research for the last few decades. The behavior of shear walls without openings is completely well understood and well documented in literature. The use of squat shear wall has been found in many low-rise buildings. On the other hand, squat shear walls may also be provided with openings due to the functional requirement such as placement of doors/windows in the building.

[1] Ahmad S, Irons BM, Zienkiewicz OC: Analysis of thick and thin shell structures by curved finite elements. Int J Numerical Methods Eng 1970, 2:419-451.
[2] Archer GC, Whalen TM: Development of rotationally consistent diagonal mass matrices for plate and beam elements.
Comput Methods Appl Eng 2006, 194:675-689.
[3] Baratta A, Corbi O: An approach to masonry structural analysis by the no-tension assumption—part 1: material modeling, theoretical setup, and closed form solutions. ASME Appl Mech Rev 2010, 63:1-17.
[4] Baratta A, Corbi O: FRP composites retrofitting for protection of monumental and ancient constructions. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 2012, 6:361-367. Baratta A, Corbi I, Corbi O: Stress analysis of masonry structures: arches, walls and vaults, structural analysis of historic construction: preserving safety and significance.
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on structural analysis of historic construction, SAHC08 2008, 1:321-329.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design and Analysis of Automobile Bumper with the Capacity of Energy Release
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K.Ashok Kumar, N.Boominathan.ME.,(PhD)., D.Akilan.MTech
	:	10.9790/1684-11222127

Abstract: The goal of this work is to mitigate the degree of damage to passengers caused by automobile collisions. Crash phenomena involving road vehicles were investigated for the purpose of developing an impact attenuation design that can withstand speeds higher than the current specified range of up to 4 km/h (for a bumper). Different impact attenuation systems in the vehicle were studied with emphasis on the bumper modeling, analysis and design. A mathematical model for a bumper was developed.

[1] AASHTO (2001). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington D.C.
[2] Abe, G. and Richardson, J. (2006). Alarm timing, trust and driver expectation for forward collision warning systems: Applied Ergonomics; 37: 577-586.
[3] Afukaar, F. K., ANTWI, P. and Ofosu-Amaah, S. (2003). "Pattern of Road Traffic Injuries in Ghana: Implications for Control." Injury Control and Safety Promotion 10 (1-2): p. 69-76.
[4] Aiken, I. D., Nims, D. K. Whittaker, A. S. and Kelly, J. M. (1993), Testing of
[5] Passive Energy Dissipation Systems: Earthquake Spectra, v. 3

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigation to Increases the Strength and Workability of Concrete by Using Bottle Caps with Admixture
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K. G. Devaki, J. Seenuvasan
	:	10.9790/1684-11222831

Abstract: Advancements in technology enhances not only human comforts but also damages the environment. Use of metals as containers has become popular and safe, especially to carry the liquids. Today the construction industry is in need of finding cost effective materials for increasing the strength of concrete structures. Hence an attempt has been made in the present investigations to study the influence of addition of waste materials like soft drink bottle caps from workshop at a dosage of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5% of total weight of concrete as fibres. The soft drink bottle caps were deformed into the rectangular strips of 3mm width and 10mm length. Experimental investigation was done using M35 mix and tests were carried out as per recommended procedures by relevant codes. super plasticizers is practiced for production of flowing, self compacting and for the production of high strength and high performance concrete. In this investigation tecmix550 used as chemical admixturest.

[1] IS: 383-1970, "specification for coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete", Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
[2] Youjiang Wang H.C.Wu and Vitor C.Li (2000) ,"Concrete Reinforcement with Recycled Fibers",Journal of Materials In Civil Engineering / November 2000.
[3] Shetty, M.S (2001) "Concrete technology theory and practice", S.Chand and company.
[4] Saud Al Otaibi(2008),"Recycling Steel Mill Scale as Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortars", European Journal of Scientific Research,Volume. 24, No.3, ISSN 1450-216X.
[5] Venu Malagavelli and Neelakanteswara Rao Patura,(2011), "Strength Characteristics of Concrete Using Solid Waste an Experimental Investigation", International Journalof Earth Sciences and Engineering, Volume. 4, No. 6, ISSN 0974-5904.
[6] Zainab Z.Ismail and Enas a.Al-Hashmi (2011), "Validation of Using Mixed Iron and Plastic Wastes in Concrete", Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and technologies, ISBN 978-1-4507-1490-7.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mathematical Modelling and Experimental Validation of Solar Assisted Heat Pump System
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Mahbubul Muttakin, Zakaria Mohd. Amin
	:	10.9790/1684-11223241

Abstract: Singapore is located at the equator, with abundant supply of solar radiation, relatively high ambient temperature and relative humidity throughout the year. The meteorological conditions of Singapore are favourable for efficient operation of solar energy based systems. Solar assisted heat pump systems are built on the roof-top of National University of Singapore's Faculty of Engineering. The objectives of this study include the design and performance evaluation of a solar assisted heat-pump system for water desalination, water heating and drying of clothes. Using MATLAB programming language, a 2-dimensional simulation model has been developed to conduct parametric studies on the system. The system shows good prospect to be implemented in both industrial and residential applications and would give new opportunities in replacing conventional energy sources with green renewable energy.

Keywords: Desalination, Heat pump, Simulation, Solar thermal..

[1] Quarmby, Ian, Structural Adhesive: A bonding alternative for Solar panels. ElectroIQ. The Portal for Electronic Manufacturing. [Online] March 23, 2010. [Cited: march 29, 2010.] http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/photovoltaics-article-display/5066567015/articles/Photovoltaics-World/bos-components/module-assembly/2010/march/structural-adhesives.html.
[2] Water.org. Water.org. [Online] October 22, 2009. [Cited: January 16, 2010.] http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/facts/.
[3] Water for Life. United Nation Water. [Online] 2006. [Cited: December 3, 2009.] http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/background.html.
[4] Gleick, Peter H.,The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, The World's Water, p. xi., 2009.
[5] Khawaji, Akili D and Ibrahim K. Kutubkhanah, Jong-Mihn Wie., Advances in seawater desalination technologies, Desalination, 2008, 47-69.
[6] Ozgener, Onder and Hepbasli, Arif., A review on the energy and exergy analysis of solar assisted heat pump systems., Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007, 482-496.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Green Buildings and Sustainable Development
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Seyed Hossein Abedian Kalkhoran, Dr.S.S.Pimplikar
	:	10.9790/1684-11224246

Abstract: Man has constructed buildings for working, living and leisure since the advent of civilization. Over the centuries, many architectural styles evolved and buildings became more complex. During the last hundred years or so, the energy consumed in buildings for lighting, heating and cooling has increased enormously. This, in turn, has led to a sharp increase in the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity derived from them. As the world faces increasing environmental and resource related problems, it is imperative that we design and construct buildings that would be energy efficient.

[1] brwillis - 2012 - digital.library.txstate.edu [2] cj kibert - 2012 - books.google.com [3] mrossi, t lent - designing the 21 st century hospital, 2006 - chemicalspolicy.net [4] report 22: sustainable raw materials: construction and demolition waste–state-of-the-art report of rilem technical committee 165-srm
[5] http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/basics.htm
[6] http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ecofriendlyconstructionmethodsmaterials.html
[7] http://www.magaddinoarchitecture.com/sustainable/

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Concrete Mix Design with Portland Pozzolana Cements
Country	:	India
Authors	:	T. Yathish
	:	10.9790/1684-11224751

Abstract: The Indian standard IS:456-2000 recommends the use of Portland pozzolana cement formerly known as blended cement as well as mineral admixtures for concrete mixes provided that there are satisfactory data on their suitability, such as performance test on concrete containing them. In the present paper concrete mix design with blended cement is presented based on relevant latest I.S. codes.

[1]. IS:456-2000 (fourth revision)code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete structures, BIS New Delhi
[2]. IS:10262-1982, Recommended guideline for conc. mix design, BIS, Feb 1983 , BIS New Delhi.
[3]. IS:10262-2009, Concrete mix proportioning – Guide lines July, 2009 , BIS New Delhi.
[4]. IS:383 – 1970, Specification for coarse and Fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete BIS New Delhi.
[5]. Shetty, M. S., Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, 2005, S Chand & Co. New Delhi.
[6]. Roy Sabyasachi, Pumped concrete with admixtures, Civil Engineering & Construction Review, 2004 pp 51-54.
[7]. N. Krishnaraju, Design of Concrete Mixes, CBS publishers, Delhi, 1993.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Quality Function Deployment Applied On Pvc Plumbing And Cast Iron Plumbing
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Avadhesh Singh Gurjar, Dr. M.K Trivedi
	:	10.9790/1684-11225260

Abstract: QFD is a methodology , which establishes a relationship between product descriptor & customer expectation. It is also determine products sale ability and carryout it to a high liable during the process. In this study, QFD methodology was implement in the plumbing services such as PVC plumbing and cast iron plumbing. This study is an effort to try to develop the awareness & importance of plumbing services and its utilization in productive manner among the people. The aim of this study is to use the better plumbing services as per customer requirement, we observed some functional problem. In the first step which is developed by customer voice the relationship which is customer requirement and technical description is determine by QFD and finally calculation all item are evaluated.

Key words: building house of quality, Cast iron plumbing, PVC plumbing, QFD methodology.

[1] Ahmed, S. M., and Kangari R. (1996). ''Quality function deployment in building construction.'' Proc., 8th Symp. on Quality Function Deployment, GOAL/QPC, Novi, Mich., 209–220.
[2] Akao, Y. (1990). ''History of quality function deployment in Japan.'' The best on quality, IAQ Book Ser., International Academy for Quality, Frankfurt, Germany, Vol. 3, 183–196.
[3] Arditi, D. and Lee, D.E. (2003). Assessing the corporate service quality performance of designbuild contractors using quality function deployment, Construction Management and Economics 21: 175-185.
[4] Besterfield, D.H., Besterfield-Michna, C., Besterfield G. and Besterfield-Sacre, M. (1995). Total Quality Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
[5] Chan, L.K. and Wu, M.L. (2003). Quality Function Deployment: A Comprehensive Review of Its Concepts and Methods .Quality Engineering 15(1), pp. 23–35.
[6] Chan, L.K. and Wu, M.L. (2002). Quality function deployment: A literature review. European Journal of Operational Research, 143, pp.463–497.
[7] Cohen, L. (1995). Quality Function Deployment: How to Make QFD Work for You, 1st Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	To Study The Partial Replacement Of Cement By FA & RHA And Natural Sand By Quarry Sand In Concrete
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rinki .K. Khot, R. S. Deotale, Abhijeet R. Narde
	:	10.9790/1684-11226168

Abstract: Large scale exploitation of natural sand creates environmental impact on society. River sand is most commonly used fine aggregate in concrete but due to acute shortage in many areas, availability, cost & environmental impact are the major concern. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of sand with quarry sand can be an economic alternative. Quarry sand has been used in different construction purposes but replacement technology has emerged as an innovative development to civil engineering material. Design mix of M20 grade concrete with replacement of 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%,60% of quarry sand have been considered for laboratory test i.e slump test, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, permeable voids and acid attack. (Cubes, cylinders, beams sample). The detailed study is on the effect of partial replacement of cement with Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash on concrete. In this project different combination of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash as a partial replacement of cement and river sand by quarry sand is carried out. The composition of 7.5% Rice Husk Ash + 22.5% Fly Ash with 60% of quarry sand gives maximum strength results.
Keywords: Admixture, Cement, Fly Ash(FA), Quarry sand(QS), Rice Husk Ash(RHA).

[1] Manguriu1, G.N., Karugu2, C.K., Oyawa3, W.O., Abuodha4, S.O. And Mulu5, P.U.1, 2, 3, 5 Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology "Partial Replacement Of Natural River Sand With crushed Rock Sand In Concrete Production"
[2] R. S. Deotale, S. H. Sathawane, A.R. Narde Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering , Nagpur, MH, India 441110 " Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash with Using Steel Fibres in Concrete"
[3] Satish D. Kene1, Pravin V. Domke2, Sandesh D. Deshmukh3, R.S.Deotale Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering , Nagpur, MH, India 441110 "Assessment OF Concrete Strength Using Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash"
[4] Manguriu1, G.N., Karugu2, C.K., Oyawa3, W.O., Abuodha4, S.O. And Mulu5, P.U.1, 2, 3, 5 Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology "Partial Replacement Of Natural River Sand With crushed Rock Sand In Concrete Production"
[5] D. S. Rajendra Prasad Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, S.I.T., Tumkur –572103S. Suresh Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, S.I.T., Tumkur –572103, G. S. Shashidhar Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, S.I.T., Tumkur –572103 " Effect of RHA and CRP as Replacement Materials and Effect of CO2 Curing of Concrete"

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	To Study the Partial Replacement of Cement by GGBS & RHA and Natural Sand by Quarry Sand In Concrete
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sonali K. Gadpalliwar, R. S. Deotale, Abhijeet R. Narde
	:	10.9790/1684-11226977

Abstract: Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering industry because of its high structural strength and stability. The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary cementitious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) Rice husk ash (RHA) and Quarry sand (QS) are among the solid wastes generated by industry. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of natural sand (NS) with Quarry sand and partial replacement of cement with GGBS and RHA can be an economic alternative. This research is carried out in three phase, in first phase mix of M40 grade concrete with replacement of 0%,15%,30%,45%,60%,75%,90% and 100% of quarry sand with natural sand is carried out to determine the optimum percentage of replacement at which maximum compressive strength is achieved. It is observed that when natural sand is partially replaced with 60% quarry sand maximum strength is achieved. In second phase, cement is partially replaced with GGBS by 10%, 20% and 30%. In phase three, combination of GGBS and RHA is partially replaced with cement. The composition of 22.5% GGBS + 7.5% RHA with 60% of quarry sand gives good strength results.
Keywords: Admixture, Cement, Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), Quarry sand (QS), Rice husk ash (RHA).

[1] D. S. Rajendra Prasad Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, S.I.T., Tumkur –572103 "Effect Of Rha And Crp "As Replacement Materials And Effect Of Co2 Curing Of Concrete"
[2] MANGURIU Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, KENYA "PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF NATURAL RIVER SAND WITH CRUSHED ROCK SAND IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION.
[3] Dr. A.D. Pofale Professor in Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, South Ambazari Road Nagpur 440010 "Effective Utilization of Crusher Dust in Concrete Using Portland Pozzolana Cement".
[4] A. Sivakumar and Prakash M. Department of civil engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, India. "Characteristic studies on the mechanical properties of quarry dust addition in conventional concrete"
[5] Durai S. Assistant Divisional Engineer, Highway Department, Nammakal, Tamil Nadu, India., Remya M. Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology,Coimbatore, India. "Experimental Investigation On High Perfomance Concrete Using Ggbs As Admixture".

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Non-Linear static analysis of RC frame structure
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Santhosh D., N. Jayaramappa
	:	10.9790/1684-11227889

Abstract: Pushover analysis is a non linear static analysis becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures and used to determine the force-displacement relationshipfor a structural element. To evaluate the performance of RC frame structure, a non linear static pushover analysis has been conducted by using ETABS 9.7.1. To achieve this objective, five RC frame structures with 5 story 1bay, 5 story 2bay, 5 story 3bay, 5 story 4bay, 5 story 5bay respectively were analyzed. And also compared the base force and displacement of RC frame structure with 5 story 1bay, 5 story 2bay, 5 story 3bay, 5 story 4bay, 5 story 5bay.
Keywords: ETABS 9.7.1, Hinge properties, Non linear static analysis, Pushover analysis, RC frame.

[1] Santhosh D, Pushover Analysis of RC frame structure using ETAB 9.7.1, IOSR journal of mechanical and civil engineering (IOSR-JMCE)– volume 11 issue 1-Feb 2014.
[2] Srinivasu A and Dr.Panduranga Rao.B, Non-Linear static analysis of multi-storied building, International journal of engineering trends and technology(ILETT) – volume 4 issue 10-oct 2013.
[3] Mrugesh D. Shah, Nonlinear static analysis of RCC frames(software implementation ETABS 9.7),National conference on recent trends in engineering & technology-May 2011
[4] Chopra AK.Dynamics of structure: theory and application to earthquake engineering.(ERnglewood cliffs,NJ:1995)
[5] IS 1893(part 1):2002, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, Part 1 General provisions and buildings, Bureau of Indian standard,2002.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Redesign of exhaust protection cover for high air flow levelling valve
Country	:	India
Authors	:	P. Sripathy, S. Anantharaman, N. Prabhakar, R. Satheshkumar
	:	10.9790/1684-11229096

Abstract: Levelling valve is used in automobile air suspension system. It increases or decreases air pressure in suspension bellows whenever load in the vehicle increased or decreased thus, it maintains constant ride height of chassis during varying load and road conditions. Exhaust protection cover of levelling valve is to prevent the entry of foreign substance into the valve during vehicle running condition and during vehicle water wash. The effectiveness of protection cover depends mainly on how it prevents the entry of foreign substance into valve. This paper describes how present 5 piece exhaust protection cover of levelling valve is redesignedas single component by using CFD as a tool to optimize the design.
Keywords: CFD,exhaust protection cover,levelling valve,rubber protection cover, rubber boot.

[1] Prabhakar. N., Sripathy. P., Bharathiraja. S., and Ayyappan. K., "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Flow Rate of Leveling Valve with Filters for Different Operating Angles," SAE Technical Paper 2013-26-0042.
[2] Suresh Gayakwad. J , Prabhakar. N,Sukumar. T,Shivaraj. V, "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on back pressure prediction of exhaust brake valve for automotive application," International Conference on Computer Aided Engineering (CAE-2013) IIT-Madras, pp.363-370
[3] Moujaes, S. F., and Jagan, R., "3D CFD Predictions and Experimental Comparisons of Pressure Drop in a Ball Valve at Different Partial Openings in Turbulent Flow". J. Of Energy Engineering, (ASCE_0733-9402), 2008
[4] Autodesk CFD simulation 2012 user's manual.