iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Constructional Design Consideration for Long Span flexible Circular grid Roofs
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vaneeta Devi, and A.K.Ahuja
	:	10.9790/1684-11270105

Abstract: The capacity of cable net roofs to cover long spans without intermediate supports and to carry large loads for various types of applications, stimulate the interest of engineer and architects in the sixties. The ability to design large spans with little self weight and high load capacities, as well as exploring new architectural expression, made cable structures very popular, though their structural behaviour is unique and unconventional compared to common structures.

[1]. Ahuja , A.K.(1979),"Performance of cable roof systems with rigid and flexible boundaries ". M.E. Thesis, Deptt. Of civil Engg., Univ. of Roorkee ,Roorkee.
[2]. Ahuja, A.K and Garg, V.K (2000), "Parametric study of cable nets" .Advances in structural Engineering, Proc. of Second Structural Engg. Convention (SEC-2000), I.I.T.,Bombay, Jan. 5-8, pp. 483-491.
[3]. Ahuja, A.K. and Garg, V.K. (2000),"Steel cables for long roofs", Proc. of National Conference on Advances in Construction Materials, Hamirpur (H.P.), April 8-9.
[4]. Ahuja, A.K. and Garg ,V.K (1999),"Response of a cable net roofs under static loads". Proc of south –Asian countries Conf. on challenges to Architects and civil Engineers during Twenty-First Century, Nepal Eng. College, Kathmandu, Nepal, April 7-9, pp. 153-165.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study of friction stir processed zone under different tool pin profiles in pure copper
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S. Cartigueyen1, K. Mahadevan
	:	10.9790/1684-11270612

Abstract: Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a solid–state surface modification technique to alter the properties of metals and alloys. This work studies the effect of FSP on pure copper with six different tool pin profiles ( plain cylindrical, threaded cylindrical, triflute, triangle, square and hexagonal ) at low-heat input condition. The tool rotational speed and tool traverse speed were kept constant to maintain the low heat input. Temperature distribution, microstructure, microhardness and tensile strength were analyzed to evaluate the modifications occurred in the mechanical properties. From the investigation, it is observed that threaded cylindrical pin profile tool is more effective in bringing about a favourable mechanical modification in pure copper than other pin profiles under low-heat input condition.

[1]. R.S.Mishra, Murray W.Mahoney (2007), Friction stir welding and processing, E-publishing, ASM International.
[2]. Z.Y.Ma (2008), Friction stir processing technology: A review, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol.39A ; 642-657.
[3]. K. Elangovan , V.Balasubramanian (2007), Influences of pin profile and rotational speed of the tool on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA2219 aluminium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A 459 ; 7-18.
[4]. M.Karthikeyan, A.K. Shaik Dawood (2012), Influence of tool design on the mechanical properties and microstructure in friction stir welding of AA6351 aluminium alloy. Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, Vol.2, No.2 ; 233-237.
[5]. B.M.Darras, M.A.Omar, M.K. Khraisheh (2007), Experimental thermal analysis of friction stir processing. Material Science Forum, Vols.539-543; 3801-3806.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Simulation of Rollcage of an All Terrain Vehicle Attributing Differential Finite Element
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S N Mahathi, K Sreekanth Reddy
	:	10.9790/1684-11271316

Abstract:Design and simulation of the chassis of any automobile for validation against crash and consequences is the dire need of designers in the automobile industry today. This paper presents a detailed methodology in this direction and conclusions drawn might be obliging by the basic constraints and loading conditions of the real time situations. The paper describes detailed analysis and loads of the considered roll cage model. In the current study importance is given for critical points for bent sections-using two elements which has shown better results than the one with single element discretization as in the previous literatures.

[1]. Dessault Systems SolidWorks 2013 x64 Edition user manual
[2]. ANSYS Mechanical APDL 14.5 Help
[3]. Goering, Carroll E., Marvin L Stone, David W. Smith, and Paul K. Turnquist. 2003. "Chassis mechanics". Chapter 14 in "Off-Road Vehicle Engineering Principles", 383-420. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. © American Society of Agricultural Engineers.
[4]. Daphal, P.N and Athavale,S.M, "Full vehicle Frontal Crash and Rollover Simulation Using LS-Dyna3D and experimental Validation", The Automotive Research Association of India, Pune,India, SAE Paper no. 2001-01-0033.
[5]. Thanneru Raghu Krishna Prasad, Goutham Solasa, Nariganani SD Satyadeep, G.Suresh Babu, "Static Analysis and Optimisation of Chassis and Suspension of an All-Terrain Vehicle". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-2, Issue-5, June 2013,

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analysis and testing the Over Head Transmission Steel Towers
Country	:	Libya
Authors	:	M. S. Alazhari
	:	10.9790/1684-11271721

Abstract: In this paper the method of design and testing the transmission line of high voltage steel towers is presented, the test loads were based on the design loading cases, all loads were applied on vertical, longitudinal and transversal directions though wire ropes by using power winches. Loads were measured at specified points at tower body using the load-cell strain digital system the test method, the load increment and the result interpretation was according to international standard of loading test of over head line structures IEC 60652.

] 1 [ . F. kiessling , p. nefzger , J.F. Norasco over head power lines , planning , Design , construction springer Engineering on line library www.springer. De/engine.
] 2 [. Design of latticed steel Transmission Structures ASCE 10-90 December 1991 .
] 3 [. Edwin H. Gaylord and charies N Gaylord " structural Engineering Handbook "McGraw- Hill book company pag 24-1 to 24 - 29.
] 4 [. Long lihong, HuyI, Li Jinglu, and ZengXiangjun Parameters for wind caused overhead Transmission Line Swing and FaultIEEE 2006 .
] 5 [. Yongli Liao, LeiHoo, Liming Wang Includedangle Selection of V-shape Insulator String for 750-kv compact Transonission Lin IEEE transaction on power Delivery , vol, 26, no.1, JANUARY 2010.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Optimization and Control of Welding Distortion in Hatch Cover Girders
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K.T. B. Padal, K. Ajay Kumar
	:	10.9790/1684-11272229

Abstract: An in-process method for controlling welding distortion in Hatch Cover Girders due to fillet welds is developed. It particularly reduces linear and angular distortion by performing FAIRING (triangular heating and triangular cooling) after the weld process. Various heating conditions are examined by experiment and by the lab test analysis (Geographic information system) in order to determine appropriate conditions and to study the mechanism by which welding distortion is reduced. It is consequently found that this mechanism is a result of two main effects: triangular heating effect on one side and triangular cooling effect on other side, which produces the opposite linear and angular distortion.
Keywords: weld distortion, in-process control, thermal elastic–plastic analysis, numerical computation, residual stress, real-time measurement

[1]. E.Friedman, ―Thermo mechanical Analysis of the Welding Process Using the GIS,‖ J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 97, pp. 206–212, 1975.
[2]. Rybicki, E. F., and Stonesifer, R. B., ―Computation of Residual Stress due to Multipass Welds in Piping Systems,‖ J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 101, pp. 149–154, 1979.
[3]. Argyris, J. H., and Doltsinis, J.St., ―On the Natural Formulation and Analysis of Large Deformation Coupled Thermo mechanical Problems,‖ Compute Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 25, pp. 195–253, 1980.
[4]. Leblond, J. B., Mottet, G., and Devaux, J. C., ―A Theoretical and Numerical Approach to the Plastic Behavior of Steels during Phase Transformation,‖ J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 34, pp. 395–432, 1986.
[5]. Goldak, J. A., ―Modelling Thermal Stresses and Distortion in Welds,‖ Proceedings Conference on Recent Trends in Welding Science and Technology, ASM, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, 196, pp. 71–82, 1989.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Finite Element Approach to Modal Parameter Estimation of Vertical Tail Fin
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Neethu Merlin Rajan, Aman Kalra, Pawan G. Rebinal, Ramesh Sharma
	:	10.9790/1684-11273034

Abstract: The vertical stabilizers or fin of aircraft, missiles or bombs are typically found on the aft end of the fuselage or body, and are intended to reduce aerodynamic side slip and provide direction stability. Vertical tails designed for aircrafts suffer from reduced stability and control effectiveness at high dynamic pressures due to aeroelastic effects. Adequate tail performance requires a detailed study on dynamic performance before investigating aeroelastic effects. Experimental modal analysis is a very extensive, time consuming and expensive process while finite element analysis is quick, accurate, fast and economical. Hence, in the present work it is purposed to carry out a detailed finite element simulation of vertical tail fin for a UAV to evaluate modal parameters such as natural frequencies and its corresponding modal shapes. CAD modeling of the vertical tail fin was done in UG NX using spline and swept commands. The vertical fin is sandwiched with polyurethene foam of density 70kg/m3 bonded with thin Aluminum sheet of 1mm thickness as face sheets. Similarly, biwoven e-glass fiber was considered as face sheets along with PU foam as core. The meshing of model was carried out using a 10 noded solid tetrahedral element. Boundary conditions were simulated and dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate natural frequencies and corresponding modal shapes.
Keywords: Modal Analysis, Natural Frequencies, Mode Shapes, Vertical Tail, FEM.

[1] V. Venkayya, V. Tischler, O. Sensburg, and T. Schweiger, "A carbon composite diverging vertical tail for commercial applications", 22nd Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Paper ICAS 2000, Harrogate, UK, 28 August - 1st September, 2000.
[2] S. Hanagud, M. Bayon de Noyer and H. Luo, "Tail buffet alleviation of high performance twin tail aircraft using piezo stack actuators",40th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference(AIAA-99-1320), Vol. 2, 1999, 1054-1064,
[3] Bean D.E, Greenwell D.I, and Wood N.J, "Vortex Control Technique for the Attenuation of Fin Buffet", Journal of Aircraft, 30(6), 1993, 847-853.
[4] Sensburg, G. Schneider, "A unique design for a diverging flexible vertical tail", RTO AVT Specialists' meeting on Structural Aspects of Flexible Aircraft Control, Canada, 1999.
[5] Triplett W.E, "Pressure Measurements on Twin Vertical Tails in Buffeting Flow", Journal of Aircraft, 20(11), 1983, 920-925.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Gradeability for Automobiles
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Akilesh Yamsani
	:	10.9790/1684-11273541

Abstract: The demand for transport has been growing rapidly and the footprints of roads have been widespread to areas which were previously inaccessible, especially hilly areas. Road inclinations are not always at zero. Vehicles should have the capability to take gradients even on full loads. The Gradeability of a vehicle is dependent on multiple factors such as the type of road surface, weight of the vehicle, tractive effort at the wheels, tire grip (at low speeds the aerodynamic drag is ignored). Since a vehicle should be ready to be driven on all types of terrains, tractive effort and tire grip become the deciding factors. This paper presents a method to determine the gradeability and enhance it to the required scale.
Keywords: gradeability, resistance, tractive effort, traction, traction diagram.

[1] Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics by Thomas D. Gillespie, Society of Automotive Engineers.
[2] Automotive Transmissions Fundamentals, Design and Applications, Gisbert Lechner and Harold Naunheimer
[3] Engine power-torque curve, http://engines.findthebest.com/l/159/Briggs-And-Stratton-1450-14-50-ft-lbs-Gross-Torque.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experimental study of concrete with Blended Cement with Accelerated Curing & Formation of Mathematical Model
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Shantanu Sureshrao Gholap
	:	10.9790/1684-11274251

Abstract: Traditionally, strength of concrete in construction work is evaluated in terms of its 28 days strength of cubes. This procedure requires 28 days of moist curing before testing as per IS: 516-1959[9]. This time duration may be considered as a long period. Hence, needs for an accelerated curing technique has arisen, where 28 days strength of concrete can be easily predicted. The main objective of this paper is to develop mathematical model, which gives relation between accelerated curing strength and normal curing strength for 7 and 28 days compressive strength. Boiling water curing at 100˚ 3˚ C is applied to accelerate the strength gain of concrete for the early prediction of 7 days and 28 days compressive strength.

[1] Mohamed, "Effect Of Fly Ash & Silica Fume On Compressive Strength Of Self Compacting Concrete Under Different Curing Conditions", Ain Shams Engineering Journal (2011) 2.
[2] Chang, Chen, Wang, Wu, "Performance Of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) With Curing Conditions & Its Retrofitting Effects On Concrete Member", Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation & Retrofitting II- Alexander Et Al (Eds), London, ISBN 978-0-415-46850-3.
[3] Aminur, Horunur, Zakir, "Effect Of Aggregate & Curing Conditions On The Compressive Strength Of Concrete With Age", UNIMAS, e-Journal Of Civil Engineering, Vol-1:Issue21april 2010.
[4] Alilou, Tesnehalab, "Prediction Of 28 Days Compressive Strength Of Concrete On 3rd Day Using Artificial Neural Network", International Journal of Engineering (IJE), Vol. 3,issue-6
[5] Lu, Tan, Phoon, "Use Of Elevated Curing Temperature For Accelerated Testing Of Cement Stabilized Dredged Singapore Marine Clay", 2011 Pan-Am CGS Geotechnical Conference.
[6] Hasan, Kabir, "Prediction Of Compressive Strength Of Concrete From Early Age Result", 4th Annual Paper Meet & 1st Civil Engineering Congress, December 22-24, 2011, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Opening on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Rezwana Binte Hafiz, Shaibal Ahmed, Saikat Barua, Sharmin Reza Chowdhury
	:	10.9790/1684-11275261

Abstract: The provision of opening in beams is kept to facilitate the passage of utility pipes and service ducts. Normally opening is placed centrally in depth in order to avoid reducing the shear area near the supports. In this study a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method using ANSYS 10.0, finite element (FE) software, has been employed to simulate the simply supported reinforced concrete beams consisting of circular openings with varying diameters. During analysis with ANSYS software, the RC beam model is created using SOLID65 (3-D Reinforced Concrete Solid), SOLID45 (3D Structural Solid) and LINK8 (3D SPAR) elements representing both linear and non-linear behavior of concrete, steel plates and reinforcing bars respectively.

[1] Amiri, S., R. Masoudnia, Investigation of the Opening Effects on the Behavior of Concrete Beams WithoutAdditional Reinforcement in Opening Region Using Fem Method, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(5),2011, 617-624.
[2] Hanson, J.M., Square openings in webs of continuous joists,Portland Cement Association, 1969, pp: l-14.
[3] Somes, N.F. and W.G. Corley, Circular openings in webs of continuous beams, American ConcreteInstitute, Detroit, MI, 1974, pp: 359-398.
[4] Salam, S.A., Beams with openings under different stress conditions. Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures, Singapore, 25-26 Aug, 1977, pp: 259-267.
[5] Siao, W.B. and S.F. Yap, Ultimate behavior of unstrengthen large openings made in existing concrete beams. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, 30(3), 1990, 51-57.
[6] Abdalla, H.A., A.M. Torkeya, H.A. Haggagb and A.F. Abu-Amira. Design against cracking atopenings in reinforced concrete beams strengthened with composite sheets. Composite Structures, 60,2003, 197-204.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental ImpactsofUsing Concrete orTimber toConstruct aDuplex Residential Building
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Anthony Nkem Ede1 (PhD), Samuel Olusegun Adebayo1, Emmanuel Ikechukwu Ugwu1 and ChidoziePraiseGod Emenike
	:	10.9790/1684-11276272

Abstract: Traditionally, the choice of construction materials depended principally on the strengths of materials, cost of material, availability of materials, simplicity of erection, aesthetics and technical expertise available to the society. This meant that little attention was paid to the environment impacts of materials adopted for civil construction. After centuries of speedy advancement accompanied by deteriorating ecosystem as evidenced by the global climate change and the accompanying gap between the rich and the poor, the world is becoming more conscious of the ecosystem and the future of mankind.

[1]. A.N. Ede and J.O.Okundaye,Appraisal of Timber as Structural Members for Residential Buildings in Nigeria, International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol:14 No:01,2014, pp.108-112.
[2]. C. Arya, Design of Structural Elements, Spon press270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA, 2009.
[3]. American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA), National Design Specification for Wood Construction and Supplement, 1991 ed., AF&PA, Washington DC, 1991.
[4]. Raw Materials Research and Development Council, RMRDC, Local Building and Construction Materials. Report of the Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on the Survey and Update of the Report on Local Sourcing of Raw Materials for Building and Construction Industry inNigeria, 1998, pp. 27-39.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	FE Analysis Of Runner Blade For Small Bulb Turbine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr.Manish Maisuria1, Mr. Devendra A. Patel
	:	10.9790/1684-11277377

Abstract: The stress analysis of the rotor blade being the key phase of the turbomachine design requires much attention and careful determination of the blade loading to get realistic results. So due to the advantages of finite element analysis in the field of mechanical engineering it is widely used as simulation. The runner blades of the turbine are very critical part because its transfer fluid energy to convert the rotary or mechanical energy. The turbine runner blades are subjected to different load e.g. fluid or gas forces, inertia load, centrifugal forces. The primary reason of break down in turbine is the failure of blade. So, the proper blade design is require. The finite element analysis of bulb turbine is using software Creo.

[1]. D Frunzăverde, R Terzi and V Şerban, "Failure analysis of a Francis turbine runner ", Earth and Environmental Science, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/12/1/012115, March 2014.
[2]. Mohammad Javed Hyder and Hafiz Laiq-ur-Rehman, "Stress Distribution of the Gas Turbine Blades," in Failure of Engineering Materials & Structures. Code12 , MED UET Taxila (2007)
[3]. Tiago de Oliveira Vale , Gustav da Costa Villar, João Carlos Menezesl,"Methodology for Structural Integrity Analysis of Gas Turbine
[4]. Blades," J.aerosp.techno.manog., Sao Jos dos campos vol.4,No1,pp 51-59 Jan-March 2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect ofFriction onthe Cutting Forces in High Speed Orthogonal Turning of Al 6061-T6
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. H. D. Gopalakrishna1, Jayghosh S. Rao1, Shruthi N. Kumar1, Vishwajith V. Shetty1, Karthik Rai
	:	10.9790/1684-11277883

Abstract: In this work, the effect of coulomb friction on the cutting forces generated during the orthogonal turning of Aluminium 6061-T6 is studied by a parametric variation of friction co-efficient. The simulations were carried out in the commercial software ANSYS using the AUTODYN explicit solver. The finite element model assumed plane strain condition to be active during machining so that computation could be performed at reduced cost. Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan-Lund material model was used to provide flow stress data for the plastic deformation during chip formation. Cutting force and thrust force values were obtained for varied values of co-efficient of friction.

Keywords: Al6061-T6, cutting forces, friction co-efficient, Lagrangian mesh, metal cutting

[1] T. D. Marusich And M. Ortiz,Modelling And simulation of high speed machining.International Journal for numerical methods in Engineering,38,1995,3675-3694. [2] TugrulOzelandTaylanAltan, Modelling of high speed machining processes for predicting tool forces, stresses and temperatures using FEM simulations, CIRP International Workshop on Modelling of Machining Operations, 1998, 225-234. [3] J. Zouhar, M. Piska, Modelling the orthogonal machining process using cutting tools with different geometry, MM Science Journal,2008, 48-51. [4] Moufki, A. Molinari, D. Dudzinski, Modelling Of Orthogonal Cutting with a Temperature Dependent Friction Law, Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids,46,1998,2103-2138. [5] TugrulOzel, Influence of Friction Models On Finite Element Simulations of Machining, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,46, 2006, 518–530.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Redesign the Steering Column Assembly with Crimping Method
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M.Balaji*, MalarMohan
	:	10.9790/1684-11278489

Abstract: Our project work named "Redesign the Steering column assembly with crimping method" is to ensure Energy absorption load of steering column shaft assembly and reduce failure due to noise. It also reduces the dependency of process parameters which is considered as important factor in existing injection molding process. Energy Absorbing Steering Column is a kind of Steering Column which minimizes the injury to the driver during a car meets accident by collapse particular part of system. The design of the steering column has remained unchanged since its inception; the column still consists of a long shaft connecting the steering wheel to the vehicle's gearbox. Column shaft assembly is made by joining shaft and tube through injection moulding process which has high variation and dependency on process parameters. Energy absorption load will be ensured by periodic inspection of parts and setting parameters.

1] JTEKT - Product review web site
[2] Sona Koyo Intranet – Design and standards Guide Lines
[3] Sona Koyo – After markets websites
[4] Steering column assembly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia websites
[5] Universal Joint. US patent no. 1,665,280.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Mechanistic Analysis of Rigid Pavement for Temperature Stresses Using Ansys"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mohd. Imran Khan. Mohd. Abdul Qadeer, A. B. Harwalkar
	:	10.9790/1684-112790107

Abstract: Finite-element analysis is not new to the pavement design and research community. Two-dimensional finite-element programs have been in use for the past two decades to analyze rigid pavement response. In recent years three dimensional finite-element (3DFE) analyses emerged as a powerful tool capable of capturing pavement response.

[1] ANSYS Release 10.0 user‟s, Manual, ANSYS, Inc. Canonsburg, PA, USA.
[2] Dan F. Adkins1 and Gary P. Merkley, "Mathematical Model of Temperature Changes in Concrete Pavements" Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 116, No.3, May/June, 1990, pp 349 – 358.
[3] Eyad Masad, Ramzi Taha, Balasingam Muhunthan, Associate Member ASCE, "Finite-Element Analysis of Temperature Effects on Plain-Jointed concrete Pavements", Journal of Transportation Engineering, September, October 1996, pp 388 – 397.
[4] Gergis W.William and Samir N.Shoukry, "3D Finite Element Analysis of Temperature-Induced Stresses in Dowel Jointed Concrete Pavements", The International Journal of Geomechanics, Volume 1, Number 3, 291 – 307 (2001).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Geological – Mining and Geotechnical Opinion as a Supplement to the Geotechnical Documentation in a Region of the Past Underground Mining
Country	:	Poland
Authors	:	Rafał Jendruś , Dr. Eng., Paweł Wrona, Dr. Eng., Michał Mazurek, Dr. Eng., Anna Manowska, Dr. Eng.
	:	10.9790/1684-1127108116

Abstract: The purpose of a geological-mining report and geotechnical opinion, is to provide information about historical mining operations undertaken in the site of future construction works together with the assessment of potential geotechnical risk for the planned building or structure from the point of the view of post-mining influences. Preparing of such a report should be required by the building designers and construction engineers, especially in the case when the subsidence and ground conditions are not determined and predictable enough for reliable design of foundations and other critical parameters.

[1] Erzkarte des Oberbergamt in Breslau (ore map of the Head Mining Authority in Breslau), published in Berlin In 1912, sheet number 6 – Stare Tarnowice (Alt Tarnowittz) and 10 – Repty (Repten), scale 1: 10000
[2] Gad P., Rosenbaum S.: Tarnowskie Góry – podziemia (Tarnowskie Gory – the undergrounds . ISBN: 978-83-61458-71-9, Tarnowskie Góry, 2010
[3] http://www.wikimapia.org – hybrid view of the selected area of Repecka street
[4] http://www.geoturystyka.ovh.org/geoturystyka/dolomity.html
[5] Jendruś R., Strozik G.: Ekspertyza geologiczno-górnicza dla potrzeb rozbudowy odcinka ulicy Repeckiej w Tarnowskich Górach wraz infrastrukturą i przebudową zjazdów. (Geological-mining report for development of Repecka Street in Tarnowskie Gory with infrastructure and reconstruction of junctions), Technical Company Georock, Piekary Śląskie 2012 (not published)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Manufacturing in a Concurrent Engineering Environment in Developing Nations: A tutorial review.
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Mr. Henry Musaidzi
	:	10.9790/1684-1127117125

Abstract: This paper discusses the need for implementation of Concurrent Engineering (CE) in less industrialized nations with the situation in Zimbabwe being focused on. The CE environment in a global arena is being highlighted and its tools for success are discussed in detail. The paper explores the implementation of Concurrent Engineering as a new trend in engineering and Management in the less industrialized nations, which addresses three main areas: people, process, and technology. The expectations of engineering graduates which will continue to change significantly in light of the popularity of CE philosophy are also discussed. The paper also focuses on major hindrances to the implementation of CE. Lessons for Companies in less industrialized nations like Zimbabwe are drawn from international role models in CE such as Boeing's Ballistic System Division and NCR. The author managed to put various literature of different researchers together since a lot of literature on concurrent engineering is scattered.

[1]. Shina, S. G. (1995). Concurrent engineering. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc.
[2]. Hall, D. (1991). Concurrent engineering:Defining terms and techniques.IEEE Spectrum, 28(7), pp 24-25.
[3]. Prasad, B. (1996). Concurrent engineering fundamentals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc
[4]. Brookes, N.J. eds (1996) Concurrent Engineering -What's working where, Gower,p.15 and Thomas, F.S (2001) "The simultaneous performance of product design andprocess design in Managing Quality: An Integrative Approach. Upper Saddle RiverNew Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[5]. Daintith, John (2004), A dictionary of computing (5 ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 102, ISBN 9780198608776, http://books.google.com/books?id=Hay6vTsGFAsC&pg=PA102

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative study of heat sink without shield and heat sink with shield using CFD analysis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ambeprasad S. Kushwaha , Dhiraj K. Patil , Vinaykumar J. Pandey, Sandeepkumar K. Yadav, Tushar S. Suryawanshi
	:	10.9790/1684-1127126130

Abstract: The whole idea of this study is to compare heat sink without shield and heat sink with shield used in electronic cooling system. The study is based on the principle of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in which the flow of fluid is taken into consideration for study. For the purpose of study heat sink with optimal geometric parameter such as fin height, fin thickness, base height, fin pitch as 48 mm, 1.6 mm, 8mm, 4mm are modeled and also the shield is provided to this heat sink with trapezoidal shape.

[1]. Behnia M, & Copeland D, and Sood phadakee D.1998, "A Comparison of Heat Sink Geometries for Laminar Forced Convection," Proceedings of The Sixth Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermo mechanical Phenomenon Electronic Systems, Seattle, Washington, USA, May 27–30, pp. 310–315.
[2]. Mohsin et al. "Optimization of Cylindrical Pin-fin heat sinks using Genetic Algorithm" IEEE Transactions on components and packaging technologies, Vol. 32, No. 1, March 2009.
[3]. Arularasan R. and Velraj R. "CFD Analysis in a Heat sink for cooling of Electronic devices" International Journal of The Computer, the Internet and Management Vol. 16.No.3 (September-December, 2008) pp 1-11
[4]. Christopher L & Chapman, Seri Lee, Bill L. Schmidt. "Thermal Performance of an Elliptical Pin Fin Heat Sink," Tenth IEEE SEMI-THERM, pp.24-31, 1993.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Higher Performance Adaptive Control of a Flexible Joint Robot Manipulators
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Hossam N. Doghiem
	:	10.9790/1684-1127131142

Abstract: Joint flexibility limits the performance of an industrial robot by introducing resonant frequencies in the same range of the control bandwidth. If joint flexibility is considered in the modelling, advanced control techniques can be designed to achieve a higher performance. This paper presents an adaptive control scheme for a two- degree of freedom flexible joint robot. The adaptive approach is applied to design a control signal for each joint (modeled by two- equations of second order), to withstand all uncertainties in parameters and load disturbances. Asymptotic stability is insured regardless of the joint flexibility value, by the use of Liapunov's direct method, i.e., the results are not restricted to weak joint elasticity. A simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed control law in case of flexible joint robot model. It was found that the adaptation technique is robust to parameters and load changes.

[1]. Freund E., "Fast nonlinear control with arbitrary pole-placement for industrial robots and manipulators", Int. J. Robotics Research, 1(1), pp.65-78, 1982.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Thermal and Structural Analysis of A Ceramic Coated Fsae Brake Rotor Using 3d Finite Element Method for Wear Resistance and Design Optimisation
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Promit Choudhury, Rahul Kumar Singh, Pritish Panda
	:	10.9790/1684-1127143149

Abstract: This paper describes the stress distribution of the SRM University FSAE Car brake rotor by using FEA. The finite element analysis is performed by using computer aided design (CAD) software. The main objective is to investigate and analyze the thermal and structural stress distribution of brake rotor at the real time condition during braking process and then comparing it with a modified rotor having ceramic coating. The paper describes the mesh optimization with using finite element analysis technique to predict the higher stress and critical region on the component. The optimization is carried out to reduce the stress concentration and material on the surface of the rotor. With using computer aided design (CAD), SOLIDWORKS software the structural model of a brake rotor is developed. Furthermore, the finite element analysis performed with using software ANSYS.

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[3]. P. Dufrenoy, D. Weichert, A thermomechanical model for the analysis of disc brake fracture mechanisms, Journal of Thermal Stresses, 26(8), 2003, 815-828.
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