iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Abstract: The objective of this project is to know about the Order Picking System (OPS) in the warehouse management system (WMS). Order picking is a continuous process in distribution center. Before the picking process being carried out for a large set of orders, batching of customer orders can accelerate the order picking process. Hence in this project the OPS are carried out using order batching, the order picking is done by picker to parts method. This picker to part method is being done using various routing strategies, which is performed by heuristic algorithm. The order batching is performed using the savings algorithm. The order picking process is done for various routing strategies with batching and without batching. The comparison of routing strategies with batching and without batching is done for multiple cross aisle. The routing strategies are done using the interactive warehouse. The optimization using Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) will reduce the warehouse operating cost and time taken to pick the orders.
Keywords: Order picking system, Order batching, Savings algorithm, Vehicle routing problem.

[1]. Petersen, C.G & Schmenner, R.W. (1999): An Evaluation of Routing and Volume-based Storage Policies in an Order Picking Operation. Decision sciences 30(2), 481-501.
[2]. Frazelle, E. (2002): World-Class Warehousing and Material Handling, McGraw-Hill: New York.
[3]. K.J. and De Koster, R., Roodbergen, K.J. (2007), Design and control of warehouse order picking: a literature review. European Journal of Operations Research 182(2), 481-501.
[4]. Roodbergen, K.J. and De Koster, R., (2001), Routing methods for warehouses with multiple cross aisles, International Journal of Production Research, 39(9), 1865-1883.
[5]. Ducki, G., Oluic, C. (2004) Order Picking Routing Policies: Simple heuristics, advanced heuristics or optimal algorithm. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 50930, 327-331.

Abstract: Membrane bioreactors (MBR) based on the activated sludge progression is a comparatively novel expertise, with accomplishment worldwide growing over the last eighteen years. In similar to commercial growth, a lot of investigation work has been done in primary studies, expansion and optimization of this technology. Although the leading focal point has been on activated sludge processes, more than a few research groups have been investigating biofilm based MBR systems. The biofilm processes have numerous advantages over activated sludge process and can be used as balancing, assisted to activate sludge MBR (aBF-MBR) or self standing, pure biofilm based MBRs (pBFMBR). This paper reviews the category of MBR technology with biofilm implementations. Information available within the last thirteen years are reviewed with respect to aBF-MBR and pBF-MBR studies, prominence compensation proposed of this approach over activated sludge MBRs, identifying recital and operational individuality specified and taking an attitude of perspectives in further enlargement of this perception.
Keywords: Biofilm membrane bioreactor, membrane fouling, biofilm carriers.

[1] Judd S., The MBR Book, Elsevier, 2006.
[2] M. Kraume and A. Drews, Membrane Bioreactors in Waste Water Treatment – Status and Trends. Chemical Engineering Technology 33, No8: (2010): 1251-1259
[3] A. Drews,, Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors - Characterization, contradictions, cause and cures. Journal of Membrane Science 363(1-2): (2010). 1-28.
[4] A. Santos, W. Ma, S.J. Judd, Membrane biorectors: Two decades of research and implementations, Desalinations (2010), in press
[5] F. Meng, S.R.Chae, A. Drews, M. Kraume, H.S. Shin, F. Yang, Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBR's): Membrane fouling and membrane material, Water research V46 (6) (2009) 1489-1512.

Abstract: The use of flat plate slab is gaining much popularity amongst architects, because the flat plate slab system provides a way for the architect to achieve the concept of high and completely flat ceiling with no beam. As we know that, slab is one of the largest members consuming concrete, when the load acting on the slab is large or clear span between columns is more, the slab thickness is on increasing. It leads to consume more material such as concrete and steel, due to that self-weight of slab is increase. To avoid these disadvantages various studies carried out and researchers suggest voided flat plate slab system to reduce the self-weight of the slab. In this paper various parameters of the voided and solid flat plate slabs is calculated to compare the both systems. To evaluate the performance of the R.C.C voided and solid flat plate slabs, modelling of slabs is carried out using SAP 2000 having span ranging from 6x6 m to 14x14 m of 4x4 bay in both direction with thickness of the slabs 280 to 600 mm. The results drawn from the SAP 2000 are Reaction, Deflection, Moment and Reinforcement required for the voided and solid flat plate slabs.
Key words: R.C.C Voided flat plate slab, R.C.C solid flat plate slab, SAP 2000, Reaction, Deflection, Moment, Reinforcement.

[1]. C. C. Marais, J. M. Robberts and B. W. J. van Rensburg, "Spherical void formers in concrete slabs", Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol 52 No 2, pp. 2 – 11, October 2010.
[2]. J. H. Chung & J. H. Park, H. K. Choi, S. C. LEE and C. S. CHOI, "An analytical study on the impact of hollow spheres in bi-axial hollow slabs", Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structure, pp. 1729 – 1736, 2010.
[3]. Mike Mota, "Voided slabs then and now", Concrete Industry Board Bulletin, Summer 2010.
[4]. BubbleDeck Design Guide for compliance with BCA using AS3600 and EC2 31, October 2008.Unpublished manuscript.
[5]. CBD-MS & CRO, Cobiax Technology Handbook, Switzerland: Cobiax Technologies AG Zug.

Abstract: Demand of safety roads is a movement now-a-days, as numbers of accidents are increasing day by day, because of increasing number of vehicles and side by side, increasing of unskilled drivers to fulfill the necessary demand of the increased motorization. Beside all these, lack of proper safety signs, symbols and road markings are some of the major reasons behind these unwanted accidents

[1]. Hossain M. (2006), A Study on Pedestrian Accidents Based on the Injury Surveillance (IS) Data: Thailand's case, Proceedings of international conference on Road Safety in Developing Countries. Accident Research Centre (ARC), BUET
[2]. Hoque M.M., Debnath P., Alam M.D., Ahmed S.N. (2006), Metropolitan Street Accidents: The Case of Dhaka, Proceedings of international conference on Road Safety in Developing Countries. Accident Research Centre (ARC), BUET
[3]. Hoque M.M. (2006), Road Safety in Bangladesh: The Contemporary Issues and Priorities, Proceedings of international conference on Road Safety in Developing Countries. Accident Research Centre (ARC), BUET
[4]. Mahmud S.M.S., Hoque S., Hossain M.M., Hoque M.M., (2006), Pedestrian Safety Problem, Existing Facilities and Required Strategies in the context of Dhaka Metropolitan City, Proceedings of international conference on Road Safety in Developing Countries. Accident Research Centre (ARC), BUET

Abstract: The present project has developed strategy and design procedure for blower which is expected to bring down the lead time during designing through the Reverse Engineering approach. The different dimensions & geometry of parts of the existing blower were found out by obtaining the Cartesian coordinates of various identified points. Thereafter the required profile and models were developed using this data with the help of CATIA V5 modeler. The Suction condition and other related data's such as "inlet & outlet diameter",

[1] Fans and Blowers, Bureau of Energy Efficiency.
[2] Inbar raz, Introduction to Reverse Engineering, Software Technologies Ltd, December 2011.
[3] Fan selection for air handling, Yaskawa Electric America inc AR HV.
[4] Horia Dumitrescu and Vladimir Cardoş, Flow prediction in a blower casing, Institute of Applied Mathematics P.O. Box 1–24, RO-707000, June 2002.
[5] A.T.Oyelami and et al, Analysis of Radial flow Impellers of Different Configurations, Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, May 2012.

Abstract: The amount of waste glass has gradually increased over the recent years due to an ever-growing use of glass products. Most of the waste glasses are being dumped into landfill sites. The land filling of waste glasses is undesirable because they are not biodegradable, which makes them environmentally less friendly. There is huge potential for using waste glass in the concrete construction sector. When waste glasses are reused in making concrete products, the production cost of concrete will come down. Crushed glass or cullet, if properly sized and processed, can exhibit characteristics similar to that of gravel or sand.

[1]. Concrete technology by M.Shetty.
[2]. Dr. V. Vidivalli and M.Mageswari of Annamalai university, " The use of sheet glass as fine aggregate" in "The Open Civil engineering journal 2010".
[3]. Patel Dhirendra, Yadav R.K. and Chandra R. Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, has published an article on "Strength characteristics of Precast concrete blocks incorporating waste glass powder" which was published in "IS journal of Engineering Sciences" was considered as another reference. In this research work replacement of coarse aggregate was done with waste glass powder.
[4]. Ahmad SHAYAN Chief Research Scientist ARRB Transport Research Vermont South Vic Australia has published a paper on "Value-added Utilization of Waste Glass in Concrete"

Abstract:The Flexural properties and Scanning electron Microscope analysis of Bamboo/glass fibers Reinforced epoxy Hybrid composites were studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo fibers on these properties was also studied. It was observed that flexural properties of the hybrid composite increase with glass fiber content. These properties found to be higher when alkali treated bamboo fibers were used in the hybrid composites. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treated leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations. The author investigated the interfacial bonding between Glass/Bamboo reinforced epoxy composites. The effect of alkali treatment on the bonding between Glass/Bamboo composites was also studied.

[1] Jindal, U.C (1986) development and testing of bamboo fibers reinforced plastic composites journal of composites 20: 19 (1986)
[2] Varada Rajulu , A., Narasimha Chary, K., Rama Chandra Reddy, G. Void content, density, weight reduction and mechanical properties of short bamboo fibers/ stryrenated polyster composites.j. Bamboo & Ruttan.,2(2):95-102(2003).
[3] Varada Rajulu, A., Narasimha Chary, K., Rama Chandra Reddy, G.,Meng, Y.Z. Void content, density, weight reduction and mechanical properties of short bamboo fibers/ stryrenated polyster composites.j. reinforced plastics and composites, 23(2):127-130.(2004).
[4] Varada Rajulu, A., Babu Rao, G ., Lakshminarayana Reddy, R. Chemical resistance and tensile properties of epoxy/poly carbonate blend coated bamboo fibers, journal of reinforced plastics and composites 20(4):335-340.(2001).

Abstract: There has been increasing interest in nanofluid boiling and its use in heat transfer enhancement. Nanofluids are considered to offer important advantages over conventional heat transfer fluids, researchers focused on measuring the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids.In this paper recent advances in the last decade in flow boiling and convective boiling applications, with nanofluidsalso with studies on CHF increasing by various researchers for convective flow boiling applications using nanofluids as the working fluidare presented. It presents a review of nanofluids, the recent progress on the study of nanofluids, such as the preparation methods,

[1] H.S.Ahn, M. H. Kim, A Review on Critical Heat FluxEnhancement with Nanofluids andSurface Modification, Journal of Heat transfer, February 2012 Vol.134
[2] D.Wen, G.Lin, S.Vafaei, K.Zhang, Review of nanofluids for heat transfer applications, Particuology 7 (2009) p.141–150
[3] S.M.S.Murshed, C.A.N. D.Castro, M.J.V.Lourenco, M.L.M.Lopes, F.J.V.SantosA review of boiling and convective heat transfer with nanofluids, Renewable and Sustainable Energy reviews 15(2011) p.2342-2354
[4] J. Barber, D.Brutin, L. Tadrist, A review on boiling heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids,Nanoscale research letter a springer open letter 2011, 6:280
[5] T.Kim, Y. H. Jeong, S. H. Chang, An experimental study on CHF enhancement in flow boiling using nano-fluid, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) p.1015–1022
[6] S. Suresh, K.P. Venkitaraj, P. Selvakumar, M. Chandrasekar,Effect of –Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in heat transfer,Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 38 (2012) p.54–60

Abstract: Transport networks vary and change over time. This paper aims to contribute to raising the level of safety in the road transport industry (trucking industry), by assessing the current state of truck accidents, drivers, and regulations which control the land transport in Saudi Arabia. This has been conducted through surveys and field interviews with specialized authorities. Moreover, to evaluate the effectiveness of driving schools training programs, by interviewing students involved in such programs and with recent programs graduates. Results have indicated that the main reason for the decline of traffic safety is the lack of enforcing the law regulations.

[1]. Abu-Emah, A. (2011). Indicators of traffic data and traffic information, King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology. National strategic plan for traffic safety. The current traffic situation.
[2]. Al-Gamidi, A. (1999). Traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia: Causes, effects and solutions. National Committee for Traffic Safety.
[3]. Al-Hazah, A.(2004). Driving Schools Programs and its role in increasing awareness of the traffic, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
[4]. Al-Saif, A. (2012). Estimation of traffic accidents in the GCC countries and ways to address them in Saudi Arabia, The first forum for traffic safety, "the Saudi Society for Traffic Safety, Dammam, Saudi Arabia". [5]. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2010). Fatal Workplace Injuries in 2006: A Collection of Data and Analysis, USA. [6]. Danial, M. (2012). Presentation: Origins of and Rationale for Minimum Licensing Age Laws, HUMAN FACTORS WORKSHOP 144E, TRB. ANNUAL MEETING, Sunday, January 22, 2012.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to develop Moroccan clay of the Meknes-Tafilalet region operated as basic raw material for the production of tubular supports mono-channel macro-porous for a microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes. During the development, several parameters are controlled such as: the chemical and mineralogical composition of the initial powder,

[1] L. Messaoudi, Preparation of new ceramic supports microporous for inorganic membranes based Moroccan clays, Thesis Third Cycle, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mehraz, Fez, Morocco, 1987.
[2] A. Bouisfi, Elaboration and characterization of supports based clay for microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes, Diploma of higher studies DEA, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mehraz, Fez, Morocco, 1997.
[3] A. Lahsini, Development, characterization and study of the sintering of membranes based local clay. Application to tangential microfiltration, doctoral thesis of state, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mehraz, Fez, Morocco, 1999.

Abstract: This paper describes a method of data fusion for outdoor autonomous robot equipped with onboard GPS receiver and Odometer using Extended Kaman filter. Both GPS and Odometer having their own advantage and disadvantage for accurate position information of Robot in unknown/outdoor environment. Described Data fusion technique fuse position input of both Odometer and GPS to generate most accurate position estimation with less uncertainty (standard deviation) by using Extended Kalman Filter.

[1] Weiss,J., "Analysis of Upgraded GPS Internal KalmanFilter". IEEE AES Systems Magagine,Jan-1996.
[2] Barshan,B. And Durrant-Whyte,H., "Inertial Navigation System For Mobile Robots". IEEE Transaction on Mobile Robotics and Automation,Vol.11,No.3,June-1995.
[3] Roland Siegwart and Illah R. NourbakhshIntroduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots" PHI,Eastern Economy Edition.
[4] Oscar E.Ramos Ponce "Autonomous Robots Map-based EKF Localization" Universitat de Girona,April 2010.

Abstract: In our country still our villager are struggling with short of money, living standard. Mainly our farmer does irrigation related activity when the season comes & rest of the time they remain with no work this causes a biggest trouble to them because they uses money whatever they earn by selling their crops into their idle time i.e. off-season.1Hence there living standard remain unchanged due to no moneysaving.

[1]. The hand book of dairy farming in India, Engineers India Research Institute publication, 2005, Vol-2
[2]. The journal of Chinese farmer painting of China, by DiaterWanazura, Chines Art publication, June 2005, Vol-1
[3]. Book of Design of machine element by VinodThombrePatil, Nirali publication, June 2013.
[4]. The book of Advance manufacturing processes by P.K.Ambadekar, S.T.Ghan, and D.M.Dharmadhikari, publication, June 2013.

Abstract: In this work, a system consisting of a main structure with a nonlinear tuned vibration absorber having a hardening spring attached to it is considered. The nonlinearity in the absorber's spring is a cubic nonlinearity and is obtained by attaching two additional, relatively soft, similar linear springs to the absorber's mass. These added springs are attached to the absorber's mass in such a way that they are initially normal to the absorber's displacement axis.

[1] H. Frahm, Device for Damping Vibrations of Bodies. U.S. Patent #989958, 1911.
[2] J. P. Den Hartog, Mechanical vibrations 4th ed. (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1985).
[3] S. S. Patil, S. B. Javehri, and C.G. Konapure, Effectiveness of multible tuned mass dampers, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 1, 2012, 78-83.
[4] T. Igusa,T. and K. Xu, Vibration control using multiple tuned mass damper, Journal of sound and vibration, 175, 1994, 491-503.
[5] A. Kareem, and S. Kline, Performance of multiple mass dampers Under random loading, Journal of Structural Engineering, 121(2), 1995, 348-361.

Abstract: In the competitive world, it is very much necessary to design a new product to sustain in the industry. The main component in any assembly is fasteners, development of threads are continues from the old steel age era, still today this process is on and the utilization of threads for providing positive clamping is the key factor. Screw threads are designed to perform transmission of power and motion, it should act as fastener. The most commonly used threads are British Whitworth, unified threads, square threads, acme threads, knuckle threads and buttress threads.

[1] Hamza K, Akyildiz, HaydarLivatyali "Effects of machining parameters on fatigue behavior of machined threaded test specimens", Materials and Design 31 (2010) 1015–1022.
[2] VelikoIvanov, "Rolling of long screws", Journal of Materials Processing Technology 82 (1998) 1–12.
[3] F.M. Leon, N.G. Pai, D.P. Hess, "The effect of thread dimensional conformance on yield and tensile strength", Engineering Failure Analysis 8 (2001) 49-56.
[4] L. Janicek, J. Pertuska, B. Maros, S. Rusz, "Cold forming of bolts without thermal treatment" Jornal of Material Processing Technology 125-126 (2002) 341-346.
[5] Technical data. Reed machinery,Inc.

Abstract: The proportion of Rwanda population that will be living in urban centres will be 35% by the year 2017. The extra buildings will definitely be made of bricks because of its abundance in the country. The objectives of the study were: firstly, to determine brick production at the site, secondly, was to determine depth of borrow pits for clays. Thirdly to determine Atterberg limits for clay at 300mm and 500 mm depths. Lastly,

[1]. Ahmad S., Iqbal Y., and Ghani F. (2008). Phase and microstructure of Brick-clay soil and fired clay-bricks from some areas in Peshawar Pakistn. J. Pak Mate Soc. Page 33-39.
[2]. Alam K., Islam R., Saha S., Islam N., and Islam S.A. (2013). Quality Study of Automated Machine Made Environmentally Friendly Brick (KAB) Sample using Film Neutron Radiography Technique. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 1, page 141-152
[3]. Baum Ellen (2010). Black Carbon from Brick Kilns. Clean air task force.
[4]. Jackson N, and Ravindra K., D. (2000). Civil Engineering and Materials. MacMillan Education Press.
[5]. Gharib M., Saba H., and Barazesh A. (2012). An experimental study for identification and comparison of plastic index and shrinkage properties of clay soils with addition of cement. European Journal of Experimental Biology 2(4). Page 1034-1038.