iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2016

Abstract: A brushless DC motor is famous for excellent efficiency and its high rpm capacity. Since the shielding of BLDC depending upon the manufacturer, normal BLDC motors are best applicable for using in dry weather conditions. But even for the properly shielded BLDC, the correct performance analysis is unknown when the stream of air is humid. This research focuses on analyzing the change in performance of a BLDC motor due to the presence of moisture during its powered operation

Keywords: Thrust calculator, BLDC, Quadcopter

[1]. Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Quadcopter, Journal of The International Association of Advanced Technology and Science, Prof.A.V.Javir , Ketan Pawar , Santosh Dhudum , Nitin Patale ,Sushant Patil
[2]. Design,Construction And Structure Analysis Of Twinrotor UAV, International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.4, No.1, January 2014, ShlokAgarwal ,Apoorva Mohan and Kamlesh Kumar

Abstract: The use of sandwich structures with composite face sheets in commercial aviation is increasing since they offer great energy absorption potential and increase in flexural inertia without significant weight penalties. The purpose of the core is to maintain the distance between the laminates and to sustain shear deformation. By varying the core, the thickness and the material of the face sheet of sandwich structures; it is possible to obtain various properties and desired performance.The main environmental factors for the deterioration of GFRP sandwich composites are temperature, sunshine, water/moisture, alkalinity and load. In this paper an experimental investigation has been carried out to study combined effect of chosen parameters moisture and temperature (Hygrothermal) on magnitude of damage of GFRP sandwich structure composites under loading conditions.

Keywords: Sandwich, Composite, Hygrothermal, Three Point Bending Test, Flexural Stress, Preloading

[1]. www.orbit.dtu.dk/fedora/objects/orbit:65944/datastreams/file.../content
[2]. www.autospeed.com/composites.html/complete guide
[3]. B.A. Danawade, R R. Malagi and A.I. Mulla, "Study of Effect of Tolerance on Flexural Strength of Wood Reinforced Steel Tube," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, Vol 2(1), pp 156-163, 2012.
[4]. www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar99-91.pdf
[5]. www.eng.uab.edu/compositesLab/F_sandwch3.htm (University of Alabama)

Abstract: India is a power starved country. Population explosion and unprecedented rise in socio–economic status of population has led to steep rise in demand for power while the generation capacity has been lagging. Most households now possess modern electronic gadgets. This serious mismatch of demand and supply leads to power cuts. It affects industrial production besides inconvenience to a large part of population. Modern trends in safe power generation, transmission and conservation are presented in this paper

Keywords: Hydro-power, Transmission tower, IS 4091:1979, GRIHA, Tower collapse factor

[1] IS 1904:1986, Code of Practice for design and construction of foundations in soil.

[2] IS 4091:1979, Code of practice for design and construction of foundations for transmission towers and poles, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

[3] GRIHA Manual (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment), Introduction to National Rating System, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, TERI, New Delhi.

[4] IS 6403: 1981 Code of Practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundation, Bureau of India Standards, New Delhi [5] IS 8009:1976, Code of Practice for Calculation of settlement of foundation, Bureau of India Standards, New Delhi

Abstract: This paper presents the influence of the aggressive environment on the durability of the burnt clay bricks in general and the effect of the salts on the strength in particular, which may be due to the salt crystallization produced by changes in its microstructure when the bricks are subjected to polluted environments like sulfates and chlorides which causes the crumbling of the bricks. The specimens were exposed to either full immersion or spraying in the solutions containing sodium chloride and magnesium sulfates and then the compressive strength were determined at the interval of 7 days. There is a deterioration of the bricks and reduction in strength of specimens subjected to polluted environment.

Keywords: Fired clay bricks, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, compressive strength, partial immersion, spraying.

[1]. Wan Ibrahim M. H, Abu Bakar B.H, Megat Johari M.A, Ramadhansyah P. J and Mohd Fadzil (2012), "Influence of Sulfate and Chloride on The Mechanical Properties of Fired Clay Masonry Wall", International Journal of Integrated Engineering, Vol. 4, No 2, pp. 29-38.
[2]. D. Benavente, L. Linares-Fernandez, G. Cultrone and E. Sebastian (2006), "Influence of microstructure on the resistance to salt crystallization damage in brick", Journal of Materials and Structures, No.39, pp.105–113.
[3]. G. Sarangapani, B. V. Venkatarama Reddy and K. S. Jagadish (2005) , "Brick-Mortar Bond and Masonry Compressive Strength", Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.229–237.
[4]. Aeslina Abdul Kadir and Abbas Mohajerani (2011), "Bricks: an excellent building material for recycling wastes – a review", Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Calgary, AB, Canada Environmental Management and Engineering (EME 2011)

Abstract: This paper describes the experimental study of square duct with V type turbulators. The effects of inserted V-type turbulators, their attack angle on heat transfer rate, pressure drop and friction factor characteristics have been reported. All turbulators were tested under turbulent flow regime, for Reynolds numbers between 10000 and 30,000. Experiments are conducted for air with uniform heat flux condition.In the present work experimental study is carried out three different velocity flow rate results of turbulators were placed in square duct. Assorted turbulators inside square duct channel are extensively used to enhance heat transfer rate. The reason behind is that turbulators increase the fluid flow turbulence near the wall, disturb the boundary layer and also increase the heat transfer area

Keywords: friction factor, turbulator, squareduct,heat transfer coefficient , Reynolds number, Nusselt number

[1]. Saha, S. K., and Mallick, D. N, "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Laminar Flow in Rectangular and Square Plain Ducts and Ducts With Twisted-Tape Inserts", Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer,Vol 127,pp 966-977,2005
[2]. Pramanik, D., Saha, S.K. "Thermohydraulics of Laminar flow through Rectangular and Square Ducts with Transverse Ribs and Twisted Tapes",
[3]. S.Skullong,"Numerical investigation of Cooling Enhancement with internal ribs Coolant film", proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012.
[4]. J C. Han and J. S. Park, (1988), Developing heat transfer in rectangular channels with rib turbulators, International journal of Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 31, pp. 83-195.
[5]. Jiazeng Liu, Jianmin Gao, Tieyu Gao , Xiaojun Shi, (2013), Heat transfer characteristics in steam-cooled rectangular channels with two opposite rib-roughened walls, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 50, 104-111.

Abstract: The application of acoustic emission (AE) technique in detection and monitoring of bubble formation and collapse in valves are presented in this review. The generation of AE signals and the basic compositions of AE detection system are briefly explained. The applications of AE technique in valves are focused on condition monitoring and detection bubble formation (bubble cavitation), and leakage of water through valves. All results prove that the AE technique works well for detection and diagnosis of failures during valves.

[1]. E. Meland, V. Henriksen, E. Hennie and MR. Spectral analysis of internally leaking shut-down valves. Measurement. 2011; vol. 44: pp. 1059–1072.
[2]. J. M. Rajtar and R. Muthiah. Pipeline leak detection system for oil and gas flowlines. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 1997; vol. 119,: pp. 105–109.
[3]. F. Han, B. Song, T. Yu and WC. Present state and prospects for valve reliability technique study. Machine Tool & Hydraulics. vol. 9: p. 48.
[4]. Yan J, Heng-hu Y, Hong Y, Feng Z, Zhen L, Ping W, et al. Nondestructive Detection of Valves Using Acoustic Emission Technique. 2015; 2015. Available at: DOI:10.1155/2015/749371
[5]. G. Thompson and G. Zolkiewski. An experimental investigation into the detection of internal leakage of gases through valves by vibration analysis. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 1997; vol. 211, .

Abstract: This study deals with the effect of different type of treated waste water on properties of strength of concrete such as compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength with respect to Potable water. The waste water sample collected from waste water treatment plant near Shirdi. Water samples were used as Primary Treated Waste Water (PTWW), Secondary Treated Waste Water (STWW) which was analyzed for its chemical properties in laboratory. In that use of concrete mix of M30 the Potable water was fully replaced with the PTWW, STWW and Domestic Waste Water.............

Keywords: Domestic water, Potable water, Primary Treated Waste Water, Secondary Treated Waste Water concrete.

[1] K. Nirmalkumar and V. Sivkumar (2008), "Study on the durability impact of concrete by using recycled waste water", Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, pp 1-8.
[2] R. A. Taha (2010), "The feasibility of using Ground (brackish) water and Production (oily) water in construction compared with Tap water", International Journal of Sustainable Water and Environmental system, Vol. 1, pp 39-43.
[3] M. Silva and T. R. Naik (2010), "Sustainable use of resources", Second international conference construction material.
[4] K. S. al jabri (2011), "The effect of waste water on properties of high strength concrete", Twelfth East Asia-Pacific conference on Structural Engg., 370-376.
[5] V. Kulkarni (2014), "Study on compressive strength of concrete by using treated domestic waste water as mixing and curing of concrete", International Journal of Research in Engg. And Technology.

Abstract: This paper presents mathematical modeling and simulation, and experimental study of an electromechanical system (a direct current motor) to identify the mechanical and electrical parameters (mass moment of inertia, damping, armature resistance and motor constant) of the motor and its accessories. Laboratory experiments were performed to obtain the step responses of the motor. The parameters were identified in two stages viz: 1) determination of the time constant and gain of the first order transfer function of the motor's model using MATLAB Parameter Identification Toolbox. 2)............

Keywords: dc motor model, constraint optimization, parameter identification, time constant, step response.

[1]. N Sinha, C Dicenzo and B Szabados, Modeling of DC motors for control applications, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics and
Control Instrumentation, 21, 1974, 84-88.
[2]. W. Lord and J. H. Hwang, DC servomotors modeling and parameter determination. IEEE Trans. Industrial Applications, 13, 1973,
234-243.
[3]. S Zahidi, R Dhaouadi and S Member, Simultaneous identification of the linear and nonlinear characteristics of motor drives using
Dynamic Wavelet Networks, Proc. of 10th IEEE Conf. on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Auckland, New Zealand,
2015, 1888 - 1892.
[4]. J V Prisco and P A Voglewede, Dynamic modeling of a belt driven electromechanical XY plotter cutter, Journal of Computational
Nonlinear Dynamics, 10(2), 2015, 24501-24507.
[5]. C S Chen, S C Lin, S M Wang, Y M Hong, Adaptive control based on reduced-order parameter identification and disturbance
observer for linear motor, Proc. of ASME 2007 Conf. on International Manufacturing Science & Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia,
USA, 2007, 751-758

Abstract: The following text shows the information to the proposal of a data acquisition system for a BAJA off road vehicle. This system pretends to measure suspension, steering and brake parameters, for example, the traveling of shocks in suspension, RPM's in each wheel, acceleration, deceleration of the vehicle. Using optic sensors, magnetic sensors and accelerometers plugged to a FPGA Nexys 2 board which programs is concurrent.

Keywords: Off-road vehicle, FPGA, data acquisition, sensor, accelerometer

[1] http://www.sae.org/about/
[2] Reza N. Jazar, Vehicle Dynamics: Theory and Application, Springer, 2008.
[3] Tomas D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, SAE, 2006.
[4] J. Segers, Analysis Techniques for Racecar Data Acquisition, Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2008.
[5] Digilent. Nexys 2 Reference manual, http://www.digileninc.com, 2014.

Abstract: More than 85% of the dam types around the world are earth and rockfill dams. One of the main reasons of damages to these dams is settlement phenomenon which occurs during construction and first impoundment. Therefore, the prediction of dam settlement which depends on many parameters is crucial. The effect of these parameters on each other have made impossible the experimental methods, hence these relationships are of limited accuracy. As a result, these equations have less accuracy in comparison to what exactly occurs.............

Keywords: Gene Expression Programming; Rockfill Dams; Settlement; Sloping Core.

[1]. Habibagahi, G., (2002). "Post-Construction Settlement of Rockfill Dams Analyzed via Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems." Computers and Geotechnics, 29, pp. 211–233.
[2]. Fell, R., MacGregor, P., Stapledon, D., and Bell, G. (2005). Geotechnical Engineering of Dams, Taylor & Francis Group plc., London, UK.
[3]. Chen, Y., Hu, R., Lu, W., Li, D., Zhou, C., (2011). Modeling coupled processes of non-steady seepage flow and non-linear deformation for a concrete-faced rockfill dam, Computers and Structures, doi: 10.1016 / j. compstruc . 2011.03. 012.
[4]. Han-Gyu, P., Yong-Seong, K., Min-Woo, S., Heui-Dae, L., (2005). Settlement Behavior Characteristics of CFRD in Construction Period- Case of Daegok Dam, Jour. of the KGS, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 91-105.
[5]. Savas, Ö. R., (2005). Settlement Behavior of Concrete Faced Rockfill Dams: A Case Study, A thesis submitted to the graduate school of natural and applied sciences of Middle East technical university

Abstract: TThe use of packed bed microbial fuel cell (MFC) for septic waste water remediation and electricity generation was carried out for 18 days retention period. In the study, the multistage microbial fuel cells were designed. Septic wastewater qualities such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, TSS, and pH of both the raw and treated wastewater were determined in the laboratory on three days basis for the MFC loaded with external resistors ranging from 50 -1000Ω. Also Fractal Model for the prediction of substrate utilization in the microbial fuel cells was developed and used to predict the substrate in the cells............

[1]. Aiba, S., Humphrey, A.E., & Millis, N.F., (1965). Biochemical Engineering. New York: Academic Press.
[2]. APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1998). Standard methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition. Washington Dc:
American Public Health Association.
[3]. Chang, J.E., Nokie, T. & Matsumoto, J. (1983). Characteristics of Mixed Substrate Utilization in Methanogenic Phase of Anaerobic
Digestion. Proc. Jpn Soc. Civ. Engrs. No. 355, P. 79-87.
[4]. He, Z. Zhang, F. & Ge, Z. (2013).Using Microbial Fuel Cells to Treat Raw Sludge and Primary Effluent for Bioelectricity
Generation: Final Report. Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee.
[5]. Huggins, T., Wang, H., Kearns, J., Jenkins, P., Ren, Z.J. (2014). Biochar as a sustainable electrode material for electricity
production in microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. Vol.157, p.114–119.

Abstract: The use of multistage microbial fuel cell (MFC) for septic waste water remediation was carried out for 18 days retention period. In the study, the multistage microbial fuel cells were designed, electrical voltage, current, power output were measured and calculated. Septic wastewater qualities such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, TSS, and pH of both the raw and treated wastewater were determined in the laboratory on three days basis for the MFC loaded with external resistors ranging from 50 -1000Ω. The result revealed that a single fuel cell loaded with a 1000 ohms resistor can can effectively remove 99.8% TSS, 86.4% BOD and 82.8% nitrate in 18 days. The fuel cell can be used to effectively treat septic waste water in our homes.

[1]. Aiba, S., Humphrey, A.E., Millis, N.F., (1965). Biochemical Engineering. New York: Academic Press.
[2]. Allen, R. M and Bennetto, H. P., (1993). ―Microbial fuel cells: Electricity Production from Carbohydrate‖. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. Vol. 39, P. 27 – 40.
[3]. APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1998). Standard methods for Examination of water and Waste water, 21st Edition. Washington Dc: American Public Health Association.
[4]. Appels, L., Baeyens. .1., Degreve, J. and Dewil, R. (2008). ‗‗Principles and Potential of the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste—activated Sludge''. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 34, No. 6, P,755 – 781.
[5]. Bahan, S., Mikrob, A., Air, M. and kultur, S. (2011). ‗‗Microbial Fuel cells using Mixed Cultures of Wastewater for Electricity Generation''. Sains Malaysiana, Vol.40, No.9. P.993 -997.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to discuss the sustainable development of highrise building in Coimbatore (Tamilnadu, India) city. As the construction climax of high rise building has arrived in Coimbatore, many constructed or constructing tallbuildings are still in the state of environmentnot friendly, low standard, low efficiency and featureless. Residential buildings are evaluating by two more main things. Initially it is strengthening of the building and constructional architecture based on natural climate based. Lighting source is a very important aspect in the High Rise Buildings

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), High rise buildings, Latitude and Longitude, Reflection, Sun Light Source.

[1]. Irene Wong, H.X. Yang, Introducing natural lighting into the enclosed lift lobbies of high rise buildings by remote source lighting system, Energy Solutions for a Sustainable World, Special Issue of International Conference of Applied Energy, ICA2010, April 21-23, 2010, Singapore, Applied Energy Volume 90, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 225–232.
[2]. Moon, K. (2005). Dynamic Interrelationship between Technology and Architecture in Tall Buildings. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
[3]. Salman Hasanvand, Mohammad Reza Bemaniyan, mohammad aminkhojastehghamari, The consideration of high-rise building role in utilization of urban open space (Case study: region 1 of Tehran metropolitan), American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936, Volume-03, Issue-04, pp-135-143, www.ajer.org.
[4]. Schuler, Wolfgang, (1990), "Fundamental issues of high-rise building" Iranian Architectural and Urban Planning Studies and Research Center.
[5]. V. Chandwani, V. Agrawal, and N.K.Gupta, "Role of Conceptual Design in High Rise Buildings, "International Journal of Engineering, vol. 2, issue 4, pp.556-560, July-August 2012..

Abstract: This research presents a comprehensive study to perform the seismic analysis of buildings using Direct Displacement Based Method (DDBM), which is a viable and logical alternative to current force-based code approaches. This method is based on a concept of designing structures to achieve a specified performance limit state defined by strain or drift limits. The main objective of the paper is to examine analytically the use of DDBM in seismic design of different types of structural systems (frame, wall, and dual wall-frame buildings) and compare it with the traditional Force Based Design Method (FBDM). Using a developed Excel spread sheets for DDBM procedure, a set of buildings with different heights (2, 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18, and 20 stories) and different structural systems (frame buildings, wall buildings, and...........

Keywords: Performance-based design, displacement based design method, displacement ductility demand and capacity.

[1]. Calvi,G.M and Sullivan, T.j. "A Model code for the Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures" IUSS Press, Pavia Italy, May 2009.
[2]. Judi, H.J., Fenwick, R.C, and Davidson, B.J. "Direct Displacement-Based Design-a definition of damping", NZSEE conference 2001.
[3]. Priestley, M.J.N, "Direct Displacement-Based Design of Structures of Concrete Buildings" PCI journal, Pavia, Italy, December 2002.
[4]. Priestely, M.J.N, Grant, D.N., and Blandon "Direct Displacement – Based Seismic Design", NZSEE conference, Pavia, Italy 2005.
[5]. Priestley, M.J.N, Calvi, G.M, and Kowalsky, M.J, "Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures", IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy, 2007.

Abstract: The aim of the presented study was to investigate the effect of frictional welding between two different stainless steel materials on their torsional properties. The study took two approaches; an experimental approach and a finite element analysis approach. Experimental approach was undertaken out to study the welded Specimens ability to withstand applied torsional moments and to compare the results for specimens welded with different forging pressures, 101.512MPa, 146.629MPa and 225.583MPa; non-welded specimens were also produced and tested. Finite element analysis approach was undertaken to study the generated heat during the process of welding and the heat transfer throughout the specimen as well as generating a heat transfer profile for the welding process.

Keywords: Friction Welding, Torsional Properties, Finite Element Analysis.

[1]. Selim Sarper Yilmaz Mehmet Uzkut, Bekir Sadk Nl And Mustafa Akda. Friction Welding And Its Applications In Today's World. ,
[2]. Friction Welding. Mti, 1999.
[3]. Shubhavardhan Rn And Surendran S. Friction Welding To Join Dissimilar Metals. International Journal of Emerging Technology And Advanced Engineering, 2012.
[4]. Mmin Ahn. Friction Welding Of Different Materials. International Scientific Conference, 2010.
[5]. Amit Handa And Vikas Chawla. Experimental Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Friction Welded Aisi Steels. Cogent Engineering, 2014.

Abstract: The refractories need of Nigeria, a fast growing industrial nation, is potentially enormous. The country spends a huge amount of foreign exchange importing refractories. While, a lot of clay deposits are in this country, which can be processed to meet our local needs. The suitability of some kaolinite clays in Nigeria as refractory raw materials was investigated. A mathematical model was developed based on the concentration and absorbance of the metallic element present in the kaolinite clay. MATLAB was used to simulate the model data and results obtained were compared with experimental values............

Keywords: Clays, Kaolinite, Mathematical Modelling, Raw materials, Refractory Properties

[1] BORODE, J. O and AJAKA, E. O. (2002) Colour Removal from Kaolin Clay. Nigerian Journal of Engineering Management (NJEM), Vol. 3, No.1, pp.7-12.
[2] BORODE, J. O; ONYEMAOBI, O. O. and OMOTOYINBO, J. A. (2000). Suitability of Some Nigerian Clays as Refractory Raw Materials NJEM, Vol. 1, No.3,pp. 14-18.
[3] CALLISTER, JR. W. D. (2003). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Sixth Edition. New York: John Wiley. pp. 384-410, 425-443.
[4] CHALMERS, R. A. (1968). Aspects of Analytical Chemistry. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. Pp. 14, 74-76. HASSAN, S. B. (2001). Effects of Silicon Carbide on Some Refractory Properties of Kankara Clay Proc. of the Nigerian Metallurgical Society, the 18th Annual Conf. Pp. 46-52.

Abstract: In this research work, the Impact of Sensitization on the Corrosion of austenitic stainless steel, type 304 and 316 when immersed in fresh water was investigated in detail. A set of samples has been normalized by soaking the steel at a temperature range of 550oC – 750oC followed by air cooling. On the other hand, a total of five sets of the samples of steel were given sensitization treatment by holding at a temperature range of 550 – 750oC for different soaking time periods ranging from 30 minutes..............

Keywords: Sensitization, Austenitic Stainless Steel, Corrosion, Microstructure

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