iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2016

Abstract: Engine is the heart of aircraft, which makes other systems dependent on it for their proper function. This arise the situation to use an engine with high efficiency and reliability. In spite of all other types of engine, Gas turbine engine is the best suited one for modern transportation. To make the engine effective, its control system plays a vital role. In this paper all about the engine control system are discussed such as its usage, types, architecture, constraints and its future needs.

Keywords: Electronic Engine Control, FADEC, Distributed Architecture

[1] Irwin E. Treager, "Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Technology", Third Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 978-0-07-463111-9
[2] Tony Giampaolo, "Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices", Fourth Edition, The Fair Mont Press, ISBN-13: 978-1-4398-0191-8
[3] A. Chipperfield and P. Fleming, 1996, "Multiobjective Gas Turbine Engine Controller Design Using Genetic Algorithms", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 43
[4] A. J. Chipperfield and P. J. Fleming, 1998, "Evolutionary Design of Gas Turbine Aero-Engine Controllers". In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics
[5] Hjelmgren.K, Svensson.S, and Hannius.O, 1998, "Reliability Analysis of a Single Engine Aircraft FADEC", Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE Conference Publication, 10.1109/RAMS.1998.653811

Abstract: In India housing is still a major problem faced by low class people and adversely suffered by harsh environmental conditions as they are homelessly residing on roads, ordinary homes, open fields etc. Due to high and growing building material cost, construction time, easyland and material availability etc., the eradication of the problem remains a dream. So, in the growing concern of awareness regarding sustainable building material and environmental issue, Cement Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEB) gives the view of energy efficient, cost reduction and environmental friendly building materials..............

Keywords: Economy, Karewa soil, OPC, Compaction, Strength, Water absorption.

[1]. CSEB manual of design and construction by Hubert Guiilaud, Theory Jeofry, CRATerre-eng.
[2]. CSEB production and technology transfer to ANAM, Nigeria (Nigeria- anam-en-pdf).
[3]. International Journal of structural and civil engineering research (IJSCER).
[4]. International labour Organization(1987). small scale manufacture of stabilized blocks, p.204 (iiece.org.24pdf).
[5]. IS : 1725-1882(Reaffirmed 2002) specification for soil based for soil based blocks used in general building construction.
[6]. IS-3495-1976(Reaffirmed 1995 )PART 1 (second revision) -burnt clay facing bricks (determination of compressive strength).

Abstract: Cracks in the machine changes dynamic characteristics like reduction of model frequency. It changes the stiffness of the structure. Due to these cracks, fatigue occurs in the machine, it get failure. The change in dynamic behavior in structure helps to identify the crack parameters like crack location and size. In this study Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) was performed on cracked beams and a healthy beam. The first three natural frequencies were considered as a basic criterion for crack detection. By evaluating first three natural frequencies using vibration measurements, the crack curves equivalent to stiffness were plotted and the three.............

Keywords: Cracks, cantilever beams, natural frequency, FFT analyzer

[1]. A.V.Deokar, andV.D.Wakchaure "Experimental Investigation of Crack Detection in Cantilever Beam Using Natural Frequency as Basic Criterion", International Conference On Current Trends In S
[2]. Sameer Naik "Thesis on Vibration analysis of cracked steel beams".Technology, "NUiCONE – 2011
[3]. P. R. Baviskar& V.B. Tungikar "Analysis of Crack in Shaft of Blower Using Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Technique", IJRRAS8 (1), july 2011 page no.30-35.
[4]. Yogesh D. Shinde,Prof. S. D. Katekar "Vibration Analysis of Cantilever beam with Single Crack using Experimental Method", International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) May 2014, Vol. 3 Issue 5,page no.1644-47.

Abstract: This paper investigates the fatigue behavior of Fe58.12 Nb13.74B28.14. Suction mold casting technique was used to fabricate the Fe-based bulk metallic glass. The endurance limit of the Fe-based bulk metallic glass was investigated by using computer-controlled electrohydraulic testing machine, operated at 25 Hz with stress ratio of 0.1., using tension-tension mode. Xrd and dsc experiments were carried out to ascertain whether the material is truly amorphous. The fatigue endurance limit of Fe58.12Nb13.74 B28.14 was obtained to be approximately 975 MPa for stress range definition. Fractography of the fracture surfaces indicated that there are crack initiation sites.

Keywords: Bulk metallic glasses, low cycle fatigue, high-cyle fatigue, fractography, fracture surface, S-N curve

[1]. Aziz Egemen VARLI and Rıza G¨URB¨UZ, (2006), Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of 6013 Aluminium Alloy at Different Ageing Conditions in Two Orientations, Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci. 30 (2006) 381 – 386.
[2]. Williams, J.C. and Starke Jr., E.A., "Progress in Structural Materials for Aerospace Systems", Acta Materialia, 51, 5775-5799, 2003.
[3]. Gurbuz, R. and Sarıoglu F., "Fatigue crack growth behaviour in aluminium alloy 7475 under different aging conditions", Materials Science and Technology, 17, 1539-1543, 2001.
[4]. Biallas, G., Alléhaux, D., Marie, F., Role of residual stresses on Fatigue Crack Propagation of FSW 6056-T78 aluminium joints under various technologies, Materials Science Forum Vols. 519-521, pp. 1089-1094, 2006.
[5]. Dugdale, D.S. (1960). Yielding of steel sheets containing slits. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 8,

Abstract: The actual behaviour of the structures under seismic load may significantly differ from what the analysis provides treating the structure to be on fixed base. There is a large difference in the foundation input motion during the earthquake for soft soils when compared to free field ground motion that exists in the absence of structure with the assumption of a fixed support. These interaction effects results in dynamic responses showing significant variation in frequency and amplitude values that were obtained...........

Keywords: Chimney, interaction, frequency, soil flexibility, dynamic response

[1]. Indrajit Chowdhury and ronkoyeltarafdar, Dynamic soil structure interaction analysis of reinforced concrete chimneys under aerodynamic force, The Indian Concrete Journal, November 2014, Vol.88,Issue 11,pp.41-50
[2]. Indrajit Chowdhury and ronokeltarafdar, Dynamic soil structure interaction analysis of rigid reinforced concrete water tank resting on ground, The Indian Concrete Journal, February 2015,Vol.89,Issue 2,pp.14-23
[3]. S.Ramamrutham, Design of reinforced concrete structures pg1273
[4]. N.Krishna Raju, Advanced reinforced concrete design pg 43

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze the leaf spring for the constraints such as material composition, vibrations developed in the springs. Vibration analysis plays a very important role in the design of steel leaf spring, since the failure due to vibration is more prominent rather than material failure. In this paper an attempt has been made to predict the vibration behavior of leaf spring under dynamic forces and to check the suitability of steel material.The FE model of the leaf spring has been generated inPro-e and imported in ANSYS-14 for finite element analysis, which are most popular CAE tools. The FE analysis of the leaf spring has been performed by discretization of the model in infinite nodes and elements and refining them under defined boundary condition. The analytical results are compared with experimentalresults and verified.

Keywords: Leaf Spring, FEA, frequency response, vibration,etc.

[1]. Sugiyama et al [2006] Fatigue of Composites – Fatigue Modulus Concept and Life Prediction Journal of Composite Materials,
[2]. Fancheret al[1978] Composite Materials Design and Processes for Automotive Applications. The ASME Winter Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
[3]. Cebon, D [1986] Simulation of the response of leaf springs to broad band random excitation.Vehicle System Dynamics,
[4]. Hoyle, [2004] "Evaluation of a Multi-Leaf Hybrid Springs for Automotive Suspensions" SAE paper series, 2004-01-0782
[5]. MouleeswaranSenthil Kumar, SabapathyVijayarangan, [2007] " Analytical And Experimental Studies On Fatigue Life Prediction Of Steel And Composite Multi-Leaf Spring For Light Passenger Vehicles Using Life Data Analysis" Materials Science . Vol.13.No.2

Abstract: This paper describes about influence of both ageing response and amount of TiC reinforcement on Al composites properties such as age hardening, electric resistivity and microstructure changes. The samples were aged at 30, 100, 170, and 240°C for 0.01 to 100 hours. The peak of the hardness and resistivity values of the MMCs were increased with increasing TiC content and ageing temperature. Ageing acceleration precipitation was observed more significantly in higher percentage reinforced composite due to higher dislocation density. Dislocation density helped to nucleate the precipitation, which is higher in composites due to mismatching thermal and mechanical properties between reinforcement and matrix. Changes in the properties of the composites during ageing have been explained on the basis of micro structural alterations during ageing.

Keywords: Ageing, Al/TiC composites, hardness, DSC.

[1] Yan Cui, Tingzhu Jin, Leigang Cao, Fengbin Liu, "Ageing behavior of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites fabricated by pressureless infiltration" Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 681, 5 October 2016, pp 233-239

[2] Chuandong Wu, Kaka Ma, Jialu Wu, Pan Fang, Guoqiang Luo, Fei Chen, Qiang Shen, Lianmeng Zhang, Julie M. Schoenung, Enrique J. Lavernia, "Influence of particle size and spatial distribution of B4C reinforcement on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of precipitation strengthened Al alloy matrix composites" Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 675, 15 October 2016, pp 421-430 [3] V.S. Aigbodion, "Thermal ageing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mg alloy/bagasse ash particulate composites" Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, Vol. 26, Issue 2, July 2014, pp 144-151

[4] Tianran Hong, Xianfeng Li, Haowei Wang, Dong Chen, Kui Wang , Effects of TiB2 particles on ageing behavior of in-situ TiB2/Al–Cu–Mg composites, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 624, 29 January 2015, pp 110-117

[5] N.Ch. Kaushik, R.N. Rao, Effect of applied load and grit size on wear coefficients of Al 6082–SiC–Gr hybrid composites under two body abrasion, Tribology International, Vol. 103, November 2016, pp 298-308

Abstract: Soil stabilization is being done to improve the properties of locally available soils to make them suitable for required construction activity. Cement stabilization is one of the oldest methods of stabilization of soils to improve strength and reduce permeability. Most of the research on cement stabilization of soils is done with regards to volume stability, strength improvement interms of Unconfined Compressive Strength, bearing capacity and permeability...........

Keywords: Cement stabilization, Mooram, CBR, OMC , MDD.

[1]. Ali, G A Youssef, A-FA(1983)," Stabilization of Silt: A Case Study For Low-Volume Roads in Saudi Arabia", pagination (283-290).
[2]. Arora, K.R (2000), "Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering", Standard Publishers, Delhi.
[3]. Antonio Viana da Fonseca, Rodrigo Caberlon Cruz and Nilo Cesar Consoli (2009), " Strength Properties of Sandy Soil- Cement Admixtures ", Geotech Geol Eng Vol.27,pp 681-686.
[4]. B.V. Venkatarama Reddy and A. Gupta(2004), " Characteristics of Soil-Cement Blocks Using Highly Sandy Soils ", Materials and Structures, Vol.38, pp 651-658.
[5]. Consoli NC, Lopes LS Jr, Heineck KS(2009), "Key Parameters for the Strength Control Of Lime Stabilized Soils", J mater Civ Eng 21(5), pp 210-216.

Abstract: Transportation is a major developing sector in India, and required for good quality of roads, railway and airways is high. Concrete has occupied an important place in construction industry in the past few decades and it is used widely in all types of constructions ranging from small buildings to large infrastructural dams or reservoirs. Cement is major ingredient of concrete. The cost of cement is increasing day by day due to its limited availability and large demand. In the present study an attempt been made on concrete and also an experimental investigation on the concrete using Nylon Crystal..........

Keywords:Acid Attack, Bond Strength, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Nylon crystal, Split Tensile strength

[1]. Dr.Suji D, Poovendran S, Prabhakar P "Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Waste Foundry Sand in Flexible Pavements" in IJCSER, 2015.
[2]. Deepak R "Experimental study on Mechanical properties of Bituminous paving mixes using steel slag" in IJCSER, 2015.
[3]. Lejumol.T.U "Experimental study on Sulphate Attack in Granite Powder concrete with GGBFS" in IJCSER, 2015.
[4]. Naveen Kumar MS, Nikhil B, Nikhil Patel AR "Experimental studied on clay tile power as partial replacement of cement for sustainable concrete" in IJETT, 2015.
[5]. Krishna Kumar S "Experimental Study on Concrete using Waste Marble Power and Quarry Dust as Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate" in IJCSER,2015.

Abstract: In this study, two dimensional numerical modeling has been used to investigate heat transfer and fluid flow in a micro heat pipe. Water and water vapor is considered as liquid and vapor phases in two phase flow investigation. For flow field analysis, the contours and diagrams for velocity, pressure and volume fraction of each phase has been presented. Heat transfer analysis is presented by temperature diagrams. In addition, effects of different geometries and various length scales have been considered by comparison of temperature diagrams. High oscillations and instabilities have been observed by the results of velocity and pressure.........

Keywords: Heat transfer, Micro fluidic, Micro heat pipe, Phase changes

[1]. Kamali, R., Barari, B., and Shirazi, A. A., "Numerical Analysis of Entropy Generation in Array of Pin-Fin Heat Sinks for Some Different Geometries," Proc. ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, pp. 1623-1628.
[2]. Rahimzadeh, H., Barari, B., and Asoodeh, M. H., "Numerical Analysis of Two-Phase Turbulent Flow in Horizontal Channel with Experimental Verification," Proc. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering.
[3]. Bidabadi, M., Barari, G., Azimi, M., and Mafi, M., 2009, "Theoretical Study of a Perfectly Volatile Particle Triple Flame," International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, 1(5), pp. 26-29.
[4]. BIDABADI, M., BARARI, G., and RAHBARI, A., "Analytical study of the triple flame for micro‐droplet fuel stream considering heat loss," Proc. Experimental fluid mechanics.
[5]. Rahbari, A., and Barari, G., "Theoretical Study of

Abstract: The quest to obtain renewable energy has increased in recent years. Areas in the field of power generation have been developed with the use of available energy taken from different sources. Our proposal offers a different source to obtain energy, today one can find bumps almost everywhere on the transit routes, these bumps are capable to transform the potential energy of any vehicle into electric energy. In recent times, we can also see multiple devices of suspension in vehicles that generate electricity with movement as well as the regenerative braking system. In shopping centers one can be observed electric generators on floors and stairs generating electricity when people walk on them...........

Keywords: Available energy, Bumps, Hydraulic motor, Hydraulic pistons.

[1]. http://aghulera.com/195466_Topes-para-Estacionamiento.html
[2]. Ramadan,M. "Using speed bump for power generation –Experimental Study", 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
[3]. Todaria, P. "Design, Modeling and Test of a Novel Speed Bump Energy Harvester" ,2015. SPIE Smart Structures/NDE Conference, March 8-12, 2015,San Diego, CA
[4]. Santosh Sarma, B. Design of Power Generation Unit Using Roller Mechanism, 2014. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
[5]. Mashi Khalfan,O. Energy generation from weights of moving vehicles: A case study at
Alaeddin Keykubad Campus-Konya/Turkey. 2014.Elsevier, Ltd.

Abstract: Concrete is most commonly and widely used material in infrastructure development. Coarse aggregate is major ingredient of concrete which constitutes to about 60 to 70% in terms of volume of concrete. The cost of coarse aggregate is increasing day by day due to its limited availability and large demand. In the present work, Quartzite is used as an alternate material to coarse aggregate and studies various engineering and mechanical properties. Experimental studies were performed on plain cement concrete by replacing coarse aggregate up to 100% and durability studies were performed by 100% replacement of coarse aggregate.........

Keywords: Quartzite, concrete, coarse aggregate, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Splint Tension Strength.

[1]. Akbulut H, Gürer C. "Use of aggregates produced from marble quarry waste in asphalt pavements". Build Environ (2007) 42: 1921–30.
[2]. J.R. Correia , J.S. Lima, J. de Brito "Post-fire mechanical performance of concrete made with selected plastic waste aggregates", Cement & Concrete Composites 53 (2014) 187–199.
[3]. Debieb F, Kenai S. "The use of coarse and fine crushed bricks as aggregate in concrete". Constr Build Mater (2008) 22(5):886–93.
[4]. De Brito J, Pereira AS, Correia JR. "Mechanical behaviour of non-structural concrete made with recycled ceramic aggregates". Cem Concr Compos (2005) 27(4):429–33.
[5]. Hanifi Binici "Durability of heavy weight concrete containing barite", Int.J.Mat.Res.101 (2010) 8.

Abstract: Concrete has occupied an important place in construction industry in the past few decades and it is used widely in all types of constructions ranging from small buildings to large infrastructural dams or reservoirs. Cement is major ingredient of concrete. The cost of cement is increasing day by day due to its limited availability and large demand. At the same time the global warming is increasing day by day. Manufacturing of cement also releases carbon dioxide. In the present study an attempt been made on concrete and also an experimental investigation on the concrete using by replacing cement with FLYASH and GGBS to decrease the usage of cement as...........

Keywords: Acid Attack, Bond Strength, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, GPC, Split Tensile strength

[1]. Bakharev, T., Sanjayan, J. G., & Cheng, J. B. (2003). Resistance of alkali-activated slag concrete to acid attack. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 1607-1611.
[2]. Bakharev, T. (2005a). Durability of geopolymer materials in sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions. Cement And Concrete Research, 35(6), 1233-1246.
[3]. Bakharev, T. (2005b). Geopolymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing. Cement And Concrete Research, 35(6), 12241232.
[4]. Bakharev, T. (2005c). Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack. Cement And Concrete Research, 35(4), 658-670.
[5]. Balaguru, P., Kurtz, S., & Rudolph, J. (1997). Geopolymer for Repair and Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Beams. The Geopolymer Institute. Retrieved 3 April, 2002, from the World Wide Web: www.geopolymer.org

Abstract: Optimization of sea-port facilities is one of the common problems encountered in the optimization of the harbor. In this study discusses the development of the queuing system for optimization of harbor facilities. Queuing system developed is a model queue with server service pattern that follows the Erlang distribution which consists of two phases of service and discipline priority queue preemptive resume. The process of developing the model was done using two approaches, with the approach of mathematical models and fuzzy models. Mathematical approach was taken to determine the queue statistics such as waiting times and long queues...........

Keywords: Erlang distribution, Fuzzy model, Queuing model, Poisson distribution, Sea-port.

[1] Munir B. S., Abhik C., S. L. Nalbalwar, K. T. Subramanian, Novel Approach to Improve QoS of a Multiple Server Queue, International Journal Communications, Network and System Sciences. 3, 2010, 83-86.
[2] LA Zadeh, J. Kacprzyk, Computing with Words in Information/Intelligent Systems 1: Foundations, (Springer-Verlag; Berlin, 1999).
[3] J R Hauser, G L Urban, From Little's Law to Marketing Science, (MIT Press, Massachusetts, 2016)
[4] Payne, James A. Introduction to Simulation: Programmming Techniques and Methods of Analysis. (McGraw-Hill, Inc., Singapore, 1998).
[5] Zhang, R., Phillis, Y.A., Kouikoglou, V.S. Fuzzy Control of Queuing System. (Springer-Verlag, London, 2004).

Abstract: An experimental investigation for solar chimney performance used as a heating source in Iraqi environmental condition has been done. Experimental room adopted under certain scale to (2.5 1.291.07) m, the studying model equipped with a solar collector 40° inclination angle south facing. The results were taking through January and February at different locations in test zone. The results showed that adopting walls towards sun light will improve the stored energy. Improving heat energy helps to make more motive force to
flow air inside supposed building.

Keywords: Natural ventilation, Solar chimney, Passive heating, Similitude.

[1] Haghighi, A. P., & Maerefat, M. (2014). Solar ventilation and heating of buildings in sunny winter days using solar
chimney. Sustainable Cities and Society, 10, 72-79.
[2] Khedari, J., Boonsri, B., and Hirunlabh. J. (2000). Ventilation impact of a solar chimney on indoor temperature fluctuation and air
change in a school building. Energy and Buildings, 32: 89-93.
[3] C.Byrjalsen , J. Halldorsson , P. Bandopadhayay , P. Heiselberg , Y.Li , Z.D.Chen , "An experimental investigation of a solar
chimney model with uniform wall heat flux" ,Building and Environment , Vol.38 ,pp.893-906, 2003.
[4] Bunnag, T., Khedari, J., Hirunlabh, J., & Zeghmati, B. (2004). Experimental investigation of free convection in an open-ended
inclined rectangular channel heated from the top. International journal of ambient energy, 25(3), 151-162.
[5] Zhai, X.Q., Dai, Y.J., and Wang, R.Z. (2005). Experimental investigation on air heating and natural ventilation of a solar air
collector. Energy and Buildings, 37: 373-381..

Abstract: In this study, investigate the performances on the Strength parameter of concrete by with of copper slag waste in concrete mixture. Copper slag employed in a various type of construction applications in which concrete material is one of them. A test was performed to examine the strength and durability performances of concrete consisting copper slag as a substitute of sand and cement results have been presented in this Study. Two different types of Concrete Grade (M25 & M30) were used with different proportions of copper slag substitution (0 to 20%) in the concrete. Strength & Durability properties such as Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, were evaluated for both mixes of concrete........

Keywords: Copper slag, Partial Replacement, compressive strength, concrete material.

[1]. Sukhoon Pyo, Sherif El-Tawil, Antoine E. Naaman, "Direct tensile behavior of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) at high strain rates", Elsevier, 2016.
[2]. Anju Ramesan, Shemy S. Babu, Aswathy Lal, "Performance of light weight concrete with plastic aggregate", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2015, pp.105-110.
[3]. Sahil Verma, Sahil Arora, "Replacement of Natural Sand in Concrete by Polyethylene Bottles" International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 02 Issue: 01, Apr-2015.
[4]. Binaya Patnaik, Seshadri Sekhar.T, Srinivasa Rao, "Strength and Durability Properties Of Copper Slag Admixed Concrete" International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, e-ISSN: 2319-1163, p-ISSN: 2321-7308, Volume 4, Issue 1, Feb 2015.
[5]. Chinmay buddhadev, Jayesh kumar pitroda, Prof. Chetna m. Vyas, "A review of innovative use of copper slag and foundry sand in design mix concrete" Journal Of International Academic Research For Multidisciplinary, Impact Factor 1.625, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 12, January 2015.

Abstract: Due to presence of occupants in the specified volume of design offices the oxygen content goes on decreasing as people continuously inhale oxygen and generate carbon dioxide thus reducing oxygen level and increasing carbon dioxide level which is detrimental for human health. For a particular office space the number of occupants and their time of occupancy adversely affect the performance level of the occupants. Medical reports show that if carbon dioxide concentrations are above the specified levels as mentioned in ASHRAE guidelines, decision-making ability of human will be adversely affected. The present study has been conducted for measurement of carbon dioxide levels in air conditioned industrial design centers for different volumes,.........

Keywords: Indoor air quality, split air conditioning, carbon dioxide, Taguchi, human performance

[1]. Azadeh, A., & Sheikhalishahi, M. (2015). An efficient taguchi approach for the performance optimization of health, safety, environment and ergonomics in generation companies. Safety and health at work, 6(2), 77-84.
[2]. Andrew Persily (2015), Challenges in developing ventilation and indoor air quality standards: The story of ASHRAE Standard 62, Building and Environment, ISSN: 0360-1323, Volume 91, Pages 61–69.
[3]. Hiltrop, J. M., & Despres, C. (1994). Benchmarking the performance of human resource management. Long Range Planning, 27(6), 43-57.
[4]. Kalsi, N. S., Sehgal, R., & Sharma, V. S. (2016). Multi-Objective Optimization using Grey Relational Taguchi Analysis in Machining: Grey Relational Taguchi Analysis. International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence (IJOCI), 6(4), 45-64.
[5]. Lin, Z., Yao, T., Chow, T. T., Fong, K. F., & Chan, L. S. (2011). Performance evaluation and design guidelines for stratum ventilation. Building and Environment, 46(11), 2267-2279.

Abstract: Advanced geotechnical design on difficult soils has often been based on finite element analysis using isotropic elasto-plastic soil models, such as Modified Cam clay (Roscoe & Burland 1968). Natural soil deposits, however, tend to be highly anisotropic, due to the deposition process and subsequent loading history. Neglecting the anisotropy of soil behaviour may lead to highly inaccurate predictions of soil response under loading. During the recent times several anisotropic elasto-plastic soil models have been proposed (e.g. Banerjee & Yousif 1986, Dafalias 1987, Whittle & Kavvadas 1994, Newson 1997). Unfortunately some of these models predict unrealistic behaviour for certain stress paths.........

Keywords: residual soils; undisturbed soil; critical state parameters; anisotropic models

[1]. Aylmore,L.A.G. and Quirk ,J.P 1960.Domain or Turbo-stratic structer of clays .Nature ,187:1046
[2]. Bjerrum L. (1967a), Engineering Geology of Norwegian Normally Consolidated Marine Clay's Related to Settlements of Buildings, Geotechnique, 27(2), 83-117.
[3]. Bjerrum,L.(1967b). Profressive failure in slopes of overcosolidated plastic clay and clay shales. Soil mech.,Cape Town 1,95-99
[4]. Burland, J.B. (1990), On the compressibility and shear strength of natural clays. Geotechnique, 40(3): 329-378 and 327-378.
[5]. Chen,W.F.and Mizuno .E.,1990.Nonlinear Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering.McGraw Hill, Newyork p.413..

Abstract: This study focused the design and evaluation of a mobile solar vending cold cabinet used for storing and distribution of temperature-sensitive items. The system consisted of aphotovoltaic (PV) panel, charge controller, deep-cycle battery, and the cold cabinet that has a drier-cum-filter with other basic refrigerating components. The solar power generation system was designed to produce a battery backup life of 18 hours. Tests were conducted with and without loads inside the cold cabinet, and the daily coefficient of performance (COP) of the system was determined. The results obtained indicate that the average daily actual COP was 4.5 and the minimum temperature attained in the cabinet was -3.8Celcius (269.2 K). The study showed that the solar powered cooling cabinet designed can serve as an alternative means of storing and distribution of temperature sensitive items.

Keywords: Photovoltaic Panel, Coefficient of performance, Cold Cabinet, DC Compressor

[1] Arora, C.P.(2000)"Refrigeration and air conditioning"2nd Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company limited, NewDelhi.
[2] El-Shaarawi, M.A.I., Al-Qutub, A., Said, S.A.M. and Adebiyi, A. (2013) "Technical and Economic Investigation of Solar Photovoltaic Refrigeration System in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Aircondition and Refrigeration. DOI 10 1142/S2010132513500223
[3] Kim, D.S. and InfanteFerreria, C.A. (2008) " Solar Refrigeration Options: a state of the art review, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 31,Issue 1, Pg. 1012-1020
[4] Randip, K.D. (2010) "Review on Solar Adsorption Refrigeration Cycle, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 1, Number 1, Pg. 190 -226
[5] Rupesh, V., Bharat, M.R., Anjana, D.S. (2012) "Solar Refrigeration Technologies: A key Review on Current Status and Recent Developments" International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 7, Pg. 248-253..

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to optimize the design using finite element analysis method and to validate the design. The main intention is to reduce the weight of the structural design of the base welded structure which is the only component that bears the whole load plus the weight of the trolley and then it transfer to the wheel. This paper presents finite element analysis of a methodology to model and simulate trolley used in automotive industry, especially in car manufacturing company for shifting the car body and panel. In this study, the design is carried out using CREO software and analysis of the trolley is performed using finite element commercial code ANSYS Workbench. The Von-mises yield principle has been used to determine the distribution of stress intensity. The proposed model has better results compared to the existing model of the trolley.

Keywords: Ansys, Ergonomics, Material handling system, Trolley, Von-mises stress.

[1] Happy Bansal and Sunil Kumar, Weight Reduction and Analysis of Trolley Axle Using Ansys, International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 2(6),2012,32-36

[2] http://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/material-handling-trolleys.html

[3] http://www.bristolmaid.com/2013/generalpurposetrolleys.pdf

[4] Ergonomic Guidelines for Manual Material Handling was prepared for publication by the Cal/OSHA Consultation Service, Research and Education Unit, Division of Occupational Safety & Health, California, Department of Industrial Relations (2007)

[5] http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ergonomics/.

Abstract: Forging is a process where a shape of a component is manufactured by heating raw material in a furnace and applying compressive forces on the die. Though it's a hot forging process, there will be die wear and plastic deformation. Due to these deformations often replacement of die is required, which causes an increase in production cost and there is loss of productive plan. It also changes the dimensions of required component. The paper discusses how to increase the die life. The effort made to increase die life is to increase number of operations on the die that lead to reduce the drop force. This process is being done by two ways..........

Keywords: Modeling, Die life, CAE software, Optimization..

[1] Forging Process Analysis and Perform Design by Harshil Parikh, Bhavin Mehta, and Jay Gunasekera.
[2] Preliminary research for the development of a hot forging die life prediction model by Thomas Grobaski.
[3] Finite element stress analysis of forging dies to improve their fatigue life by K. Dehghani, A. Jafari..

Abstract: Tillage is an equipment attached to the tractor for ploughing the earth to remove the weeds so as to sow the seeds in a desired manner. The main tool in the tillage equipment is the blade flange assembly which has l-shaped blades and can run with the rated power of motor. This paper mainly focuses on the dynamic (modal, hormonic, transient) and fatigue analysis of the tillage equipment performed using ansys software. Firstly, dynamic analysis is performed and then optimization of the tillage is being done to get better efficiency and factor of safety........

Keywords: Tillage, Modelling, Dynamic Analysis, Fatigue Analysis,Optimization.

[1] Design Optimization in Rotary Tillage Tool System Components by Computer Aided Engineering Analysis by Gopal U. Shinde and Shyam R. Kajale.
[2] Computer aided engineering analysis and design optimization of rotary tillage tool Components by Gopal U. Shinde and Shyam R. Kajale.
[3] Design Modification and Structural Analysis of Rotavator Blade by Using Hyper Works 12.0 by C. Manivelprabhu, Dr. N. Sangeetha, T .Ramganesh.
[4] Design and development of rotavator blade by Prof. Shinde V.B, Mr. Malve R.N, Mr. Sangle H.S,Mr. Yendhe N.L, Mr. Bari G.E.
[5] Development of rotary weeder blades by Finite Element Method by Mr. Mahesh Gavali 1, Mr. Satish Kulkarni.Finite element based fatigue analysis by Dr NWM Bishop, MSC Frimley..

Abstract: Due to the day by day innovations and development in construction field, the use of natural aggregates is very high and at the same time production of solid wastes from the demolitions of constructions is also very high. Because of these reasons the reuse of demolished constructional wastes and granite powder came into the picture to reduce the solid waste and to reduce the scarcity of natural aggregates. Crushed waste tiles and Granite powder are used as a replacement to the coarse aggregates and fine aggregate..........

Keywords: Bond Strength, Crushed tiles, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Granite powder,Split Tensile strength. Water absorption..

[1] CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY" Theory and practice, A text book by M.S.Shetty, 2005.
[2] A.A Ramezanianpour, P.pourbiek, M.Mahdikhani, and F.Moodi. "Mechanical properties and durability of concrete containing rice husk ash as supplementary cementing material" International journal of civil Engineering. Vol. 7. 2, june 2009, june 2010.
[3] Alireza Nirshid,, suraya Abdul Rashid,Farah Nora A.Aziz, Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh. "Contribution of Rice husk ash to the properties of mortar and concrete A Review" journal of American science: 2010.
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[5] Muhammad Soaid Ismail and A.M. Waliuddin, " Effect of rice husk ash on high strength concrete", Construction and Building Material,Vol. 10.No. 7,1996, 521-526..

Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation for the reuse of ethylene-vinyl acetate E.V.A. discarded by the footwear industry. With the objective of obtaining an alternative to reduce the environmental impact generated by remains of the material and reduce the accumulation in landfills. The study presents an evaluation of the possibility of using the E.V.A. as a composite in reinforced gypsum plaster walls. Different proportions of E.V.A. mixed with gypsum were used. The tests of hardness, compression, flexure, impact, water absorption, setting times, particle size distribution and ignitability were performed. In addition, the composite structure was evaluated through the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the composite.

Keywords: Ethylene-vinyl acetate E.V.A., Gypsum plaster walls, Reuse, Finishing coat.

[1] A. J. Zattera, O. Bianchi, M. Zeni And C. A. Ferreira, Caracterização De Resíduos De Copolímeros De Etileno-Acetato De Vinila – E. V. A. Polímeros [Online], São Carlos, V.15, N.1, P. 73-78, Jan./Mar. 2005.
[2] L. A. Andrade And R. Medeiros, Reuse Of E. V. A. Rejection To Produce Useful Plates In Building. Revista Científica Indexada Linkania Master, Year 2. N. 03 P. 1-13, 2012.
[3] Z. A. Anis Sakinah, C. T. Ratnam, A. Luqman Chuah And T. C. S. Yaw, Effect Of Mixing Conditions On The Tensile Properties Of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Waste Tire Dust (Eva/Wtd) Blend. Polymer-Plastics Technology And Engineering. November 2009.
[4] M. M. Paradinha, F. T. G. Dias, C. H. Wanke, J. C. L. Novello, E. C. Tondo, J. N. Martins And O. Bianchi, Preparation And Characterization Of The Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Partially Hydrolyzed Assisted By Microwave Radiation. Journal Of Applied Polymer Science – 2016.
[5] A. C. S. Valentim, M. I. B. Tavares, And E. O. D. Silva. The Effect Of The Nb2o5 Dispersion On Ethylene Vinyl Acetate To Obtain Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Nb2o5. Journal Of Nanoscience And Nanotechnology – 2013.

Abstract: Flows in open channels are turbulent and velocity measurements should be done at high frequency to overcome the problem like formation of small eddies and the process of viscous dissipation. The acoustic Doppler velocimetry(ADV) is so designed that it can record the instantaneous velocity components at a single-point with comparatively high frequency. Here, in this study, two ADV instruments i.e. Flow Tracker ADV, MicroADV are analyzed. The objective of the research is to find out the efficiency and limitations of ADV instruments in flow measurement. In this work using Flow Tracker ADV, velocity data at different sections of a canal were recorded and simultaneously.............

[1]. Brown, R. Chanson, H. (2013). "Turbulence and Suspended Sediment Measurements in an Urban Environment during the Brisbane River Flood of January 2011." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 139, No. 2, pp. 244-252 (DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE) HY.1943-7900.0000666) (ISSN 0733-9429).
[2]. Chanson. H, Trevethan, M, Aoki, S. "Acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) in small estuary: Field experience and signal post-processing", Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Elsevier, 19(2008)307-313
[3]. Fugate, D.C., Friedrichs, C.T., 2002. "Determining concentration and fall velocity of estuarine particle populations using ADV, OBS and LISST" Continental Shelf Research 22, 1867–1886.
[4]. Goring, DG. Nikora, VI. "Despiking acoustic Doppler velocimeter data. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering" American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2002; 128(1):117–26. Discussion. Vol. 129, No. 6, pp. 484-89.
[5]. Islam, M.R., Zhu, D.Z. "Kernel Density–Based Algorithm for DespikingADV Data" Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE / July (2013) 139:785-793, DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)HY 1943-7900.0000734..

Abstract: Concrete Permeability may be the most relevant property affecting its durability, especially under exposure to aggressive environment, as a permeability is an aspect of concrete performance that must be specified, designed for an monitored in the production of concrete. To determine the chloride permeability of concrete, many engineers have increasingly been using AASHTO T277, "Rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete". The main objective of this study is been to evaluate the permeability of concrete with phosphogypsum as admixture by using the "Rapid chloride chloride ion permeability teat(RCPT)" with all specifications confirming..........

Keywords: chloride, Permeability, phosphogypsum.

[1] Atkins, H. N., "Highway Materials, Soils, and Concretes", 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, pp.277-330(2003).
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[3] Chang, E.H., "Shear and Bond Behaviour of Reinforced Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete Beams", PhD Thesis, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, 2009
[4] Cheema, D.S., Lloyd, N.A., Rangan, B.V., "Durability of Geopolymer Concrete Box Culverts- A Green Alternative", Proceedings of the 34th Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures, Singapore, 2009.
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