iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2016

Abstract: In terms of the importance of coastal zones, some previous research tried to reduce wave energy attacking the shoreline. This paper presents a special coastal protection measure which is perforated piles, evenly distributed and staggered, breakwaters and experimentally investigates piles breakwaters capability of energy dissipation. Physical models of perforated piles breakwater were designed and constructed. Experimental flume was arranged to test these models and measuring devices were arranged. Contributing parameters such as wave height, period, steepness, piles arrangements and pile diameter were varied. Based on the discussions and within the experimented range of parameters, it was clear that perforated piles possess an enormous capability of dissipating the wave energy by a percentage ranged between 15 to 55% which is considered to be significant amount from the coastal engineering point of view.

[1]. Rao, N. B. S., Sathyanarayana, V. S. (1999). Laboratory Investigation on Wave Transmission through Two Rows of Perforated Hollow Piles. Ocean Eng. vol 26, pp. 675-699.
[2]. Thomson, G. G. (2000) Wave Transmission through Multi-layered Wave Screens. Master Dissertation, Dept. of Civil Eng., Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
[3]. Neelamani, S., and Rajendran, R. (2002) "Wave interaction with T-type
[4]. breakwaters" Ocean Engineering, Vol. 29, Iss.( 2).
[5]. Norzana ,A and Faridah ,S.(2010) the use of perforated pile breakwaters to attenuate waves, Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol 22 Iss (1), pp.152-170..

Abstract: Soil stabilization is the alteration of soil properties to improve the engineering performance of soils. The properties most often altered are density, water content, plasticity and strength. Modification of soil properties is the temporary enhancement of subgrade stability to expedite construction. In developing country like India, due to industrial development there is an increase in a demand for energy which has resulted in construction of considerable coal-burning power plants.

Keywords: Atterberg limit, by-product, coal-burning power plants, dry density, disposal.

[1] IYER R. THE SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF LEACHING COAL FLY ASH. HAZARD MATERIAL. B93, 321, 2002.
[2] Determination of liquid limit and plastic limit. Indian standard methods for testing of soils-IS2720 (a) Indian standard Institution, New Delhi, India, part 5, pp 109-144,1985.
[3] Dmitri's dermatas Xiaoguang Meng. Utilization of fly ash for Stabilization/Solidification of heavy metal Contaminated soils, Eng. Geology., 70, 2003, PP377-394.
[4] N.S.Pandian, K.C. Krishna and B.Leelavathamma, Effect of Fly Ash on the CBR Behavior of soils, IndianGeotechnical Conference, Allahabad, Vol.1, 2002, pp.183-186.
[5] S.M.Mahajan, associate prof., Babasaheb naik college of Engineering Pusad, (Ms.) India, International journal of modern trends in engineering and research...

Abstract: With an accelerated pace of growth in India, there would be a tremendous increase in the residential requirements of developing India, thereby putting pressure on residential electricity demand. This paper studies the life cycle operational energy requirements of an existing low rise multistoried apartment in composite climate zone in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India based on the orientation of individual apartments in a block. Design adaptability to orientation change was modeled using EnEff.ResBuild India, Toolkit for energy efficient residential buildings in India, software to assess the energy needs of the said building as a whole and the current building energy efficiency standards to measure the potential savings offered based on the existing............

Keywords: Consumption of Electricity, EnEff.ResBuild India, Operating Energy, Orientation

[1]. UNEP (2009). Background paper for sustainable buildings & construction for India: policies, practices and performance, Delhi sustainable development summit, New Delhi. http://www.teriin.org/eventdocs/files/sus_bldg_paper_1342567768.pdf. Last accessed 30.06.2016:9 PM.
[2]. Central Statistics Office, NSO, MOSPI GOI (2015). Energy Statistics 2015, http:// mospi.nic.in/ Mospi_ New/ upload/ Energy_ stats_ 2015_26mar15.pdf. Last accessed 30.06.2016:9 PM.
[3]. Kumar, S. (2010). Energy use in comercial buildings – key findings from the national benchmarking study. USAID ECO - III Project, (2011). USAID – India.
[4]. Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi. India Energy Security Scenario, 2047. http://iess2047.gov.in/ Last accessed 30.06.2016:9 PM.
[5]. Talakonukula, R, Ravi P, Karunesh S. K. (2013). Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Multifamily Residential House: A Case Study in Indian Context, Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, Vol 2, 34-41..

Abstract: The behavior of reinforced concrete slab exposed to fire was presented. Two stages of analysis were carried out, in the first step(group A), the fire duration was variable and ranged between one to three hours while, the concrete cover were fixed and equal to 25mm. In the next step(group B), the concrete cover was variable from 30 mm to 35mm and 40mm while the fire duration was constant at 4 hours. The responses of structure depend on the thickness of concrete cover and fire duration. The RC slabs were modeled to show the effect of slab thickness, and different fire duration...........

[1]. JEREMY CHANG, ANDREW H. BUCHANAN, RAJESH P. DHAKAL and PETER J." HOLLOWCORE CONCRETE SLABS EXPOSED TO FIRE" Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, NewZealand
[2]. Mr. C Sangluaia, Mr. M K Haridharan, Dr. C Natarajan3and Dr. A. Rajaraman4 "Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Slab Subjected To Fire"International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 3 Issue. 1
[3]. Kai Qian., A. M. ASCE and Bing, " Strengthening and retrofitting of RC flat slabs to mitigate progressive collapse by externally bonded CFRP laminates. " Journal of composites for construction (ASCE), Volume,.17, NO, 4 (2013).
[4]. Islam, AKM. A. " Effective Methods of using CFRP Bars in Shear Strengthening of Concrete Girders ". Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Volume,. 31, No. 3, , Pages (709-714)., (2009).
[5]. Dias, S.J.E., and J.O.A. Barros." Performance of reinforced concrete T beams strengthened in shear with NSM CFRP laminates ". Engineering Structures, Volume,32, Issue,2, Pages (373-384), (2010).

Abstract: The properties of concrete in fresh and strengthened state were studied, while utilizing Biodiesel, Ethanol amine and blend of ethanol amine and biodiesel. The various properties of concrete were studied, through which we concluded the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors utilized (on steel).The principle part of these experiments is to get an efficient and compelling concrete inhibitor, which can inhibit corrosion. Corrosion is characterized as "The chemical reaction or action between a material, usually a metal, and its surroundings that produces deterioration of material (metal) and its properties". The outcomes we got, uncovers that ethanol amine acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor. The outcome indicates 63.41 % reduction in corrosion after 90 days of exposure in 3.5% NaCl solution without significantly changing the concrete's strength

Keywords: Concrete, Inhibitor, Anodic, Cathodic etc.

[1] Durability of reinforcement composites is a noteworthy region of research concerns. Little headway has been made in the present examination, which manages the adequacy and the productivity of Ethanol Amine, Biodiesel and blend of Ethanol Amine and Biodiesel. Examinations should be possible with expansion in the dose of Ethanol Amine and by expanding in the rate of NaCl arrangement by utilizing mixed concrete. Examinations should likewise be possible by utilizing distinctive inhibitors.
[2] CIP 25- corrosion of steel in concrete. Technical information prepared by NRMCA (National Ready Mixed Concrete Association).
[3] Hamada, H., Mohammad, T. U. & Otsuki, N. (2003). "Corrosion of steel bars in cracked Concrete under Marine Environment' ASCE, Journal of Material in Civil Engineering. Volume 15, No. 5, Pages 460-469. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:5(460)
[4] Khan, M. S. (1991). "Corrosion state of reinforcing steel in concrete at early ages". ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 88. No. 1. Pages 37-40. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2347
[5] Al-Gahtani, A. S., Hussain, S. E. and Rasheeduzzafar. (1996). "Chloride threshold for corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. ACI Materials Journal. Pages 534-538 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/9857

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore and investigate the usefulness of filament wound struts in construction field and roof structures. The present study focuses on the effect of winding angle of strut made of filament wound glass epoxy with both ends hinged condition. To obtain the best helix angle Euler's critical load equations and mathematical techniques and finite element analysis have been incorporated in order to verify the simulation results of our experiments. The design of struts made with glass fiber reinforced polymers is essential in respect of its functional and structural load bearing behaviour for internal pressure containers with excellent cost and weight effective. The outcome of our study will be handy reference for designing light weight engineering structures.

Keywords: Composite Struts, Euler's critical load, finite element analysis, ansys.

[1] Ekaterina Deminouchko&Jinbo Bai- "Stress state analyses of a ±550 filament –wound composite tube with damage effect"-PII: S0263-8223(96)00024- X
[2] A.E.Antoniou, D.Van hemelrijck, T.P.Philippidis-"failure prediction for a glass/epoxy cruciform specimen under static biaxial loading"-composites and technology 70(2010)1232-1241.
[3] Chul-Jin Moon, In-Hoon kim, Bae-Hyeon Choi, Jin-Hwe Kweon, Jin-Ho choi- "Buckling of filament-wound composite cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pressure or underwater vehicle application"- Composite structures 92 (2010) 2241-2251.
[4] Huseyin Arikan-"Failure analysis of (±550) filament wound composite pipes with an inclined surface crack under static internal pressure"- Composite structures 92 (2010) 182-187.
[5] M. Torres Arellano, L. Crouzeix, B. Douchin, F. Collombet, H. Hernandez Moreno, J. Gonzalez Velazquez-" Strain field measurement of filament-wound composites at ±550 using digital image correlation: An approach for unit cells employing flat specimens"- Composite Structures 92 (2010) 2457-2464.

Abstract: In the present research, we have employed biodiesel & calcium palmitate, as an inhibitor to corrosion on steel structures while inspected their effects as an inhibitor. The main reason behind the selection of these two materials is to have sustainable and eco-friendly construction. Biodiesel is a renewable source, obtained from vegetable oil and calcium palmitate acts as an eco-friendly inhibitor. The impact of both on various important properties i.e. consistency, setting times, the compressive strength of cement and concrete & soundness was also investigated...........

Keywords: Biodiesel, Inhibitor, Corrosion, Calcium Palmitate, Concrete, Efficiency etc.

[1]. Hamada, H., Mohammad, T. U. & Otsuki, N. "Corrosion of steel bars in cracked Concrete under Marine Environment' ASCE, Journal of Material in Civil Engineering. 2003. Volume 15, No. 5, Pages 460-469. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:5(460)
[2]. Al-Gahtani, A. S., Hussain, S. E. and Rasheeduzzafar. "Chloride threshold for corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. ACI Materials Journal. 1996. Pages 534-538 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/9857
[3]. Emmons, P. H. & Vaysburd, A. M. "Corrosion inhibitors and other protective systems in concrete repairs; concepts or misconcepts". Elsevier publications. Cement & Concrete Composites. 2004. Vol. 26. Pages 255-263. DOI:10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00044-1
[4]. Khan, M. S. "Corrosion state of reinforcing steel in concrete at early ages". ACI Materials Journal, 1991. Vol. 88. No. 1. Pages 37-40. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2347
[5]. Kumar, V., Quraishi, M. A., Singh, B. N. & Singh, S. K. "Calcium Palmitate: A Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel in Concrete Environment". JMES. 2012. Pages 1001-1008.

Abstract: Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) requires a sound and efficient system to face the current challenge of wastewater disposal in Malaysia. To comply with the discharge standard regulation, environmental protection and economic viability, several treatment technologies have been used. However, treatment of POME by coagulation-flocculation within a short period of time without involving a vast area of land was found as the most suitable, popular and cost-effective solution to negative environmental impacts as a result of untreated POME discharged to the environment. However...........

Keywords: Coagulation, Chemical coagulants, Flocculation, Natural coagulants, Palm oil mill effluent.

[1]. A. L. Ahmad, C.Y. Chan, Sustainability of Palm Oil Industries: An Innovative Treatment via Membrane Technology. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2009. 1-6.
[2]. H. I. Ali, D. Irvan, Mohd, N. A. and F. D. Arezoo, Comparative Study on Characterization of Malaysian Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, Vol. 2(12), 2012.
[3]. P. Chantaraporn, M. Juntipa, I. Kanita, N. Boonyarit. Pretreatment of palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation and coagulation. Science Asia(36) 2010, 142–149.
[4]. T. Y. Wu, A. W. Mohammad, J. M. Jahim, N. Anuar. A holistic approach to managing palm oil mill effluent (POME): Biotechnological advances in the sustainable reuse of POME. Biotechnol. Adv. (27), 2009, 40–52.
[5]. F. Y. Ng, F. K. Yew, Y, Basiron and K Sundram, A renewable future driven with Malaysian palm oil-based green technology. J. Oil Palm Environ. (2), 2011,1-7.