iosr-JMCE   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – Jun. 2022

Abstract: There is a rapid increase in the pollution level as the global demand for fossil fuels increases. Burning fossil fuels leads to the release of greenhouse gas and other toxic pollutants into the environment, and that level has reached the limit. For the last few decades, scientists worldwide have been looking for a safe, eco-friendly alternative energy source. One of the prime alternative forms of energy is green bio diesel, the bio-fuels such as alcohols and biodiesel have been proposed as alternatives to Internal Combustion Engine diesel fuel because of their bio degradability and non-toxicity. These fuels have received wide attention because they significantly reduce exhaust.........

Keywords: Bio diesel, transesterification, performance parameter, Chicken waste oil.

[1]. Nagaraj kinnal, G. Sujay Kumar, steevan W.D costa "investigation on performance of diesel engine by using waste chicken fat biodiesel". IOP conf: materials science and engineering 376 (2018) 012012.
[2]. Karthik, Shramit naik, Ganesh, Dhan wish, Prathwin raj "extraction of biodiesel from chicken waste and performance of biodiesel in i.c engine". IJASET Vol-6 Issue-2
[3]. Girish Kumar G S "investigation on performance of diesel engine by using waste chicken fat biodiesel". IOP conf: materials science and engineering 376 (2018) 012012.
[4]. MetinGuru, AtillaKoca, Ozer Can, Can Cmar,FatihSahin "Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat based source and evaluation with Mg based additive in a diesel engine" science direct, 1 October 2009, renewable energy 35 (2010)637-643.
[5]. Rakopoulos DC, Rakopoulos CD, Kakaras EC, Giakoumis EG "Effects of ethanol-diesel fuel blends on the performance and exhaust emissions of heavy-duty DI diesel engine". Energy Convers Manage 2008; 49:3155-62

Abstract: Due to earthquake major losses can occurred it may give damages to structure and in worst Case it may collapse. For avoiding this damage of structure, bracings are provided to high rise buildings to provide strength and also for resist lateral load imposed by earthquake and wind. Bracing system is installed between column members to resist the lateral load. Bracing system is easy to installed, economical and occupies less space. Bracing system is provided for stiffness, strength and energy dissipation to resist the lateral load. Structural system development has evolved continuously to overcome the problems related to lateral stability and sway, there are many ways developed and......

Keywords: Multi-stories building, Bracing System, lateral stability, sway, Nodal displacement, Base shear, Base moment, Axial Force and Bending Moment.

[1]. Review Paper on Seismic Behaviour of RC Frame Structure With Different Types of Bracing System, 1Kartik prashar , 2Jagdeep Singh Gahir International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET), ISSN: 2395-1303, Page 1035-41, Volume 4 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2018
[2]. Comparison study of RC structure with different arrangement of rcc bracing system, Mr. Mehul M. Kanthariya 1 Haresh P. Vaghasiya 2 , Harsh C. Vagadiya 3 Chirag R. Akoliya 4, Mitesh H. Patel5, International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)Volume 3, Issue 2, February -2016, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
[3]. Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Building with Different Arrangement of Concrete and Steel Bracing system Prof. Bhosle Ashwini Tanaji, Prof. Shaikh A. N. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 5 Ver. V (Sep. - Oct. 2015), PP 08-12
[4]. Behavior of moment resisting reinforced concrete concentric braced frames (rc-mrcbfs) in seismic zones E.A. Godínez-Domínguez, 1and A. Tena-Colunga2The 14thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China
[5]. "Strengthening of reinforced concrete and steel Structure by using steel bracing systems" Soundarya n. Gandhi1, y. P. Pawar2, dr. C. P. Pise3, s.s. kadam2, c. M. Deshmukh2, D. D. Mohite2 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | Sep -2017

Abstract: This study work has been conducted for estimation of longshore sediment transport and coastline evolution as well. Dedicated hydrodynamic model using MIKE 21 FM is developed, calibrated, and validated for studying nearshore hydrodynamic analysis and hydrodynamic result is used as input in LITDRIFT and LITLINE model. Dedicated wave model has been developed using MIKE 21 SW and the simulated wave climate has been used in LITDRIFT model and LITLINE model. Simulated hydrodynamics of coupled wave-tide model are used in LITDRIFT model to estimate the rate of longshore sediment transport. It is found that overall net sediment ......

Keywords:Longshore sediment transport
Coastline evolution
LITDRIFT model
LITLINE model
Coastal erosion

[1]. Appendini, C.M., Salles, P., Mendoza, E.T., and Lopez, J. (2012), "Longshore sediment transport on the Northern Coast of the Yucatan Peninsula", Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 28 (6), pp. 1404–1417.
[2]. Ariya, D.S., Kori, S., and Vaidya, A.M. (2013), "Simulation of shoreline changes along Muthalapozhy Harbour, India", 11th International Conference on Hydroinformatics.
[3]. Corbella, S. and Stretch, D. D. (2012), "Predicting coastal erosion trends using non-stationary statistics and process-based models", Coastal Engineering, Vol. 70, pp. 40-49.
[4]. DHI. (2017), Scientific document and user guide on Littoral Process FM, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Denmark.
[5]. DHI. (2017), Scientific document and user guide on MIKE 21 FM, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Denmark

Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings designed before the mid-1970s may have serious structural deficiencies and are considered substandard according to current seismic design criteria. Specifically, the failure of the beam-column joints has been the cause of building collapse in many recent earthquakes worldwide. This report evaluates the seismic performance of beam column joints with three different details of beam and beam-column joint reinforcement. So in the present work pushover analysis is being done using SAP 2000 for increasing moment capacity ratio at beam column joints and its effect on the global ductility and lateral strength of the structure is studied. This work shows that the comparison study of SMRF and OMRF .It carried out to observe thedifference in behaviour of buildings.

Keywords: Pushover analyasis , Capacity spectrum curves ,base shear, displacement,plastic hinge.

[1]. ACI 318-02 "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-02) and Commentary (ACI 318RM-02)", American Concrete Institute, ACI Committee 318, Farmington Hills, MI, 2002
[2]. Akshay V. Raut, RVRK Prasad Pushover Analysis
[3]. American Concrete Institute, ed. S.K. Ghosh, Detroit, MI Paulay, T., Park, R., and Priestley, M. J. N., "Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints Under Seismic Actions." ACI Journal, 1978, pp 585-593.
[4]. ASCE/SEI 41-06, (2017), "Seismic Rehabilitation of existing buildings (ASCE/SEI 41-06)". American society of Civil Engineers, Reston. VA. 2007,488.
[5]. Asokan, A., (2016) Modelling of Masonry Infill Walls for Nonlinear Static Analysis of Buildings under Seismic Loads. M. S. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai

Abstract: A study is carried out that use of fossil fuels is increasing which directly results into increasing pollution, so to decrease the use of fossil fuels, alternative fuel is the better option. LDPE pyrolysis oil can be used as an alternative fuel as the properties of LDPE and diesel are very close. LDPE oil is obtained from pyrolysis process. In this study the parameters that is % biodiesel, compression ratio, injection pressure and load are considered the variable for optimization. As these four parameters in the experiment needs optimization simultaneously, we have used Taguchi's method of optimization in this experiment........

Keywords: LDPE pyrolysis oil, Alternative fuel, Taguchi method, BTHE, SFC, FC.

[1]. Wahono, B., Ogai, H., Ogawa, M., Kusaka, J., & Suzuki, Y. (2012, December). Diesel engine optimization control methods for reduction of exhaust emission and fuel consumption. In 2012 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) (pp. 722-727). IEEE.
[2]. Devaraj, J., Robinson, Y., & Ganapathi, P. (2015). Experimental investigation of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of waste plastic pyrolysis oil blended with diethyl ether used as fuel for diesel engine. Energy, 85, 304-309.
[3]. Nileshkumar, K. D., Jani, R. J., Patel, T. M., & Rathod, G. P. (2015). Effect of blend ratio of plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel on the performance of single cylinder CI engine. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng, 1(11), 195-203.
[4]. Sharuddin, S. D. A., Abnisa, F., Daud, W. M. A. W., & Aroua, M. K. (2016). A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy conversion and management, 115, 308-326.
[5]. Kalargaris, I., Tian, G., & Gu, S. (2017). Combustion, performance and emission analysis of a DI diesel engine using plastic pyrolysis oil. Fuel Processing Technology, 157, 108-115.

Abstract: Increasing consumption of diesel fuel has raised concern over the depleting crude oil reserves. There arises the need for alternative fuel for the CI (compression-ignition) engine. Waste plastic disposal has also been a concern. Hence, many researchers studied waste plastic oil and found its properties to be suitable as diesel fuel for CI engines. The experimental setup consists of a four-stroke single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. The engine is connected with an eddy current dynamometer which is utilized to apply load on the engine. Several sensors are there in the engine to measure different parameters like load, temperature etc. Also, a calorimeter, tachometer, rotameter and stopwatch are utilized........

Keywords: Parametric Optimization, Diesel-PPO, PPO, Pyrolysis, RSM, RSM CCD

[1]. Poompipatpong, C., Kengpol, A., & Uthistham, T. (2014). The effects of diesel-waste plastic oil blends on engine performance characteristics. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 7(1), 37-45.
[2]. Nileshkumar, K. D., Jani, R. J., Patel, T. M., & Rathod, G. P. (2015). Effect of blend ratio of plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel on the performance of single cylinder CI engine. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng, 1(11), 195-203.
[3]. Kalargaris, I., Tian, G., & Gu, S. (2017). Combustion, performance and emission analysis of a DI diesel engine using plastic pyrolysis oil. Fuel Processing Technology, 157, 108-115.
[4]. Venkatesan, H., Sivamani, S., Bhutoria, K., & Vora, H. H. (2018). Experimental study on combustion and performance characteristics in a DI CI engine fuelled with blends of waste plastic oil. Alexandria engineering journal, 57(4), 2257-2263.
[5]. Vasava, M. A. N., Patel, K. B., & Patel, T. M. (2018). COMBINE EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE AND COMPRESSION RATIO ON PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE CYLINDER CI ENGINE USING DIESEL-WPO BLEND BY TAGUCHI'S DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT APPROACH. Development, 5(03).

Abstract: All the plastic waste and municipal waste of plastics can be used to produce waste plastic oil (WPO) and it can be used as an alternative fuel because waste plastic oil and diesel have mostly similar carbon chain characteristics and physical properties. LDPE is considered among the most dumped waste plastic. The most favorable way to transform this waste plastic into LDPE Oil is by pyrolysis process. In this study certain parameters such as % biodiesel, compression ratio, Injection Pressure and load are considered as the variables for optimization. Hence continuous optimization is required for these four parameters we have used Taguchi's Method of optimization........

Keywords: Waste Plastic Oil, LDPE, Plastic, Pyrolysis, Taguchi Method, Carbon Mono-oxide, NOX, HC

[1]. Singh, T. S., Rajak, U., Dasore, A., Muthukumar, M., & Verma, T. N. (2021). Performance and ecological parameters of a diesel engine fueled with diesel and plastic pyrolyzed oil (PPO) at variable working parameters. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 22, 101491.
[2]. Rajasekaran, S., Damodharan, D., Gopal, K., Kumar, B. R., & De Poures, M. V. (2020). Collective influence of 1-decanol addition, injection pressure and EGR on diesel engine characteristics fueled with diesel/LDPE oil blends. Fuel, 277, 118166.
[3]. Singh, R. K., Ruj, B., Sadhukhan, A. K., Gupta, P., & Tigga, V. P. (2020). Waste plastic to pyrolytic oil and its utilization in CI engine: Performance analysis and combustion characteristics. Fuel, 262, 116539.
[4]. Vasava, M. A. N., Patel, K. B., & Patel, T. M. (2018). COMBINE EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE AND COMPRESSION RATIO ON PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE CYLINDER CI ENGINE USING DIESEL-WPO BLEND BY TAGUCHI'S DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT APPROACH. Development, 5(03).
[5]. Wahono, B., Ogai, H., Ogawa, M., Kusaka, J., & Suzuki, Y. (2012, December). Diesel engine optimization control methods for reduction of exhaust emission and fuel consumption. In 2012 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) (pp. 722-727). IEEE.

Abstract: Increasing consumption of diesel fuel has raised concern over the depleting crude oil reserves. There arises the need for alternative fuel for the CI (compression ignition) engine. Waste plastic disposal has also been a concern. Hence, many researchers studied waste plastic oil and found its properties to be suitable as diesel fuel for CI engines. Various performance and emission-based research have been done. The experimental setup consists of a four-stroke single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. The engine is connected with an eddy current dynamometer which is utilized to apply load on the engine. Several sensors are there in the engine to measure different parameters like load......

Keywords: Parametric Optimization, Diesel-PPO, PPO, Pyrolysis, RSM, RSM CCD

[1]. Poompipatpong, C., Kengpol, A., & Uthistham, T. (2014). The effects of diesel-waste plastic oil blends on engine performance characteristics. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 7(1), 37-45.
[2]. Nileshkumar, K. D., Jani, R. J., Patel, T. M., & Rathod, G. P. (2015). Effect of blend ratio of plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel on the performance of single cylinder CI engine. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng, 1(11), 195-203.
[3]. Kalargaris, I., Tian, G., & Gu, S. (2017). Combustion, performance and emission analysis of a DI diesel engine using plastic pyrolysis oil. Fuel Processing Technology, 157, 108-115.
[4]. Venkatesan, H., Sivamani, S., Bhutoria, K., & Vora, H. H. (2018). Experimental study on combustion and performance characteristics in a DI CI engine fuelled with blends of waste plastic oil. Alexandria engineering journal, 57(4), 2257-2263.
[5]. Vasava, M. A. N., Patel, K. B., & Patel, T. M. (2018). COMBINE EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE AND COMPRESSION RATIO ON PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE CYLINDER CI ENGINE USING DIESEL-WPO BLEND BY TAGUCHI'S DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT APPROACH. Development, 5(03).

Abstract: Instructions: This form is provided to help you organize your thoughts about your invention. There's nothing "magic" about it. Do whatever you need to do in order to explain your invention in such a way as to be clear to one who is not familiar with it........

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