iosr-JMCE   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – Jun. 2022

Abstract: INTRODUCTION ON REDEVELOPMENT Redevelopment? Redevelopment method thrashing the Old Construction and altering the matching with Fresh Construction with new Proportions and Space. Old Building is demolished & new is Constructed Factors need to consider in redevelopment. Structure is to be accomplished whilst the Construction is greater than 30 years old. Structural Audit decides whether to go or not for Redevelopment.....

[1]. Akindayo, A. S. (2019) Municipal solid waste management and the inland water bodies: Nigerian Perspectives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84921
[2]. Blaza Stojanovic, Мilan Bukvic, Igor Epler (2018) Application of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys in Engineering, Applied Engineering Letters Vol.3, No.2, 52-62 (2018)
[3]. Chemingui M., khitouni M., Mesmacque G. and A.W. Kolsi (2009) Effect of heat treatment on plasticity of Al-Zn-Mg alloy: Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties, Physics Procedia 2 (2009) 1167–1174
[4]. Datau, S. G., Bawa, M. A., Jatau, J. S., Muhammad, M. H.; & Mohammed, I. Y. (2020):
[5]. Preparation and Characterization of Aluminum Ingot Recycled from Beverage Can Scraps, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Volume 17, Issue 2 Ser. I (Mar - Apr 2020), PP 23-32

Abstract: sustainable performance in the construction industry is a fundamental aspect in attaining the goal of sustainable development. A study was conducted by adopting the sustainability indicators (SIs) relevant of sustainability indicators must be applied during the conceptual stage (CS) and planning and design stage (DS) to achieve the sustainable performance. A questionnaire was designed to collected data to identify the most important SIs must be applied during CS and DS in Khartoum state to achieve the sustainable performance. The weights average was used to determine the most important SIs depend on the different five scales. The results shown that the economic sustainability indicators (CSIs) during CS are: the capital cost, and the social sustainability indicators (SSIs) during CS are: Health and safety of workers and people around project, project as an additional sector for the....

Keywords: Sustainability, Indicators, Conceptual, Design, Performance

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[2]. P. Bansal and M. DesJardine, "Business sustainability: It is about time.," Strategic Organization, vol. 12, no. 1, 2014.
[3]. Sánchez and M.A, "Integrating sustainability issues into project management," Journal of Cleaner Production, no. 96, 2015.
[4]. M. Gerd , A. Wiek, M. Pim and H. Heinrichs, Eds., Sustainability Science - An Introduction, (London: Springer Science, 2016).
[5]. S. Mahmoud, "The why, what, when and how of sustainability in the built environment," Khartoum, 2019.
[6]. K. Charles, "strategic site selection and development".

Abstract: As we, all know that bore wells are used to extract water from the earth. The earth is dug using a tool called BUTTON BITS. A button bit is a tool that blasts the rocks and breaks them into pieces, which are on their way during the drilling operation and make the operation easy. The material used for manufacturing the bits is EN 36 C. Especially this type of material is used because it possesses all the required qualities of the operation such as it gives a very hard surface and can be case hardened with a strong core and retaining a high degree of toughness to resist wear and tear while hitting the hard rock and penetration into the soil. The life of the bit is about 2000 feet and depending on the type of soil the life of the bit may vary. Depending upon the requirement different types of bits are used. Some of them are drifter bits, which are used for mining and blasting purposes, panther bits, and digger bits are used for water well drilling.

Keywords: Bits, Material Cutting, Annealing, Rough Turing, Finish Turing, Carburizing, Skin Cutting, Hardening, Tempering, Sand Blasting, Reaming, Buttons.

[1]. www.dthrotarydrilling.com
[2]. www.drillingrigsindia.com
[3]. R.Hamilton P.Makulsawatudum, & D. Mackenzie, "Stress concentration On Dth Button Bit", Journal of Strain Analysis, Vol 4, pp 415-421, 2009.25

Abstract: The maturity of the sprayer pumps available in the request are back- mounted, hand pumps that are used to spot fungicides. Fungicide spray pumps have to be pumped manually and also carried on the reverse for scattering in the fields. India is a land of husbandry that comprises small, borderline, medium, and rich growers. Small- scale growers are veritably interested in manually switch- operated backpack sprayers because of their versatility, cost, and design. But this sprayer has certain limitations like it cannot maintain the needed pressure; which leads to the problem of reverse pain. This paper suggests a model of a manually operated multi-nozzle fungicides sprayer pump which will perform scattering at a maximum rate in minimal time. We've designed a model running without any energy and is also easy to operate for a stoner. We try to develop a new mechanical system which will overcome all the below problems and it'll help growers.

Keywords: Toxin pump, Snoots, Slider coil medium, Cost-effective outfit, Medium growers, Wheel operated Trolley, Compression Chamber, Chain and Sprocket, Economic.

[1]. M.A. Miller,B.L. Steward,M.L. Westphalen goods ofmulti-mode four- wheel steering on sprayer Machine performance, American Society of Agricultural Engineers ISSN 0001- 2351
[2]. Bodke, Mahesh Gaikwad, Pratibha Patil, Karan Pawar,Prof. FirdosJ. Khan, Volume 5 Issue IV, April 2017, IJRASET, " Multipurpose Manually Operated Automatic Spraying and Toxin Throwing Machine "
[3]. Naik,R.K. 2018 Performance Evaluation of Manual Operated Single Wheel Weeder for Jute Crop, International Journal of Agricultural Engineering| Volume 11| Issue 1| April 2018| 49- 53
[4]. Ramirez V, Cuenca P( Micronuclei frequence in lymphocytes of individualities exposed to
[5]. Bolognesi C, Parrini M, Reggiardo F, BonassiS. Biomonitoring of workers exposed to

Abstract: This study uses the periodic surveys of the degradation of Guinea's paved roads from the country's Road Database. Processing the data from five representative sections shows that these structures suffer recurrent degradation, often located at the same places on the roads. These degradations are mainly manifested by deformations of the pavement, marked by collapses and pronounced ruts. Simulations with the Alize software show that the causes of these disorders are mainly related to problems of the evolutionary bearing capacity of the lateritic support soil between dry and wet periods. This parameter is apparently not yet well integrated into current methods of pavement design in tropical climates. This work can therefore be used to initiate new studies of the mechanical and dimensional behaviour of lateritic materials according to climatic cycles and of the improvements that can be made to them by treatments with hydraulic binders in particular.

Keywords: laterites, pavements, diagnosis, degradation, dimensioning.

[1]. [Akpan and Edet, 2005] O. Akpan, A. Edet, Relationship between road pavement failures, engineering indices and underlying geology in a tropical environment, Global Journal of Geological Sciences, 3, 2, 99-108, 2005
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[3]. [Alize-LCPC, 2018] Remaud D., Roure P., Blanc J. Piau J-M., Logiciel Alisé-LCPC, Analyse et dimensionnement des structures de chaussées, Revue Générale des Routes et de l'Aménagement, 258, 50-59, 2018, in french
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Abstract: Fuel cells are the devices converting chemical energy of various compounds to electrical energy, a more usable form of energy. Many researchers have been working on the fuel cells technology to get the energy efficiently with bulk quantity. The most important properties required for an ideal PEM can, therefore, be outlined as electrically insulating, good proton conductivity, and impermeable to gases and/or fuel to prevent gas/fuel crossover. Methane Fuel cell, Graphite oxide fuel cells and the metal oxide fuel cells are the recent research fields, the advancements in these will be discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Fuel cells; Fuel cell performance; Methane fuel cell; Grphite oxide fuel cells.

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