iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: Introduction: Traditional open surgeries are now being done by minimally invasive keyhole laparoscopic techniques. Simultaneously, airway management of patients has also progressed from ventilation through endotracheal tube to lesser invasive Laryngeal Mask Airway. The Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway, the latest in the family of Laryngeal Mask Airway, differs from the standard Laryngeal Mask Airway in having a drain tube in addition to a reinforced airway tube. It is a highly satisfactory device in securing an airway, it's lacunae with positive pressure ventilation (PPV), especially in patients with decreased pulmonary compliance prompted him further to find a better airway device.It also offered protection against regurgitation and gastric insufflation.............

Keywords: Minimally invasive Keyhole laparoscopic techniques, Proseal laryngeal mask Airway , General anaesthesia.

[1] Misra MN, Ramamurthy B. The Pro-Seal LMAtm and the tracheal tube: A comparison of events at insertion of the airway device.
Internet J Anesthesiol. 2008;Vol. 16.
[2] P.P. Shroff, S.K Kamath. Randomized Comparative Study Between The Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway And The Endotracheal
Tube For Laparoscopic Surgery. The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2006; Volume 11 Number 1.DOI:10.5580/e8e.
[3] Namita Saraswat, Aditya Kumar, Abhijeet Mishra, Amrita Gupta, Gyan Saurabh, and Uma Srivastava ;The comparison of Proseal
laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia, Indian J
Anaesth. 2011 Mar-Apr; 55(2): 129–134.
[4] Arfat Waheed, MD, Abdul Hameed, MD, et all In: ProSeal laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube in elderly hypertensive
patients undergoing routine surgical procedures: A comparison of hemodynamic parameters., Journal of Clinical Gerontology and
Geriatrics sept.2013 Volume 4, Issue 3 , Pages 80-83.
[5] Bimla Sharma et al Efficacy and Safety Performance of ProsealTM Laryngeal Mask Airway in Laparoscopic Surgery: Experience
of 1000 Cases. The Indian Journal of Anesthesiol

Abstract: According to WHO over 1 billion people are associated with tobacco smoking and it accounts for approximately 4 – 5 million deaths a year worldwide which is estimated to increase to 10 million by 2030. Tobacco is a known causative agent in numerous cancers one of the major being oral cancer. Buccal mucosal cells are easily accessible and their response to the carcinogenic substances in cigarette can be studied easily for risk assessment with the help of a biomarker. Biomarker is a measurable DNA and RNA characteristic that can help study biologic and pathologic damage. Micronucleus count is a potentially useful candidate for such a biomarker. Micronuclei are fragments or whole chromosomes which did not reach spindle poles during mitosis and remain encapsulated at telophase in a separate nucleus..........

Keywords:- Micronuclei, Buccal smear, smokers

[1]. Michele Cardoso Sousa , Monica Ghislaine oliveria Alves , Albino Souza et al. Correlation of clinical , cytological and histological
findins on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology letters 2014; 8(2):799-802.
[2]. Proia NK , Paszkiewiez GM , Nasca MA et al. Smoking ans smokeless tobacco-associated human buccal cell mutations and their
association with oral cancer: Areview. Cancer epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1061-77.
[3]. Vineis P, Alavanja M, Buffler P et al. tobacco and cancer:recent Epidemiological evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96:99-106.
[4]. Crispino CC, fernandes KG , Kamogava MY et al.Multivariate classification of cigarettes according to their elemental content
determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.Anal Sci 2007;23(4):435-8.
[5]. Tolbert PE, shy CM , Allen JW. Micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in buccal smears: methods development. Mutat Res 1992;
27(1):69-77.

Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is most prevalent chronic rheumatic disease, a leading cause of pain and disability in most countries. The comprehensive use of naturopathy including hot mud and mustard are common. Mustard application lacks scientific evidence while mud is established for treatment of OA. Hence present study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of hot mud and mustard applications to knee in patients with OA. Material and methodology: Sixty subjects were randomly assigned to either group 1 (hot mud application) or group 2 (mustard application). Subjects received interventions along with naturopathy treatments for ten days with assessments at baseline and post intervention. Assessment tools were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Secondary Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), Measurement of range of motion knee by goniometry, and Short form-36 (SF-36)............

Keywords: Hot mud application, Mustard application, OA knee, Range of motion, Womac.

[1] Hunter DJ, Arden N, Conaghan PG, Eckstein F, Gold G, Grainger A, et al, Definition of osteoarthritis on MRI: results of a Delphi
exercise. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,19, 2011, 963-969.
[2] Marijnissen AC, Vincken KL, Vos PA, Saris DB, Viergever MA, Bijlsma JW, et al, Knee Images Digital Analysis (KIDA): a novel
method to quantify individual radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis in detail, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 16, 2008, 234-243.
[3] A Mahajan, S Verma, V Tandon, et al, Osteoarthritis, Post Graduate Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Department of
Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Government Medical College, Jammu Received, 6.2.2005; Revised, 4.3.2005, Re-revised,
1.6.2005, Accepted, 3.6.2005, JULY, 53, 2005.
[4] Brooks PM, et al, Rheumatology, Medical Journal of Australia, 1998, 8-45.
[5] Murray CJL, Lopez AD, Eds, et al, The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of the mortality and disability from
diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to Boston: Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health
Organization, and the World Bank, 1996

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Thyroid surgeries comprise one of the more commonly performed procedures by a general surgeon. Today most of the complications of thyroid surgery are related to either metabolic derangements or injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Other complications include superior laryngeal nerve injury, infection, airway compromise, and bleeding. This study intends to examine the incidence, natural history and the factors contributing to the various complications following thyroidectomy and the effect of timely and prompt recognition and intervention in minimizing morbidity..............

Keywords: Thyroidectomy; postoperative complications; hypocalcaemia; RLN injury.

[1] Halstead WS. The operative story of goiter. John Hopkin Hos Rep1920; 19:71-257.
[2] Bhattacharya N, Fried MP. Assessment of the morbidity and complications of total thyroidectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128(4):389-92.
[3] Zarnegar R, Brunard L, Clark OH. Prevention, evaluation and management of complications following thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. EndocrinolMetabClin North Am 2004;32(2):483-502.
[4] Pradeep PV, Agarwal A, Baxi M, Agarwal G, Gupta SK, Mishra SK. Safety and efficacy of surgical management of

[5] Ozbas S, Kocak S, Aydintug S, Cakmak A, Demirkiran MA, Wishart GC. Comparison of the complications of subtotal, near total and total thyroidectomy in the surgical management of multinodulargoitre. Endocrine J Apr 2005;52(2):199-205..

Abstract: Intestinal obstruction is significant mechanical impairment or complete arrest of the passage of contents through the intestine. Symptoms include cramping pain, vomiting, obstipation, and lack of flatus. Diagnosis is clinical, confirmed by abdominal x-rays. Treatment is fluid resuscitation, nasogastric suction, and, in most cases of complete obstruction, surgery. We report a case of a 4 day old neonate with intestinal obstruction resulting in transient tachypnea and recurrent apnea.

Keywords: Abominal distension, Transient tachypnea, apnea, Hyperkalemia, Hypothermia.

[1]. Stringer MD. Principles of paediatric surgery. In: Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O'Connell PR, eds. Bailey and Love's Short practice of Surgery. 25th ed. London, Hodder Arnold; 2008:71-89

[2]. Soomro BA, Kella N, Memon GA, Siddiqui MA. Pattern of intestinal obstruction in infants and children. Pak J Med Sci. 2011;27(5):1009-13
[3]. Mahmood K, Ahmed S, Ali L, Hameed S. Pattern of intestinal obstruction in Children A review of 200 consecutive cases. Ann Punjab Med Coll. 2000;4:5-

[4]. Ted Rosenkrantz, MD,Intestinal obstruction in the newborn.Available from www.medscape.com/article/2066380.Updated 17-03-2016

[5]. Karande, T., Oak, S.N., Trivedi, A., Karmarkar, S., Kulkarni, B., Kalgutkar, A. Proximal jejunal obstruction due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. J Postgrad Med. 1996;42:121–12

Abstract: Microbes are the most significant life forms sharing this planet with humans because of their pervasive presence.1 It is estimated that microbes contain 50% of biological carbon and 90% of the biological nitrogen on Earth. In terms of sheer number and mass, microbes greatly exceed every other group of organisms on this planet.2 There are thousands of different types of microbes that live on and around us, and hundreds that can cause serious human diseases.3 Human beings, like other animals, harbor a wide array of microorganisms both on and in their bodies.4 It has been estimated that humans have approximately 1013 cells in their body and about 1014 bacteria are associated with them.5..........

[1]. Parija SC. Textbook of Microbiology. 2nd ed. 619 p.
[2]. Willey, Sherwood, Woolverton. Microbiology. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill; 1 p.
[3]. Murray, Rosenthal, Pfaller. Medical Microbiology. 1st ed. Elsevier Mosby; 1 p.
[4]. R Ananthanarayan Paniker CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 9th Editio. Arti Kapil, editor. Chennai: Universities Press; 2013.
[5]. Parija SC. Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 3 p.
[6]. Koneman E. Colour atlas & Textbook of diagnostic Microbiology. 5th ed. Kosby; 2 p.

Abstract: Care givers of Mentally retarded children experience stress in myriad ways. Their coping styles and awareness influence the outcome of the families' ability to deal with it. This study conducted at Maharajah's Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, India examined the Stress and Coping styles of Care givers of the children who were identified as Mentally Retarded in the Sadarem camp of Outpatient Department of Psychiatry. Out of 73 MR children found to meet the criteria of the study 14 were classified as Mild MR, 5 were Moderate MR, 22 were Severe MR and 32 Profound MR. FISC – MR a tool developed at NIMHANS Bengaluru was used to assess Stress and Coping styles in Care givers. Statistical analysis found highly significant correlation of amount of Stress with degree of Coping (p<0.0001). In the face of increasing stress they drew upon better coping styles!.......

Keywords: Mental Retardation, MR, Stress in families, Coping styles, Care givers.

[1]. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disablities: Mental Retardation: definition, Classification, and Systems/ Supports. Washington DC : 2002 [2]. Majumdar M, Da Silva Pereira Y, Fernandes J. Stress and anxiety in parents of mentally retarded children. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;47(3):144-147. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.55937.
[3]. Beckman, P. J. (1983). Influence of selected child characteristics on stress in families of handicapped infants. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, Vol. No. 2, 88, 150–6.
[4]. Beckman, P.J. (1991). Comparison of mother‟s and father‟s perceptions of the effect of young children with and without disabilities .American Journal of Mental Retardation, Vol. 95, No.5, 585 – 595.
[5]. Beckman-Bell, P.J. (1981). Child related stress in families of handicapped children. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 1, 45-53.

Abstract: The fracture of an instrument is a recognized complication in endodontics.Several factors must, however be taken into account to evaluate the prognosis of the tooth in this situation. The objective of the endodontic treatment with (or) without a fractured instrument remains the same, namely to disinfect the root canal and prevent its recontamination. The time at which file fracture occurred during treatment and the degree of canal infection must be considered when determining the potential effect on treatment outcome. Patient should be informed about an instrument fracturing in the tooth for ethical and legal reasons........

Keywords:....

[1]. Torabinejad M,Lemon RR, Procedural accidents.In:Walton R, Torabinejad M,eds.Principles and practice of endodontics. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Company,2002:310-330
[2]. Parashos P, Messer HH, Rotary NiTi instrument fracture and its consequences. J Endod 2006;32:1031-1043
[3]. Ankrum MT, Hartwell GR, Truitt JE, K3 Endo,ProTaper,and Profile systems:breakage and distortion in severely curved roots of molars.J Endod 2004;30:234-7
[4]. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F.Ultrasonics in endodontics: A review of the literature.J Endod 2007;33:81-95
[5]. Ruddle CJ.Broken instrument removal.The endodontic challenge.Dent Today 2002;21:70-72,74,76 passim.

Abstract: Background: Globally, child marriage (CM) is defined as marriage before the age of 18 years which applies to both boys and girls (1).However in India, as per 'Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006', a marriage is legally considered as CM when girl is less than 18 years old or boy is less than21 years old.(2) In 2007, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) reported that a girl under the age of15 is five times more likely to die during pregnancy and childbirth than a woman in her 20s(3) Most importantly, early marriage bereaves young girls of their childhood by overburdening them with domestic responsibility, motherhood, and sexual relations rather than allowing them to play with friends, go to school, and dream about a career (4).......

Keywords: Children, Marriage, negative consequences

[1]. (UNICEF. Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58008.Html [Last accessed on 2014 Aug 21].)
[2]. (Government of India. Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. The Gazette of India. Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of
India. Available from: http://wcd.nic.in/cma2006. Pdf [Last accessed on 2013 May 23].)
[3]. (UNICEF. The State of the World's Children 2007: Women and Children, the Double Dividend of Gender Equality. Available
from: http://www.unicef.org/sowc07/docs/sowc07.pdf[Last accessed on 2014 Aug 21].)
[4]. Pandya YP, Bhandari DJ. An epidemiological study of child marriages in a rural community of Gujarat. Indian J Community Med
2015; 40:246-51.]5. Mathur, S., M. Greene, and A. Malhotra. Too Young to Wed: The Lives, Rights, and Health of Young Married
Girls. Washington. DC: International Center for Research on Women. 2003.
[5]. Sgade 2005

Abstract: Aim: To compare of the efficacy and safety of prophylactic bolus doses of intravenous Phenylephrine, Ephedrine, and Mephentermine for maintenance of arterial pressure during spinal anesthesia in caesarean section and their effects on neonate. Settings and Design: The present Prospective Randomized study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 90 pregnant women posted for elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups. Group P (phenylephrine) Group E (ephedrine) Group M (mephentermine) with 30 patients in each group........

Keywords: phenylephrine, ephedrine, mephentermine, hypotension, spinal anesthesia, caesarean section.

[1]. Lee A, Warwick D, Kee N, Gin T. Trails of ephedrine versus phenylephrine for the management of hypotension during spinal
anaesthesia for caesarean section. Anaesth Analg 2002; 94:920-6.
[2]. Balki M, Carvalho JC. Intraoperative nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under regional anesthesia. Int J Obstet Anesth
2005; 14:230-41.
[3]. Cyna AM, Andrew M, Emmett RS, Middleton P, and Simmons SW. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal
anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 4:CD002251.
[4]. Prakash S, Pramanik V, Chellani H, Salhan S, Gogia AR. Maternal and neonatal effects of bolus administration of ephedrine and
phenylephrine during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: A randomized study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2010; 19:24-30.
[5]. Loubert C. Fluid and vasopressor management for Cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: continuing professional development.
Can J Anaesth 2012; 59: 604–19

Abstract: Background: Since from many culture and long ago maternal position during labour is debated and criticized. In present era the suitable maternal position during labour and childbirth, still a matter of debate and to be standardised because , in today's standards laboring women are confined to supine-lithotomy position. ,but it results in the narrowest pelvic opening and places pressure on coccyx. while patients in case-study group were resting in bed in lying-down position as per daily practice and simultaneously instructed to pass urine in the pot near by patient,s bed irrespective of ability to pass urine or not,but attempt of passing urine was required in cases.results were compared between case and control group.......

Keywords: Labour,supine position,urine ,gravity.

[1]. Dundes, L. (1987) The evolution of maternal birthing position. Am J Public Health. 77(5): 636-41.
[2]. Nasir A, Korejo R, Noorani KJ. 2007. Child birth in squatting position. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 57(1):19-22.
Back.
[3]. Bodner-Adler B, Bodner K, Kimberger O, Lozanov P, Husslein P, & Mayerhofer K. 2003. Women's position during labour:
influence on maternal and neonatal outcome. Wien Klin Wochenschr. Oct 31;115(19-20):720-3. Back.
[4]. Kerr MG, Scott DB, Samuel E. 1964. Studies of the inferior vena cava in late pregnancy. British Medical Journal. 1:532–3. Back.
[5]. Caldeyro-Barcia, R. qtd in O'Mara, P, Facciolo, J, and Ponte, W. 2003. Mothering Magazine's Having a Baby, Naturally: The
Mothering Magazine Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth. Simon and Schuster. Back.