iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: Aim: DIPSI (Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India ) guidelines recommends the non-fasting 75gms glucose tolerance test as a single step screening and diagnostic test for GDM. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) guidelines states that when a pregnant women walks into the antenatal clinic in fasting state, fasting blood sugar has to be taken. Then 75gms oral glucose to be given and 1hr &2hr venous plasma glucose has to be taken. Fasting plasma glucose > 92mgs/dl, 1hr plasma glucose > 180mgs/dl or 2hr plasma glucose > 153mgs/dl diagnoses GDM. Our objective was to study the implications of implementing the IADPSG guidelines and DIPSI guidelines for screening and diagnosis of GDM in Indian population................

Keywords: DIPSI, IADPSG, GDM

[1]. Metzger BE. Organizing committee: summary and recommendations of the third international workshop conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1991;40 Suppl 2:197–201.

[2]. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. Hyperglycemia and ad- verse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 08;358:1991–

[3]. 2002.

[4]. Seshiah V, Balaji V, Balaji S, Sanjeevi CB. Gestational diabetes mellitus in India. JAPI. 2004;52:707–11.

[5]. Agarwal S, Gupta AN. Gestational diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India. 1982;30:203.

Abstract: To know the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection in multitransfused thalassemic children& Correlation between these infections & liver function status this Cross-sectional Observational Study, was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Medical College, Kolkata. One hundred patients(61 males and 39 females) from eight districts of southern West Benga,India with beta-thalassemia major with more than 10 blood transfusions, were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV antibodies & anti-HIV antibodies along with liver function test............

Keywords: Beta thalassemia major, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immuno Deficiency Virus.

[1]. Ardalan FA, Osquei MRF, Toosi MN, Irvanloo G. Synergic effect of chronic hepatitis C infection and betathalassemia major with
marked hepatic iron overload on liver fibrosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMCGastroenterology.2004;4:17.
[2]. Tong MJ, El-Farra NS, Reikes AR, Co RL. Clinical outcomes after transfusion- associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med.
1995;vol332; no 22; p1463 – 1466.
[3]. Angelucci E. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in thalassemia. Haematologica.1994; 79, Issue 4,353 – 355.
[4]. Mele A, Stroffolini T, Catapano R, Palumbo F, Moiraghi A, Novaco F. Incidence of transfusion-associated B and non-A, and non-
B hepatitis in Italy. Br Med J. 1995;311:846 – 847.
[5]. Wanachiwanawin W, Luengrojanakul P, Sirangkapracha P, Leowattana W, Fucharoen S. Prevalence & clinical Significance of
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Thai Patients with Thalassemia. International Journal of Hematology. 2003; Vol 78, Number 4,
Pages :374-378.

Abstract: The interest in diastolic dysfunction, which is present in various heart diseases, has been growing for many years. Over the past 2 decades, the concept of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has emerged (1).Ischemic heart disease is one of the main causes of diastolic heart failure. The presence of diastolic dysfunction predicts a poor prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (2). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has become a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, since its morbidity and mortality are similar to those of heart failure with deteriorated left ventricular ejection fraction (3). Echocardiography is the method of choice for diastolic function testing in clinical practice.

[1]. Caudron J, Fares J, Bauer F, Dacher JN. Evaluation of left ventricle diastolic function with cardiac MR imaging. Radio Graph 2011;31:239–61.
[2]. Ren X, Na B, Ristow B, et al. Usefulness of diastolic dominant pulmonary vein flow to predict hospitalization for heart failure and mortality in ambulatory patients with coronary heart disease (from the heart and soul study). Am J Cardiol 2009;103(4):482–5.
[3]. Tribouilloy C, Rusinaru D, Mahjoub H, et al. Prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a 5-year prospective population-based study. Eur Heart J 2008;29(3):339–47.
[4]. Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Severity of the Disease, Severity of Angina Pectoris and Compromised Left Ventricular Function DAVID M. LEAMAN, M.D., Circulation 63, No. 2, 1981.
[5]. Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OAS, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(2):107-33.

Abstract: Fractures of clavicle is one of the most common injuries of human skeleton. It has been traditionally treated non–operatively but the recent trend is shifting towards internal fixation because of the high complication rates and poor functional outcome with cosmetic deformity. The present study is undertaken to study the role of surgical management and assess its functional outcome in fresh displaced mid shaft clavicle fractures from August 2013 to July 2015...............

Keywords: Clavicle fractures, human skeleton, internal fixation, constant and murley

[1]. Michael D. McKee. Clavicle Fractures. In: Bucholz, Robert W. ; Heckman, James D. ; Court-Brown, Charles M. ; Tornetta, Paul eds . Rockwood And Green's Fractures In Adults, 7th Edition.
[2]. Philadelphia ; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010. pg 1106.
[3]. Rowe CR. An atlas of anatomy and treatment of mid-clavicular fractures. Clin Orthop .1968;58: 29-42. [4]. Partha Saha, Prasenjit Datta, Saankritya Ayan, Anant Kumar Garg, Utpal Bandyopadhyay, and Srikanta Kundu . Plate versus titanium elastic nail in treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2014 . Nov-Dec; 48(6): 587–593.
[5]. Seo GS, Aoki J, Karakida O, et al. Case report: nonunion of a medical clavicular fracture following radical neck dissection: MRI diagnosis. Orthopedics 1999;22:985-986.

Abstract: Mental health problems are as common among students as they are in the general population. Mental disorders account for nearly 12% of the global burden of disease. Mental health problems of medical students are a neglected domain still now. So an Observational , descriptive institution based cross sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of mental distress, anxiety and depression & to find out socio-demographic factors & academics related factors among the undergraduate students of Medical College, Kolkata, India using a questionnaire containing General Health Questions (GHQ-12), Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale, Zung self-rating Depression scale.........

Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, MBBS examination, addiction

[1]. World Bank. World Development Report 1993. New York: World Bank; 1993.
[2]. Khan MS, Mahmood S, Badshah A, Ali S9. u, Jamal Y. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and their associated factors among
medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc2006; 56 : 583-6.
[3]. S. Iqbal, S.Gupta,E. Venkatarao:stress, anxiety & depression among medical undergraduate students & their socio-demographic
correlates,Indian J Med Res 141, March 2015, pp 354-357
[4]. Taranga Reang and HimadriBhattacharjyaA Study to Assess the Emotional Disorders with Special Reference to Stress of Medical
Students of Agartala Government Medical College and GovindaBallabh Pant HospitalIndian J Community Med. 2013 Oct-Dec;
38(4): 207–211.doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.120154

Abstract: Introduction: The proximal end of femur in human is the object of much attention. Geometry of proximal femur has been identified as risk factor for hip fractures. Anatomical study of femur bone serves helpful data to understand different aspect of clinical disease conditions, including common site of fracture, changes in osteoporosis, associated congenital anomalies as well as medicolegal cases . Extensive studies of normal neck angles have been carried out. The values differ considerably in the reports available............

Keywords: Neck-shaft angle,Neck length and femur ,Prosthesis, Goniometer

[1]. Olav Reikeras, Arne Holseth, et al.Femoral Neck Angles. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1982;53:775-779
[2]. Da Silva VJ.Oda JY and Sant'ana DMG . Anatomical aspects of proximal femur of adults Brazilians.Int .J .Morphol 2003;21(4) 303-8.

[3]. John Y Anderson and Erik Trinkaus. Pattern of Sexual bilateral and interpoulational variations in human femoral neck shaft angles.Vol.192. 1997 .p.279-285.

[4]. Delaunay S ,Dusault RG , et al. Radiographic measurements of dysplastic adult hip 1997 .p.78-80.
[5]. Susan Standring . Femur. Grays Anatomy. The Anatomical basis of clinical practice 40th Edn 2008.p.1360-65

Abstract: Shin splints — also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, anterior compartment and posteromedial compartment syndrome — have been widely studied in athletes, mostly in runners, but not in dancers. This paper presents the results of treatment with radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) in 4 ballet dancers with shin splint diagnosis. Four patients were treated with two different rESWT devices after the failure of different therapeutic modalities. They received 6 weekly sessions applied along the tibial shaft (3,000p, 2.5b, 7Hz), and a stretching program............

Keywords: Dancers, medial tibial stress syndrome, shin splints, shock wave therapy.

[1]. P. Bates et al. Shin splints: a literature review, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(3) 1985, 132–137.
[2]. S. J. Mubarak et al. The medial tibial stress syndrome. A cause of shin splints, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 10(4), 1982, 201–205.
[3]. M. B. Devas et al. Stress fractures of the tibia in athletes or shin soreness, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 40-B(2), 1958 227–239.
[4]. S. B. Brotzman. Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, (Second edition. Ed. Elsevier, 2005)
[5]. B. R. Beck et al. Tibial stress injuries. An etiological review for the purposes of guiding management, Sports Medicine, 26(4), 1998, 265–279.

Abstract: The septum pellicidumis a thin membrane locatedat the midline of the brainbetween the twocerebralhemispheres, or halves of the brain. It isconnected to the corpus callosum(collection of nerve fibersthatconnect the cerebralhemispheres),the septum pellicidumagenesiais a rare abnomalityaccompagniesvarious malformations of the brainthat affect intelligence, behavoir, and the neurodevelopmentalprocess. We report, in thisarcticle, a case ofisolated partial absence of the septum pellucidum in a fetus of 28 weeks and twodays. The diagnosis has been done by an antenatalmorphologicalultrasound scan and MRI. Wewant to emphasize the importance of visualisation of the cavum of the septum pellucidum as one of the items to notice whileperformingmorphologic scan of the fetalbrain.

Keywords: Partial agenesia, Septum pellicidum, antenatal.

[1]. Malinger G., Lev D., Kidron D., Heredia F., Hershkovitz R., Leman-Sagie T : differentialdiagnosis in fetuseswith absent septum
pellucidum, UltrasoundobstetGynecol 2005, 25 :42-49.
[2]. Chun Y.k., Kim H. S., Hong S. R., Chi J.G. : Absence of the septum Pellucidumassocietedwith a midlinefornical nodule and
ventriculomégaly : A report of two cases, J Korean Med Sci 2010, 25 :970-3.
[3]. Garcia-Arrez A., Garcia-Diaz L., Fajardo M., Carreto P., Antinolo G :Isolated absence of septum pellucidum : Prenataldiagnosis
and outcome, FetalDiagnTher 2013, 33, 130-132.
[4]. Pilu G., Tani G., Carletti A., Malaiga S., Ghi T., Rizzo N :Difficultearlysonographicdiagnosis of absence of the fetal septum
pellucidum, UltrasoundobstetGynecol 2005, 25 : 72-76.
[5]. Damaj L., Bruneau B., Ferry M., Moutard, Garel C., Odent S., Adamsbaum C., Avni F., Treguier C., Lazarol : Pediatricoutcome of
childrenwith the prenataldiagnosis of isolatedsetalagenesis, PrenatalDiagnosis 2010, 30 : 1143-50.

Abstract: Objective: To compare the outcome of managing abdominal wound dehiscence by deep tension suture against the use of Bogota bag afteremergency and elective laparotomies. Materials and methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in North East India. Four hundred and seven patients undergoing midline laparotomyeither in emergency or elective setup were included in the study. Wounds were examined from third postoperative day onwards for any signs of wound dehiscence. Patients were divided into two groups i.e. group A, managed with deep tension sutures and group B, managed with Bogota bagapplication..........

Keywords: Wound dehiscence; complete; deep tension suture; Bogota bag.

[1]. Swaroop M, Williams M, Greene WR et al. Multiple laparotomies are a predictor of fascial dehiscence in the setting of severe trauma. Am Surg 2005;71:402–405
[2]. Gislason H, Grønbech JE, Søreide O. Burst abdomen and incisional hernia aft er major gastrointestinal operations— comparison of three closure techniques. Eur J Surg 1995;161:349–354
[3]. Penninckx FM, Poelmans SV, Kerremans RP et al. Abdominal wound dehiscence in gastroenterological surgery. Ann Surg1979;189:345–352
[4]. Pavlidis TE, Galatianos IN, Papaziogas BT et al. Complete dehiscence of the abdominal wound and incriminating factors.Eur J Surg 2001;167:351–354
[5]. Ma¨kela¨ JT, Kiviniemi H, Juvonen T et al. Factors influencing wound dehiscence after midline laparotomy. Am J Surg1995;170:387–390

Abstract: The abdominal wound dehiscence is defined as partial or complete separation of the fascial layers of the abdomen. Also been described as fascial dehiscence, postoperative eventration, abdominal wound disruption, broken-down abdominal wounds and burst abdomen. The incidence rate mentioned in the international literature ranges from 0.4-3.5%. The reported mortality rates of the complication are as high as 45% associated with the severity. In our teaching hospital which is a Secondary level hospital in a rural area, an overall incidence of 6% of abdominal wound dehiscence is observed in comparison to others............

Keywords: Dehiscence, eventration, factors

[1]. Fleischer GM, Rennert A, Ruhmer M. [Infected abdominal wall and burst abdomen]. Chirurg. GERMANY; 2000 Jul;71(7):754–62.
[2]. Carlson MA. Acute wound failure. Surg Clin North Am. UNITED STATES; 1997 Jun;77(3):607–36.
[3]. Skandalakis J, Colborn G. Skandalakis' Surgical anatomy. Athens, Greece: PMP; 2004. Page
[4]. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery-The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice, 19th edition, Elsevier Saunders, 2012 page 1096
[5]. Brunicardi F, Schwartz S. Schwartz's principles of surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Pub. Division; 2005.Page 1449

Abstract: Background: Lead (pb )is suspected to be one of the endocrine disruptors. People are exposed to high levels of it in the environment through several ways .In the last years there was an evidence that it affects semen quality. The aim of the study is to assess the level of lead in the blood of male patients and correlate it with the seminal fluid parameters and hormonal levels. Methods: Fifty three infertile male patients, attending the infertility clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital from February 2016 till June 2016, participated in this study. Detailed history was taken and careful examination was done. Semen was collected from the patients and analyzed. Blood was withdrawn for hormonal and lead analysis.............

Keywords: Blood lead, seminal analysis, male infertility

[1] Pasqualotto FF, Lucon AM, Sobreiro BP, Pasqualotto EB, Arap S. Effects of medical therapy, alcohol, smoking, and endocrine
disruptors on male infertility. Revista do Hospital das Clínicas. 2004;59(6):375-82.
[2] Meeker JD, Rossano MG, Protas B, Diamond MP, Puscheck E, Daly D, Paneth N, Wirth JJ. Cadmium, lead, and other metals in
relation to semen quality: human evidence for molybdenum as a male reproductive toxicant. Environmental health perspectives.
2008 Nov 1;116(11):1473.
[3] Kiziler AR, Aydemir B, Onaran I, Alici B, Ozkara H, Gulyasar T, Akyolcu MC. High levels of cadmium and lead in seminal fluid
and blood of smoking men are associated with high oxidative stress and damage in infertile subjects. Biological trace element
research. 2007 Dec 1;120(1-3):82-91.
[4] Dally S, Girre C, Hispard E, Thomas G, Fournier L. High blood lead level in alcoholics: wine vs. beer. Drug and alcohol
dependence. 1989 Jan 31;23(1):45-8.

Abstract: Although Tibial plateau fractures comprise 1% of all fractures, a unified treatment has not been established.Additionally long term outcome after various treatment protocols is not yet clear,despite the voluminous discussion of different treatment protocols in the literature.[1-31].Recent studies assessing only surgically treated patients by means of internal fixation (ORIF) show good results but have relatively small patient groups or short term follow-up[7,10,13,16,20,29,32,33].The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiological long term results of surgically treated[ORIF] tibial plateau fractures.The secondary aim was to analyse characteristics that had a significant influence on the results.

[1]. Carlson DA.Posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.J orthop trauma.2005;1973-78
[2]. Ebraheim Na,Sabry FF,Haman SP.Oper reduction and internal fixation of 117 tibial plateau fractures.orthopaedics.2004;27:1281-
1287.
[3]. Piper KJ,Won HY,Ellis AM.Hybrid external fixation in complex tibial plateau and plafond fractures:an Australian audit of
outcomes.Injury.2005;36:178-184.
[4]. Katsenis D,Vasilis A,Panayiotis M,et al.Minimal internal fixation augmented by small wire transfixion frames for high-energy tibial
plateau fractures.J Orthop trauma.2005;19:241-248.

Abstract: Variations of the median nerve at the level of brachial plexus are common. During routine dissection we observed branches of median nerve in the arm which supplies muscles of arm in a sixty five year old male cadaver right upper limb. Musculocutaneous nerve was absent and branch from median nerve supply corachobrachialis. And other branch from median nerve pierces biceps brachii and brachialis muscle by separate branches and continue as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm.

Keywords: Absence of musculocutaneous nerve, Variation of median nerve,

[1]. Gray's Anatomy, 40th edition. Edinburgh, London, Newyork, Philadelphia, Sydeny, Toronto: Churchill Livingstone, 2008: 781,790, 821, 822.
[2]. Bergmann RA, Thomson SA, Saadeh FA. Compendium of human anatomic variation Urban & Schwarzebergmunich.1988; 139-143.
[3]. Le Minor JM. A rare variation of the median and musculocutaneous nerves in man. Arch Anat .Histol. Embryol. 1990; 73: 33–42. (French)
[4]. Chauhan, R, Roy TS. Communication between the median and musculocutaneou nerve- A case report. Journal of anatomical society of India 2002; 51: 72-5
[5]. Sundaram, SM, Kumar MSJ, Sethupathi BB, Nayak S, Krishnamurthy A. Split median nerve with variation in its common digital branch. Neuroanatomy 2008; 7: 15-6.

Abstract: Skin an anatomical barrier from pathogens and damage between the internal and external environment in bodily defense; Langerhans cells in the skin are part of the adaptive immune system. Loss of skin in burn patients lets them open to a wide variety of infectious organisms. This also depends on the extent of the body surface area, degree of the burn, immune capacity of the patient, etc.. In this study we attempt to find the correlation between the platelet count and its usefulness in predicting outcome in burn patients. Septicemia is one of the leading causes of death in burn patients. Through this study we aim for commencement of timely vigorous treatment against it. Septicemia is the most important cause of mortality in burn.

Keywords: Burn, Platelet count, Septicemia.

[1]. WHO Burn Fact sheet N°365 Updated April 2014. Septicemia as a cause of death in burn. [Burn. 2007] PMID:16797127[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[2]. Elsevier: Total Burn Care, 4th Edition: Herndon & Herndon

[3]. ncbi.nlm - pmc,articles,PMC1471990.

[4]. pubmed/24235932 - Effect of severe sepsis on platelet count and their indices.
[5]. http://webcls.utmb.edu/samplecourses/bact/Bact/procedures/adultbc.htm [6]. ncbi.nlm.nih. –pmc articlesPMC3824485

Abstract: Introduction: Dental students undergo theoretical and practical training in pre-clinical endodontics. Once they graduate and start practicing, this training is reflected in the quality of treatment they provide. Pre clinical training helps in guiding the skills without the risk of harming health of the patients. It is important to identify the mistakes and difficulties faced by the students and correct them at this stage. Aim: The aim of this study is to find out the common errors preclinical students make while doing access cavity preparations and how can they be minimised........

Keywords:Access preparation; endodontics; preclinical; root canal treatment

[1]. Fugill M. Defining the purpose of phantom head. European Journal of Dental Education. 2013;17(1):e1-e4.
[2]. Johnson B. Endodontic access. General dentistry. 2008;57(6):570-7; quiz 8-9, 95, 679.
[3]. Mannan G, Smallwood E, Gulabivala K. Effect of access cavity location and design on degree and distribution of instrumented root
canal surface in maxillary anterior teeth. International endodontic journal. 2001;34(3):176-83.
[4]. Tang W, Wu Y, Smales RJ. Identifying and reducing risks for potential fractures in endodontically treated teeth. Journal of
endodontics. 2010;36(4):609-17.

Abstract: Lipomas are benign tumours and are most common mesenchymal soft tissue tumours, which are composed of lipocytes. Usual sites of occurrence are trunk and extremities. Axilla is very unusual site of lipoma, giant lipomas being very rare. We report a case of Recurrent giant lipoma in left axilla extending upto root of neck superiorly, scapular region posteriorly and underneath Pectoralis major & minor muscle.

[1]. Meson H. Lipoma in clinical dermatology. Clin dermatol, 1991, 4:1-2.
[2]. Sanchez Giant lipomaL case report and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 28:266.
[3]. Enzinger F.M.,Weiss S.W. Soft tissue tumours. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1988, pp.301-345.
[4]. Davis C Jr, Gruhn JG. Giant lipoma of the thigh. Arch Surg 1967;95;151-6.
[5]. Lanza G(1985) Anatomia Patologica Sistematica, 2nd ed. Piccin, p.2262.
[6]. Vandeweyer E, Scagnol I. Axillary Giant Lipoma: A case report. Acta Chir Belg 2005; 105:656-7.
[7]. De Andrade J.M., Marana H.R., Sarmento Fihlo J.M., Murta E.F., Velludo M.A., Bighetti S. Differential diagnosis in axillary
masses. Tumori, 1996, 82:596-600.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to maximally and durably inhibit viral replication. Objectives of this study were –  To study the various clinical features of patients on second line anti retroviral therapy.  To study the immunological and virological profile of these patients.  To study various factors determining the initiation of second line ART
Material and Methodology: Retrospective analysis of 30 HIV patients on second line Antiretroviral Therapy was done. Clinical examination and various immunological profiles like CD4 count, CD8 count and virological profiles like viral load and viral resistance testing were noted if done. Details of therapy in terms of drugs, schedule, adverse effects etc. were noted.......

Keywords: HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, CD4 cell count

[1]. UNAIDS, WHO (December 2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update" (PDF).
http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf.
[2]. Morgan D, Mahe C, Mayanja B, Okongo JM, Lubega R, Whitworth JA (2002). "HIV-1 infection in rural Africa: is there a
difference in median time to AIDS and survival compared with that in industrialized countries?" AIDS 16 (4): 597–632
[3]. "A Pocket Guide to Adult HIV/AIDS Treatment February 2006 edition". Department of Health and Human Services. February
2006.
[4]. "Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents". Department of Health and Human
Services Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection. 2005-10-06.

[5]. Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, Aschman DJ, Holmberg SD (1998). "Declining
morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (13): 853–
860.

Abstract: Introduction Of the systemic lesions caused by rheumatoid arthritis, anemia and a focal subcutaneous granuloma are the most characteristic. Our aim is to study the hematological status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to find out the prevalence of anemia in these patients and its correlation with seropositivity and disease activity which is measured by DAS 28 score(Disease activity score). Methods: It is a cross-sectional prospective study using convenient simple random sampling of 44 patients attending the rheumatology clinic in Coimbatore medical college hospital over a period of one year.

[1]. Anemia in rheumatoid arthritis –scandinavian journal of rheumatology 1966 54:1
[2]. Richmond J, Alexander et al :nature of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis Annals of Rheumatic disease 20:133-137, 1961.
[3]. Wintrobes text book of clinical hematology
[4]. Cart wright,.G.E.; anemia of chronic disorders semin. hematology 3:351-375,1976
[5]. Lewis S.M.Porteretal, erythrocyte survival in rheumatoid arthritis; American rheumatic disease19:54-58, 1960

Abstract: The stress impactduring preparatory,examination and post-examination periodson psychophysiological parameters in 40 normal male and female dental students was studied and the gender difference was explored. The stress level was assessed using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS);psychological changes were assessed by determining short term and long term memory (STM, (LTM)) using RAVLT Word List A and Subsections and physiological changes were determined by recordingsystolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variation ( 30:15 ratio)............

Keywords: Autonomic functions, Examination stress, Long term memory,Perceived stress scale, Short term
memory,

[1]. http:// www. stress.org/what-is-stress/.
[2]. Janardan V. Bhatt,. Impact of gender sex on academic examination related stress symptom profile in special reference to sleep
among medical students. Indian Journal of Applied Basic Medical Sciences. 2013; 15B (21): 88-94
[3]. Panter-Brick C, Worthman, C.M. Hormones, Health, and Behavior: A socio- ecological and lifespan perspective. 1999. Cambridge
University Press.
[4]. Greenberg, J. Comprehensive stress management. 2009. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. 11th edn.
[5]. Murphy, L., Denis, R., Ward, C., Tartar, J. Academic stress differentially influences perceived stress, cortisol, and immune
functioning. Stress. Stress. 2010 Jul;13(4):365-70

Abstract: Context:There is always a dearth of blood available for transfusion which can be reduced with more efficient utilization of blood or blood components Aims:This study was aimed at finding reasons for discarding blood or blood components and to develop plans to reduce wastage Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective observational study in blood bank unit of tertiary care hospital
and included data from records for one year(1stJan 2014 to 31stDec 2014). Majority of blood donations were subjected to blood components processing. Reason for discarding blood or blood components was observed and results were analysed....

Keywords:Blood Donation, Wastage of blood, Blood components

[1]. Morish M, AyobY, Naim N, Salman H, Muhamad NA and Yusoff NM. Quality indicators for discarding blood in National Blood
center, Kuala Lumpur. Asian J TransfusSci2012;6:19-23.
[2]. An action plan for blood Safety. New Delhi: National AIDS Control Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Government of India, MOHFW; 2003.
[3]. Roy AD and Pal A. Evaluation of 'Wastage Rate' of Blood and Components – An Important Quality Indicator in Blood Banks.
BJMMR 2015;8(4):348-52.

[4]. Thakare MM, Dixit JV andGoel NK. Reasons for discarding blood from blood bank of government medical college, Aurangabad.
Asian J TransfusSci 2011;5:59-60.
[5]. Bobde V, Parate S and Kumbhalkar D. Analysis of discard of whole blood and blood components in government hospital blood
bank in central India. J of Evidence Based Med & Healthcare 2015;2:1215-20.

Abstract: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most common gynaecological emergencies. The myriad of locations have a hierarchy of prevalence as well as associated mortality and morbidity. Ovarian pregnancy is a rare entity which accounts for upto 3 % of all ectopic pregnancies that is difficult to diagnose clinically.₁ It is the most common type of non-tubal ectopic pregnancy.₂ Ovarian pregnancy is a diagnosis of exclusion. ART procedures have resulted in a rise of pregnancy outside the uterine cavity, yet ovarian pregnancy is still rare. We present a case of ruptured ovarian ectopic pregnancy which required an emergency laparotomy.

[1]. Philippe E, Renaud R, Dellenbach P, Dreyfus J, Ritter J, Muhlstein C. Ovarian pregnancy. Apropos of 32 cases. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod. 1987;16(7):901-8
[2]. Bouyer J, Coste J, Fernandez H,et al. Sites of ectopic pregnancy : a 10 year population-based study of 1800 cases. Hum Reprod 2002;17:3224-3230
[3]. Kaur, H., Shashikala, T., Bharath, M., Shetty, N., Rao, K.A. (2011). Ovarian ectopic pregnancy following assistive reproductive techniques: A rare entity. IJIFM., 2: 37 39.
[4]. Zaidi, M.T, Ansari, M.S., Kirmani, F., Khan, A.A. (2012). A histoarchitectural study of early human ectopic pregnancy. Biomed. Res., 23 (1): 51 56.
[5]. Seinera P, Gregorio A, Arisio R, Decko A, Crana F. Ovarian pregnancy and operative laparoscopy: Report of eight cases. Hum Reprod. 1998;12(3):608- 10..

Abstract: Background: Many infertile couples worldwide resort to donated gametes to overcome their infertility problems, however many others cannot for cultural or religious reasons. They have no other options but probably to keep trying In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment using their own gametes. We wanted to see if we would be able at some point to help such cases fulfil their dreams. Case Report: Four infertility cases with a history of many unsuccessful IVF trials; eight, seven, six, and four, suggestively because of very poor fertilization and/or poor embryo development due to sever male factor that ranged from azoospermia to severe oligo-terato-asthenozoospermia. Yet, in their subsequent trials we managed to help them conceive with live births at the end............

Keywords: Infertility, Male Factor, Gametes, Insemination, In-Vitro Fertilization, Pregnancy Rate.

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[2]. I. Moreno, J.M. Miguez-Forjan, and C. Simon, Artificial gametes from stem cells. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2015, Jun; 42(2): 33–44.
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Abstract: For more than a century, dental care professionals have debated whether or not trauma from occlusion is associated with periodontal disease. Both occlusal trauma and periodontitis result in injury to the attachment apparatus because the periodontium is unable to cope with the pathological insult which it experiences. Occlusal traumatism is nowadays generally accepted as a distinct pathologic entity unassociated with periodontitis, related tissue changes are regarded as microscopic, non-inflammatory and limited to
attachment apparatus.........

Keywords: attachment apparatus, occlusal adjustment, occlusal traumatism, pathologic entity, periodontal disease

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Abstract: Talon's cusp is a properly delineated additional cusp which is said to arise due to evagination on the tooth surface even before the calcification has taken place. Hence it is also known as dens evaginatus. Fusion is a condition wherein the crowns of two separate teeth are seen to have joined togetherduring the time of crown development. The present article describes a case where in both the presence of talon's cusp as well as fusion is seen.

Keywords:Talon's cusp, Dens Evaginatus, Fusion

[1]. Thakur S, Gupta R, Thakur NS, Gupta M. Facial talon cusp on permanent maxillary canine: a rare dental anomaly. Eur J General
Dentist 2013;2(3):324-327.
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report. Pediatr Dent 2005;27(4):303-306.
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(2):667–72,.

Abstract: Background: Road traffic accident is any vehicular accident occurring on the road way. Death due to road traffic accident (RTA) is one of the leading causes of death in our country. Depending upon the severity of head injuries sustained in a Road traffic accident, death may occur at the spot within minutes to hours or in certain cases may be delayed for days to months. The gravity of head injuries, involvement of vital organs, immediate hospitalization, onset of treatment and quality of care are some of the important factors which decide the fate of the victim of accident. Keeping in view the above mentioned facts, the present study is taken up to analyze the fatal Head injuries of victim within 72 hours from the time of accident..............

Keywords: Head Injury, road traffic accident, survival.

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