iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: Introduction: Anaesthesia for caesarean section poses one of the most critical of all problems to the anaesthesiologist. Aim of the present study was to find out an anaesthetic technique for caesarean section in which the babies are delivered in better clinical condition employing Apgar scoring system. Patients and Methods: In the study 180 patients undergoing caesarean section were divided randomly into 3 groups consisting of 60 patients each according to the indication for caesarean section. . Group1: elective post caesarean section. Group 2: failure to progress (urgent section)...........

caesarean section, apgar score , regional anesthesia, fetal advantage.

[1]. Wylie and Churchill-Davidson's A PRACTICE OF ANAESTHESIA, 6th Ed. Edited by Thomas E.J. Healy and Peter J. Cohen.
Edward Arnold, London, 1996. Page 1282.
[2]. Apgar V,Holaday D, James LS, Weisbrot IM, Berrein C. Evaluation of the newborn infant; second report. J Am Med Assoc. 1958
13;168(15):1985-8
[3]. Drowning J.W., Houlton P.C., Barclay A., Extradural anaesthesia for C.S.: A comparison with G.A. Br. J. Anaesth. 1997; 51:390-
394.
[4]. Crawfort JS.Anaesthesia for caesarean section: a proposal for evaluation, with analysis of a method. Br J Anaesth. 1962;34:179-94.
[5]. Martin T.C.; Bell T.; OgunbiyiO.Comparison of GA and RA for CS in Antigua and Barbuda: West Indian Med. J. 2007; 56(4):330-
333.

Abstract: Several studies conducted across the globe have reported a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women. However evidence relating to adverse fetal and pregnancy consequences of maternal thyroid disorders are less well defined and not consistent. This study was thus conducted to find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant ladies and to evaluate the adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with such disorders.This study was conducted in the Central Clinical Laboratory,of Gauhati Medical College & Hospital. Records of TSH reports of samples received from the obstetrics ward and the labour room were maintained and analysed............

Keywords: Free thyroxine, Hypothyroid, Hyperthyroid, Preeclampsia, Thyroid stimulating hormone

[1]. Glinoer D. . The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology. Endocr Rev,18, 1997,404-33.
[2]. Brent GA. Maternal thyroid function: interpretation of thyroid function tests in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol,40, 1997,3-15.
[3]. Sahay RK, Nagesh VS. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Indian J Endocr Metab,16,2012,364-70.
[4]. Ain KB, Mori Y, Refetoff S.Reduced clearance rate of thyroxine binding globulin(TBG) with increased sialylation. A mechanism for estrogen –induced elevation of serum TBG concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ,65,1987,689-702.
[5]. Jayakumar RV. Elevated TSH levels in elderly –Physiologic or Pathologic?Medicine Update,22,2012,315-316.

Abstract: Background: Head and neck lesions encompass a multitude of congenital, inflammatory or neoplastic lesions including several anatomic sites and originating in different tissues and organs. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, quick, feasible, cost effective and repeatable outpatient procedure with minimum risk of complications. Aim: 1. To evaluate the role of FNAC and its utility in the diagnosis of palpable head neck masses. 2. To study the spectrum of head neck lesions in rural population..........

Keywords: FNAC, head and neck, diagnostic.

[1]. Orell SR, Sterrett GF, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. 5th edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1992.p. 1-36.
[2]. Suryawanshi Kishor H., Damle Rajshri P. Dravid Nandkumar V. Tayde Yogesh. spectrum of fnac in palpable head and neck
lesions in a tertiary care hospital in india- a 3 years study. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, January – March 2015;2(1);7-
13.
[3]. Ahluwalia H, Gupta SC, Singh M, Gupta SC, Mishra V, Singh PA. Spectrum of head and neck cancers at Allahabad.J Otolaryngol
Head Neck Surg 2001;53:16-20.
[4]. El Hag IA, Chiedozi LC, al Reyees FA, Kollur SM. Fine needle aspiration cytology of head and neck masses. Seven years'
experience in a secondary care hospital. Acta Cytol 2003;47:387–92.
[5]. Klijanienko J. Head and Neck and Salivary gland.In: Layfield LJ, editor. Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology,1st edn.New
Delhi:Jaypee Publishers;2014.p.11.

Abstract: Background: The economic burden to manage Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases is very high as the average cost of drugs alone for treating MDR-TB patient is 50 to 200 times higher than for treating a drug-susceptible TB patient. If left undiagnosed or poorly treated, MDR-TB patients often live and suffer for years before succumbing to the disease and hence transmission of multi-drug resistance strains can continue, amplifying the multi-drug resistance in the community. Timely identification of MDR-TB cases and prompt initiation of treatment is crucial to prevent the transmission of disease and reduce the associated high morbidity and mortality. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the factors for the delay in diagnosis of MDR-TB Cases and the socio demographic factors among them........

Keywords: MDR-TB, patient delay, health system delay.

[1]. World Health Organization. Global TB report. Geneva: WHO; 2013.
[2]. Dixit AK, Chaudhary E and Dixit J. Programmatic management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A new chapter in the strategy of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme of India. National journal of Community Medicine. 2013; 4(3):541-544
[3]. Chadha SS, Sharath BN, Reddy K, Jaju J, Vishnu PH et al. Operational Challenges in Diagnosing Multi-Drug Resistant TB and Initiating Treatment in Andhra Pradesh, India. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(11): e26659.
[4]. Government of India. Guidelines on Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB (PMDT) in India. New Delhi: Central TB Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2012.

[5]. Jurcev-Savicevic A, Popovic-Grle S, Mulic R, Smoljaovic M, et al. Delays in diagnosing and treating tuberculosis in Croatia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2012; 63(3):385-394..

Abstract: Diabetes is growing alarmingly in India, home to more than 65,1 million people with the disease, compared to 50.8 million in 2010.1Knowledge on Diabetes helps in early detection and treatment of the disease and its complications. Interview was performed in out-patient departments of Fortis Hospitals, Anandapur, on six working days. Results showed minimal knowledge and awareness about the disease and its complications......

Keywords: Diabetes, Knowledge, Awareness.

[1]. International Diabeted Federation Diabetes Atlas, 6th edition 2013
[2]. Misra A, Shrivastava U. Obesity and dyslipidemia in South Asians. Nutrients 2013; 5(7): 2708-33.
[3]. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes-estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(3):1047–53. [PubMed]
[4]. Whiting Dr, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shawj. IDF Diabetes atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and
2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;94:311–21. [PubMed]

Abstract: Neonatal Septicemia is one of the most commonly made diagnoses is most centres. Meningitis is associated in some cases of neonatal septicemia. Sign-symptoms of both septicemia and meningitis are closely simulating making CSF examination mandatory in almost every cases. This institution-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in SNCU & NICU of B S Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India. Among total 100 neonatal septicemia cases recruited, meningitis was diagnosed in 23 cases; 43% of which did not demonstrate any sign-symptoms of CNS infection emphasizing the need to perform CSF examination in neonatal septicemia-patients............

Keywords: Neonatal Septicemia; Neonatal meningitis; Cross-sectional Study; Observational Study; CSF Changes; India.

[1]. Morven s. Edwards. Postnatal Bacterial Infections. In: Fanaroff and Mertin's Neonatal –Perinatal Medicine, 10th edn, Eds. Richard J. Martin, Avory A.Fanaroff, Michele C. Walsh, 2014, pp 791-804
[2]. Barbara J. Stoll and Andi L. Shane. Infection of the Neonatal Infant. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edn, Eds. Kliegman, Stanton, St Geme, Schor, 2015, pp 909-925
[3]. Neonatal sepsis. In: AIIMS Protocols in Neonatology,1st edn, Eds Ramesh Agarwal, Ashok Deorari, Vinod K. Paul, 2015 pp 163-173
[4]. NNPD, Report of the National Neonatal Perinatal Database (National Neonatalogy Forum) 2002-2003
[5]. Sankar MJ, Agarwal R, Deorari AK, Paul VK. Sepsis in the newborn. Indian J Pediatr. 2008; 75:261-6

Abstract: Introduction: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a relatively new entity described asa symptomatic complex of various eye and vision related problems, resulting from prolonged computer use. It is caused by multiple factors which include ergonomic factors, individual responses and time spent by individual on computer. Objectives: 1) To study prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome in college staff and students in Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar. 2) To evaluate the factors attributing to Computer Vision Syndrome. Materials & Methods: The study was an interview based, cross sectional study. A pre-formed, semi-structured questionnaire was used for collection of information regarding socio-demographic data; ophthalmic and clinical examination............

Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, Asthenopic Symptoms, Medical Students.

[1]. Travers PH. Stanton BA. Office workers & video display terminals: physical, psychological & ergonomic factors. AAOHN j. 2002;50: 489-93
[2]. Himebaugh NL, Begley CG, Bradley A, Wilkinson JA. Blinking and tear break-up during four visual tasks. Optometry & Vision Science. 2009 Feb 1;86(2):E106-14.
[3]. Becoming a squinter nation (internet). Wall street journal. August 17, 2010. Avaliable at: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704868604575433361436276340
[4]. Readdy SC, Low CK et al. Computer vision syndrome:a study of knowledge and practises n university students. Nepal J Opthalmol. 2013;5(10):161-168.
[5]. Ranasinghe P, Wathurapatha WS, Perera YS, Lamabadusuriya DA, Kulatunga S, Jayawardana N, Katulanda P. Computer vision syndrome among computer office workers in a developing country: an evaluation of prevalence and risk factors. BMC research notes. 2016 Mar 9;9(1):1.

Abstract: Penile amputation is a rare urologic emergency but carries major functional and psychological consequences in regard to patient's overall quality of life. There is a paucity of case reports of traumatic penile amputation during circumcisions; however, most of the cases reported with self-mutilation are a result or severe substance-induced psychosis or underlying psychiatric disorder . We herein describe a case that resulted in a complete self-amputation of the patient's penis under the influence of alcohol and management methods when the amputated part of the penis is not available.

[1]. GreilsheimerH, GrovesJE. Male genital self-mutilation .Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:441–6.
[2]. Salehipour M, Ariafar A. Successful replantation of amputated penile shaft following industrial injury. Int J Occup Environ Med
2010;1:198–200.
[3]. Simopoulos EF, Trinidad AC. Two cases of male genital selfmutilation:An examination of liaisondynamics.Psychosomatics
2012;53:178–80.
[4]. Jezior JR, Brady JD, Schlossberg SM. Management of penile amputation injuries. World J Surg 2001;25:1602–9.
[5]. SelbyEA, BenderTW, GordonKH, NockMK, JoinerTEJr. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) disorder: A preliminary study. Pers
Disord 2012;3:167–75.
[6]. Shirodkar S.S,Hammad F.T, Qureshi N.A (2007). Male genital self amputation in the Middle East: A simple repair by anterior
urethrostomy.

Abstract: Aim of the study: To compare the visual outcome in patients underwent cataract surgery with PMMA IOL and Foldable Acrylic IOL in Phacoemulsification Materials & Methods: Ours is a prospective study including 100 patients who underwent cataract surgery in Dr PSIMS hospital .The total patients divided into two groups. Each group comprising of 50 patients. All the patients underwent phacoemulsification for cataract. The first half were given PMMA IOL and the second half were given Foldable Acrylic IOL...........

Keywords: phacoemulsification, IOL [Intra Ocular Lens], Astigmatism, BCVA[Best Corrected Visual Acuity.

[1]. WHO. Techn. Rep. Ser., no. 518. 1973.
[2]. WHO. Epi & Vital statis report, 19: 437.1996.
[3]. BiettiG.B.World Health, Feb-Mar, 1976.
[4]. Stedman's Concise Medical Dictionary illustrated, 2nd edition, philadelphia. Williams & Wilkins. 1994.
[5]. Revised by Sihota R, Tandon R, Parson's Disease of the Eye, 21st Edition, New Delhi, Butterworth-Heinmann. Chapter 18.pg 257
pg 257.

Abstract: MPNST often arises from a major peripheral nerve. MPNST replaced olden terms like malignant schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, neurogenic sarcoma, malignant neurilemmoma .They can occur sporadically or in the context of neurofibromatosis type 1(von Recklinghausen's disease). MPNST is an exception to sarcoma which will not arise from benign precursor. Common sites are major/proximal nerve trunks. we came across one such patient who presents with mass per abdomen since 2 months, which was insidious in onset, initially 5x5cm, rapidly progressed to 13x12cm. On examination mass was retroperitoneal debulking of the tumour was done, Biopsy report suggestive of MPNST. Nerve sheath tumours have varied clinical presentations, and a systematic approach, with judicious use of imaging, histopathology needed for diagnosis.

Keywords: MPNST, Retroperitoneal, Von Recklinghausen's disease.

[1]. Rekha Arcot, Kavitha Ramakrishnan, Shalinee Rao: Peripheral and Cranial Nerve Sheath Tumours-A Clinical Spectrum Indian J Surg(September-October 2012)74(5):371-375
[2]. Hemalatha AL, TM Karthikeyan, Shankaranand S Bharatnur, Anil Kumar S;Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in oral cavity- rare site Indian J Patho Microbioi 2006;49(3):397-399
[3]. Kayo Suzuki, Taketoshi Yasuda, Takeshi Hori, Kenta Wantanabe, Masahiko Kanamori; An intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the lumbar spine without neurofibromatosis: case report and review of the literature: http://dx.doi.org/10.3892%2Fol.2014.1987 [Pub Med] [Cross Ref]

Abstract: Introduction: A conventional Pap Test is the mainstay screening system for cervical cancer in a low resource setting in a developing country like India.In order to counsel women and to organize a cervical cancer screening programme by Pap test it is imperative to know the existing pattern of premalignant and malignant lesions here. Materials and Methods: The present prospective and retrospective study was undertaken with the aim of evaluation of the abnormal cytology detected by cervical Pap smear study among patients reporting to out door Department...........

Keywords: Cervical smear, Cervical carcinoma , LSIL, HSIL, Pap test

[1] Coleman DV, Evans D. Introduction : Biopsy pathology and cytology of cervix.Ist edition, Chapman and Hall , London 1988:1-6.
[2] Rubin I C . The pathological diagnosis of incipient carcinoma of the uterus .Am J Obst, 1910;62 : 668 - 676.
[3] Urmila Banik,Pradip Bhattacharjee,Shahabuddin Ahmad,Zillur Rehman:Pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear:a clinicopathological and demographic correlation. Cyto Jr 2011,8;8.
[4] Misra JS ,Srivastava S,Singh U,Srivastava A N. Risk factors and strategies for control of carcinoma cervix in India:Hospital based cytological screening experience of 35 years. Indian Journal of Cancer,2009,46(2);155-159.
[5] Bhatla N, Mukhopadhyay, Kripalani A Pandey R M Pandey R, Gravitt P E Shah K V ,Iyer VK,Verma K.Evaluation of adjunctive tests for cervical cancer screening in low resource settings. Indian Journal of Cancer, 2007: 44 (2): 51 - 55.

Abstract: Psychiatric oncology is the field of medicine concerned with frequent mental and affective problems that we come across in sufferers of cancer and their loved ones. It encompasses the study of pain due to malignancy and its palliative care, mental illness screening, quality of life, communication skills for physicians in handling difficult questions and breaking bad news, and counselling. It is also concerned with management of staff stress and burnout among health care providers (Chaturvedi, 2012).

[1]. Agarwal M, Hamilton JB, Moore CE and Crandell JL. (2010) Predictors of Depression Among Older African American Cancer Patients, Cancer Nurs. 33(2): 156–163. doi:10.1097/ NCC.0b013e 3181bdef76
[2]. Akechi T, Nakano T, Okamura H, Ueda S, Akizuki N, Nakanishi T, Yoshikawa E, Matsuki H, Hirabayashi E, Uchitomi Y. (2001) Psychiatric Disorders in Cancer Patients: Descriptive Analysis of 1721 Psychiatric Referrals at Two Japanese Cancer Center Hospitals, JJCO; 31(5)188 194
[3]. Akechi T, Okuyama T, Uchida M, Nakaguchi T, Sugano K, Kubota Y, Ito Y, Kizawa Y, Komatsu H. (2012) Clinical Indicators of Depression among Ambulatory Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy, Jpn J Clin Oncol;42(12)1175–1180
[4]. Alcalar N, Ozkan S, Kucucuk S, Aslay I, Ozkan M. (2012) Association of Coping Style, Cognitive Errors and Cancer-related Variables with Depression in Women Treated for Breast Cancer, Jpn J Clin Oncol;42(10)940–947

Abstract: Serum uric acid levels are increased in CHF mostly by increased generation and partly by reduced excretion or both. Elevated uric acid levels indicate cardiac dysfunction and progression of heart failure through oxidative stress and free radical injury by increased xanthine oxidase activity. Epidemiological studies have shown that increased uric acid levels serve as a valid prognostic marker in congestive heart failure and indicate metabolic, functional and hemodynamic derangements. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between uric acid levels and heart failure and to find its significance in predicting mortality and severity of the disease as a prognostic risk marker...........

..............................

Abstract: Background: Substance use disorders are increasingly viewed as a chronic condition, and addiction treatment services are beginning to adopt models that were developed to address other chronic conditions. From this perspective, treatment for addiction aims for the broad goal of recovery, which is defined as abstinence plus improved quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the subjective and objective quality of life and assess for any differencebetween clients abusing/dependent on single versus multiple drug(s) and/or alcohol at a rehabilitation center in Nigeria...........

Keywords: Quality of life, Rehabilitation center, Nigeria, Substance Use Disorder, Prevalence

[1]. Philip, G., Greg, W., &Khelifa, N.A. (2007). Quality of life and disability in alcohol and drug dependent patients undergoing
treatment at Depaul House. IeJSME, 1(1), 35- 40
[2]. Laudet, A.B. (2011). The case for consideration in quality of life in addiction research and clinical practice. Addict Sci and Clinic
Pract, 6(1), 44-55
[3]. Notes on Quality of Life. (2012). Quality of life Research Unit, University of Toronto. www.gdrc.org/uem/qol-define
[4]. WHOOQL Group. (1995). The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the
WHO. Soc Sci Med, 41(10), 1403–1409.
[5]. Mendlowicz, M.V., & Stein, M.B. (2000). Quality of life in individuals with anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry,
157(5), 669 – 682.

Abstract: To identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in Indian subset of patients hospitalized for ADHF and to assess various epidemiological, clinical and investigational characteristics of patients in relation to their hospital survival or non-survival. Analysis was done to estimate the characteristics that predict in-hospital mortality and to compare those mortality predictors with those of western studies...........

Keywords: HEART FAILURE, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, ADHF

[1]. Huffman MD, Prabhakaran D. Heart failure: epidemiology and prevention in India. Natl Med J India. 2010 Sep-Oct; 23(5): 283-8.
[2]. Pais P, Xavier D. Heart failure in India: an area of darkness. Natl Med J India. 2011 Jan-Feb;24(1):53.
[3]. Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Leip EP, et al. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2002;106:3068–72.

[4]. National Commission on Population, Government of India. [3 March 2010] Available at http:// populationcommission.nic.in/
[5]. Pillai HS, Ganapathi S. Heart failure in South Asia. CurrCardiol Rev. 2013 May;9(2):102-11.

Abstract: Hernia occurs commonly in surgical practice. Common hernia cases include Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of hernia diseases which were surgically treated in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Patients And Methods: This is a 4 year retrospective study of all adult patients with hernia diseases who were admitted into the surgical wards of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Relevant data were retrieved and analyzed............

Keywords: Pattern; Adult Hernia diseases; University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, South-Southern Nigeria.

[1]. Alade RB, Itayemi SO, Alufohai E. Hernia in: Adeloye, A. ed. Davey's Companion to surgery in Africa. 2nd ed. Church Hill Livingstone, Edinburgh, London Melbourne and New York 1987.
[2]. Malangoni MA, Rosen MJ. Hernias. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston textbook of surgery: the biological basis of modern surgical practice 19th edition. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc 2012: 1114-1128.
[3]. Nyhus LM, Thomas Bonbeck C Hernias In : Sabiston, D.Ced Text book of Surgery 19th ed. W. B. Saunders Company Philadelphia, London , Toronto 1981.
[4]. Zollinger RM Jr. Classification systems for groin hernias. Surgical Clinics of North America, 2003; 83: 1053-1063.
[5]. ScorerCG, Graham HF, Congenital anomalies of the testis in: Campbell Urology. 6th Ed. Vol 2 W. B. Saunder's company1979

Abstract: Dengue virus infection has emerged as notable public health problem in recent decades because of high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Dengue with its two severe clinical manifestations dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is endemic in India and epidemics are frequently reported from many parts of India and abroad. Dengue fever is a recurrent problem in West Bengal. The present study had concentrated on the epidemiology and trend of Dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata Blood was collected aseptically from 7141 clinically suspected patients over a period of four years...........

Keywords: Dengue, Epidemiology , IgM capture ELISA

[1]. Ukey PM, Bondade SA, Paunipagar PV, Powar RM, Akulwar SL. Study of Seroprevalence of Dengue Fever in Central India .Indian J Community Med -2010;35(4): 517–9.
[2]. Hati AK. Studies on dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) in West Bengal State, India. J Commun Dis. 2006 Mar;38 (2):124-9.
[3]. Leyssen, P., E. D. Clercq, and J. Neyts. 2000. Perspectives for the treatment of infections with Flaviviridae. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13:67–82
[4]. Halstead, S. B. 1988. Pathogenesis of dengue: challenge to molecular biology.Science 239:476–481.
[5]. Mourya DT, Yadav P. Vector biology of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Indian J Med Res 2006; 124: 475-80.

Abstract: Introduction: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign but locally aggressive tumor with tendency for local recurrence. Usually it can be treated by en-bloc resection and reconstruction arthroplasty using autogenous non-vascularizedipsilateral proximal fibular graft. Fibulo-carpal subluxation can be prevent by transossiouspamarishlongus tendon. This improvise technique found useful in preserving the movements and functions as well as stability of the wrist...........

Keywords: Giant cell tumor, distal radius, en-bloc resection, reconstruction arthroplasty, proximal, fibular. graft

[1]. Dahlin DC, Cupps RE, Johnson EW. J Giant Cell Tumour: A study of 195 cases. Cancer 1970;25:1061–70.
[2]. Eckardt JJ, Grogan TJ. Giant cell tumour of bone. ClinOrthop 1986;204:45–58.
[3]. Khalil el SA, Younis A, Aziz SA, Shahawy M. Surgical management for Giant cell tumor of bones. J Egypt NatlCanc Inst
2004;16:145-52.
[4]. Chalidis BE, Dimitriou CG. Modified ulnar translocation technique for the reconstruction of giant cell tumor of the distal radius.
Orthopedics 2008;31:608.
[5]. Rastogi S, Prasanth I, Khan SA, Trikha V, Mittal R. Giant cell tumour of bone: Is curettage the answer? Ind J Orthop 2007;41:109–
14.

Abstract: The CIMT is a simple and inexpensive tool which can be used to assess the cumulative effect of atherosclerotic risk factors and it is also an independent predictor of future cardiovascular risk. The International Atherosclerosis project suggests that the atherosclerotic process occurs at the same time in the Carotid, Cerebral and Coronary arteries. Measurement of CIMT of CCA by B mode ultrasound is a suitable noninvasive method to visualize the arterial walls and to monitor the early stages of the atherosclerotic process. The CIMT >1 mm is considered to be Abnormal and >1.2mm is High risk. Therse is general agreement that the presence of obvious plaque indicates high risk at any age. When there is only IMT without Obvious Plaque then the normal need to be adjusted for Age, Gender and Perhaps even Ethnicity.

.....

Abstract: Background: Ultrasound continues to grow in popularity as a method of nerve localization and it has the advantage of allowing real time visualization of the plexus , pleura and vessels along with the needle and local anaesthetic spread.[4]So this study intends to compare efficacy and safety of Inj.clonidine and Inj.Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to local anaesthetic for USG guided subclavian perivascular and axillary block in upper limb surgeries. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study as a prospective randomized study. A total of 70 adult patients were randomly selected who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were divided into groups and study was conducted..........

Keywords: lignocaine, bupivacaine, clonidine, dexmeditomidine, usg guided blocks.

[1]. Rawson R, Anastakis DJ, Von Schroeder H. Early but no long-term benefit of regional compared with general anesthesia for ambulatory hand surgery. Anesthesiology.2004 Aug; 101(2):461-7.
[2]. Popping DM, Elia N, Marret E, Wenk M, Tramèr MR. Clonidine as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic for peripheral nerve and plexus blocks: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Anesthesiology 2009 Aug; 111(2):406-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181aae897
[3]. Raimo V, Juha M, Veijo S, Leena N, Virtanen R. Characterisation of selectivity, specificity and potency of Dexmedetomidine as α2 adrenoceptor agonist, Eur J Pharmacol 1988;150:9-14.
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[6]. Winnie AP. Historical consideration. Chapters 2 and 4. Plexus Anaesthesia.New York: Churchill Livingstone 1984;

Abstract: Introduction:Awakenasal fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) guided intubation is the gold standard of airway management in patients withtemporomandibular joint ankylosis. It is essential to sufficiently anesthetize the upper airway before the performance of awake FOB guided intubation in order to ensure patient comfort and cooperation and maintain haemodynamics. This randomized controlled study was performed to compare two methods of airway anesthesia, namely topical nebulization of local anesthetic and performance of airway blocks...........

Keywords: ....

[1]. El-Sheikh MM, Medra AM. Management of unilateral TM Ankylosis associated with fascial asymmetry. J. Oromaxillofascial
surgery 1997 june; 25: (3):109-15.
[2]. AdekeyeEO.Ankylosis of mandible:analyses of 76 cases. J of Oral maxillofacial surgery 1983. July: 41(7):442-9.
[3]. Guven O. Treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis by modified fossa prosthesis. J CraniomaxillofacSurg2004; 32:236-42.
[4]. Mishra Manas, BhavsarMrugank, Patel Chinar et al. A comparative study of intubating condition and haemodynamic changes
during blind nasal intubation verses fibre optic intubation in cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. IJBAR 2014;may:01.
[5]. Erb T, Hampl KF, Schürch M, Kern CG, Marsch SC. Teaching the use of fiberoptic intubation in anesthetized, spontaneously
breathing patients. AnesthAnalg. 1999;89:1292–5.

Abstract: Mean platelet volume is a marker of inflammation which is found to be increased in patients at risk for atherothrombotic disease and measurement of platelet volume has been suggested as a marker of platelet activation1.The association between Mean platelet Volume and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is controversial Objective: To determine the difference in mean platelet volume in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and healthy age matched controls...........

Keywords: Mean platelet Volume, COPD ,Total Leucocyte count.

[1]. Chu SG, Becker RC, Berger PB et al. Mean platelet volume as a predictor of cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J. Thromb. Haemost.2010; 8: 148–56.
[2]. Berger JS, Eraso LH, Xie D et al. Mean platelet volume and prevalence of peripheral artery disease, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213: 586–91.
[3]. Muscari A, Puddu GM, CenniA et al. Mean platelet volume (MPV) increase during acute non-lacunar ischemic strokes. Thromb.Res. 2009; 123: 587–91.
[4]. Kisacik B, Tufan A, Kalyoncu U et al. Mean platelet volume (MPV) as an inflammatory marker in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75: 291–4.
[5]. Gasparyan AY, Sandoo A, Stavropoulos-KalinoglouA et al. Mean platelet volume in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of anti-TNF-alpha therapy. Rheumatol.Int. 2010; 30: 1125–9.

Abstract: Aim: Mechanical characteristics of tooth preparation along with luting agents are significant entities on the maintenance of fixed dental prostheses. This study aimed at assessing the retention of complete metal crowns luted with two different luting agents using two different preparation height. Methods: Forty human maxillary premolars were selected and prepared to receive complete metal crowns, and were randomly divided in 4 groups: Group A: 7-mm preparation height (PH) and glass ionomer cement (GIC); Group B: 7-mm PH and RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement (SA); Group C: 4-mm PH and glass ionomer cement (GIC); and Group D: 4-mm PH and RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement (SA). Crowns were casted in nickel-chromium alloy. The tensile strength was tested in a universal testing machine............

Keywords: crown retention , luting agents, preparation heigh..

[1]. Shillingburg HT, Hobo S, Whitsett LD, Jacobi R, Brackett SE. Fundamentals of fixed prosthodontics. 3rd ed. Chicago: Quintessence; 1997. p.139-42,151-2.
[2]. Potts RG, Shillingburg HT Jr, Duncanson MG Jr. Retention and resistance of preparations for cast restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 1980; 43: 303-8.
[3]. Leong EW, Choon Tan KB, Nicholls JI, Chua EK, Wong KM, Neo JC. The effect of preparation height and luting agent on the resistance form of cemented cast crowns under load fatigue. J Prosthet Dent. 2009; 102: 155-64.
[4]. Ayad MF, Johnston WM, Rosenstiel SF. Influence of tooth preparation taper and cement type on recementation strength of complete metal crowns. J Prosthet Dent. 2009; 102: 354-61.
[5]. Browning WD, Nelson SK, Cibirka R, Myers ML. Comparasion of luting cements for minimally retentive crown preparations. Quintessence Int.2002; 33: 95-100.

Abstract: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an anatomical defect of the diaphragm. It allows abdominal visceras to protrude into the chest and causes serious pulmonary and cardiac complications in the neonatal period. It can be detected antenatally or at birth. The babies usually present with respiratory distress and may also have pulmonary hypoplasia. Timely intervention and proper respiratory management will usually results in good outcome...........

Keywords: Diaphragmatic hernia; congenital; newborn.

[1]. Tovar JA. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:1
[2]. Jain V, Agarwala S, Bhatnagar V. Recent Advances in the Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Indian J Pediatr 2010; 77 (6):673-78.

[3]. King H, Booker PD. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the neonate. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain 2005; 5(5): 171-174.
[4]. Zaiss I, Kehl S, Link K, Neff W, Schaible T, Sutterlin M, et al. Associated Malformations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Am J Perinatol 2011;28(3):211-8.
[5]. Blancato JK, Hunt M, George J, Katz J, Meck JM. Prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 12p by in situ hybridization: varying levels of mosaicism in different fetal tissues. Prenat Diagn 1992; 12:979-983.

Abstract: Background: Perforation of the gall bladder due to choledocholithiasis is a rare cause of peritonitis. We present a case of gallbladder perforation and biliary peritonitis due to choledocholithiasis. Case report: A 50 years old male, without any known medical co-morbidity, presented with a 5-day history abdominal pain and distension. On abdominal examination, distension with rebound tenderness was present. MRI showed a gallbladder perforation. The patient was taken up for an emergency exploratory laparotomy which showed biliary peritonitis, perforation of gallbladder and choledocholithiasis. Cholecystectomyand choledocholithotomy done with T-tube placement. The patient's hospital course was uneventful except for the initial part when he required ventilator support and dialysis...........

Keywords: Gallbladder perforation; type I; choledocholithiasis; isolated.

[1]. Jethwani U, Singh G, Mohil RS, Saroha R, Chouhan J, BansalN. Gall bladder perforation: report of two cases. OA Case Reports 2013;2(5):50.
[2]. Date RS, Thrumurthy SG, Whiteside S, Umer MA, Pursnani KG, Ward JB et al. Gallbladder perforation: Case series and systematic review. Int J Surg 2012;10(2):63-68. [3]. Stefanidis D, Sirinek KR, Bingener J. Gallbladder Perforation: Risk Factors and Outcome. J Surg Res 2006;131(2):204-8.
[4]. Alvi AR, Ajmal S, Saleem T. Acute free perforation of gall bladder encountered at initial presentation in a 51 years old man: a case report. Cases J 2009;2(1):166. [5]. TonoliniM, Ravelli A, Villa C, Bianco R.Urgent MRI with MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) of acute cholecystitis and related complications: diagnostic role and spectrum of imaging findings. EmergRadiol 2012;19(4):341-8.

Abstract: Aim of the study: To study the effect of topical phenytoin in healing of grade I and II diabetic foot ulcers. Background: Diabetic foot ulcers entail a lot of financial burden both to the patients and also to the treating hospitals. These are estimated to affect 15% of all diabetic individuals during their lifetime. These precede almost 85% of amputations. In India, prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer in clinical population is 3.61%. Increase in the prevalence of foot complications in India is attributed to socio-cultural practices such as bare foot walking, religious practices like walking on fire, use of improper foot wear and lack of knowledge regarding foot care. The three etiological mechanisms involved in formation of diabetic foot ulcer are- ischemia, neuropathy and infection..........

Keywords: Diabetic ulcer; wound healing; phenytoin tablets; topical application.

[1]. Alizadeh A, Mohagheghi M, Khaneki M, Saeed PK. A study of the effect of magnesium hydroxide on the wound healing process in rats. Med J Islamic World Acad Sci. 2007;16: 165–70.
[2]. Anstead GM, Hart LM, Sunahara JF, Liter ME. Phenytoin in wound healing. Ann Pharmacother. 1996; 30: 768–75.
[3]. Shaw J, Hughes CM, Lagan KM, Bell PM, Stevenson MR. The clinical effect of topical Phenytoin on wound healing: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:997-1004.
[4]. Anis Ahmed, Malik Irfan Ahmed. A comparison of efficacy of topical use of phenytoin and vaseline gauze dressing with vaseline gauze dressing alone in healing of diabetic foot ulcers. J Postgrad Med Inst 2014; 28(3): 297-302.
[5]. Pereira C, Alchome de A. Assessment of the effect of Phenytoin on cutaneous healing from excision of melanocytic Nevi on the face and on the back. BMC Dermatol 2010;10:7..