iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2017

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorder. It is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk reduction strategies beyond glycemic control. HbA1c which was primarily used as a test of glycemic control has now been added as a diagnostic test. One condition that effect erythrocyte turnover is anemia. Iron and Vitamin B12 deficiency inhibit erythropoiesis and increase the mean survival duration of erythrocyte, leading to increase HbA1c............

[1]. Alvin C. Powers, Diabetes mellitus. Harrison's principles of internal medicine 18th ed. Mac Graw Hill. 2011;344:2968-80.
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[3]. Gallagher EJ, Le Roith D, Bloomgarden Z. Review of hemoglobin A(1c) in the management of diabetes. J Diabetes. 2009;1:9–17.
[4]. American diabetes association 2011 guidelines, Standards of Medical Care in diabetes-2011, Diabetes care. January 2011; 34(supplement 1): S11-S14.
[5]. Bernstein RE. Glycosylated hemoglobins: hematologic considerations determine which assay for glycohemoglobin is advisable. Clinical Chemistry. 1980; 26:174-5.

Abstract: Aims and Objective: To find out socio demographic profile, prevalence, adherence, type and factors associated with psychopathology in patients of MDR-TB & XDR-TB. Methodology: All Indoor MDR & XDR-TB patients of a state general hospital in urban setting of western India during 1 year were enrolled. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS), General Health Questionnaire(GHQ), Morisky 8-Item Medication Adherence Questionnaire(M8MAQ) were applied to assess anxiety and depression, psychosis, general health condition, treatment adherence respectively. Statistical Analysis was done to find out factors associated with psychopathology in MDR-TB & XDR-TB...............

Keywords: MDR and XDR TB, Depression, Anxiety, Adherence

[1]. Rajeswari R, Muniyandi M, Balasubramanian P, Narayanan PR. Perceptions of tuberculosis patients about their physical, mental and social well-being: a field report from south India. Social Science and Medicine. 2005;60(8):1845–1853. [PubMed]
[2]. Mathai PJ, Ravindran P, Joshi P, Sundaram P. Psychiatric morbidity in pulmonary tuberculosis—a clinical study. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 1981;23(1):66–68. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [3]. Bjelland, I; et al. (2002). "The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review". Journal of Psychosomatic Research 52 (2): 69–77. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3. PMID 11832252. [4]. Overall JE, Gorham DR (1962). The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports 1962 vol. 10, pp799-812
[5]. Goldberg DP, Williams P. A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: nferNelson; 1988.

Abstract: Last few years there is an evidence of increasing studies done on impact of early life stress and associated morbidities in later life. One such association was to assess the impact of psychological stress with respect to ageing. Shorter telomere length is associated with advancing chronological age and also increased disease morbidity and mortality. In this review, we try understanding about telomeres, early life adverse events, stress and coping skills and lastly, highlighting the recent empirical evidence linking stress exposure during childhood with telomere shortening.

Keywords: Telomeres, early life stress, epidemiology, pathophysiology

[1]. Blascovich J, Mendes WB. Social psychophysiology and embodiment. In: Fiske, ST; Gilbert, DT, editors. The Handbook of Social Psychology. New York: Wiley; 2010.
[2]. Lazarus, RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1984.
[3]. Grippo AJ, Johnson AK. Stress, depression and cardiovascular dysregulation: a review of neurobiological mechanisms and the integration of research from preclinical disease models. Stress 2009;12(1):1–21.
[4]. McEwen BS. Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain. Physiol Rev 2007;87(3):873–904.
[5]. Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Mellon SH. Of sound mind and body: depression, disease, and accelerated aging. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2011; 13:25–39.

Abstract: Biliary tract carcinomas which include cancer of the gall bladder and intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree are relatively infrequent but highly lethal diseases that are notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. Objective: To study the relation of gallstones and malignant histopathological changes in gallbladder with cor-relation of size and no. of gallstones in causation or predisposition to gallbladder carcinoma. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Govt. Medical College, Patiala, on 300 patients with cho-lecystectomy for cholelithiasis and extensive review was done with special reference to the histopathological findings and correlation of size and no. of gallstones in causation or predisposition............

Keywords: Gall bladder, carcinoma, cholecystectomy, cholelithiasis, histopathological

[1]. Csendes A, Becerra M, Smok G, Medina E, Maluenda F, Morales E. Prevalence of gallbladder neoplasms in cholecystectomies. Rev Med Chil. 1991 Aug;119(8):887-90.
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[3]. Dowling GP, Kelly JK. The histogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Cancer 1986, 58: 1702-1708.
[4]. Hart K, Modan B, Shani M. Cholelithiasis in etiology of gallbladder neoplasms. Lancet 1971, 1: 1151-1153.
[5]. Khanna R, Chansuria R, Kumar M, Shukla HS. Histological changes in gallbladder due to stone disease. Indian J Surg 2006;68:201-4.

Abstract: Altered vertical dimension can have a detrimental effect on the functional integrity of dental arches and the associated structures as well as on the aesthetics of the patient. This paper presents the prosthodontic management where aim was to regain the lost vertical dimension in a partially edentulous patient with mutilated anterior dentition. The treatment involved use of both fixed and removable prosthesis and resulted in both functional and esthetic improvement in the patient

Keywords: Rehabilitation, mutilated dentition, partial edentulism

[1]. Chidambaram R, Grover M, Veeravalli PT. Full mouth rehabilitation of a worn out dentiotion using multidisciplinary approach. J Orofacial Res Jan Mar 2013; 3 (1): 54-56.
[2]. Rathod AM, Shetty OK, Gharat SR, Dsouza R. All Zirconia: A new material for posteriors with minimal tooth preparation. Adv Human Biology 2014; 4(1): 31-36.
[3]. Gurav SV, Ram SM, Khanna TS. Occlusal rehabilitation of severely mutilated dentition. J Contemp Dent Jan Apr 2015; 5 (1): 48-52.
[4]. Mete JJ, Dange SP, Khalikar AN, Vaidya SP. Functional and esthetic rehabilitation of mutilated dentition associated with amelogenesis imprefecta. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2012 Jun; 12 (2): 94-100.
[5]. Dua P, Singh J.P, Aghi A. Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of a case of mutilated dentition and loss of vertical dimensions. J Indian Prostho Dont Soc. 2011 Sep; 11 (3): 189-194.

Abstract: Introduction: A pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space resulting from excess fluid production or decreased absorption or both. It reflects an abnormal pathophysiological state resulting from disequilibria between pleural fluid formation and removal. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical profile, etiology in patients presenting with pleural effusion and correlation between etiology, clinical and radiological findings. Material And Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out at the GRMC JAH Department of Medicine, Gwalior, from to July 2013 to October 2014. Inclusion criteria were all..........

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Congestive cardiac failure, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

[1]. Diaz-Guzman E, Dweik RA. Diagnosis and management of pleural effusions: a practical approach. Compr Ther. Winter 2007;33(4):237-46
[2]. A.M.Abu Mossallam. Mohammad Rehan ."study of tb pleural effusion" 2013.
[3]. Storey DD, Dines DE, Coles DT. Pleural effusion:a diagnostic dilemma. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1976;236:2183–6.
[4]. Keshmiri M, Hashemzadeh M. Use of cholesterol in differentiating of exudative and transudative pleural effusions. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 1997; 2(3):187–9.
[5]. Rowland, Belinda. "Pleural Effusion." Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer. The Gale Group Inc. 2002.Encyclopedia.com. 1 Nov. 2009.

Abstract: Aim of the present study is factors that affecting the morbidity and mortality in low birth weight (LBW) babies born with birth weight less than 2500gms. Study is a longitudinal, observational and intervention study done on babies weighing less than 2500 gms irrespective of gestational age admitted to SNCU / NICU, Government General Hospital, Kurnool, from January 2012 to December 2012. At admission Clinical details of all babies were recorded, investigated and managed as per the standard protocols, after exclusion criteria a total of 419 LBW babies (17.5% of all admissions) were included in the study, The incidence of LBW was 52.9% of total NICU admissions...........

Keywords: Birth weight, low birth weight, gestational age, morbidity and mortality

[1]. Vishnu bhat and adhisivam (2012). Trends and outcome of low birth weight (LBW) infants in India. The Indian journal of pediatrics doi: 10.1007/s12098-012-0922.
[2]. World Health Organization, International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992.
[3]. UNICEF/WHO, low birth weight: country, regional and global estimates, UNICEF, Newyork, 2004.
[4]. National Family Health Survey: 3 (NFHS: 3), 2005-06: India: Volume-1 Mumbai: IIPS. P. 225-6.
[5]. Idris MZ, Gupta A, Mohan U, Srivastava AK, Das V. Maternal Health and Low Birth Weight Among Institutional Deliveries. Indian J Com Med 2000; 25(4):156-60..

Abstract: Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD )is a common chronic liver disorder sharing the same factors with metabolic syndrome in pathogenesis and insulin resistance. Stress, altered food habits and sedentary life style has led to the development of fatty liver, a marker of metabolic syndrome, leading to cardiovascular disease and Type2 DM at a younger age. Aim & objectives : To estimate anthropometric and lipid parameters in NAFLD cases, and controls with normal ultrasonogram (USG).To correlate these parameters with metabolic syndrome. Methodology : A total of 480 patients who were referred for USG from medicine and gynaecology outpatient department were screened...........

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, triglycerides, USG, Waist circumference.

[1]. Longo, Fauci, Kasperet al, Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 18th Edition, Vol : 2 2012; McGraw Hill companies, page: 2604-606.
[2]. Hazlehurst JM, Tomlinson JW (2013) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in common endocrine disorders. Eur, J Endocrinol 169: R 27-37.
[3]. Gupta A, Gupta R, Sarna M, Rastogi S, Gupta VP, Kothari K. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance syndrome in an urban Indian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003; 61 : 69-76.
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[5]. Amarapurkar D, Kamani P, Patel N, Gupte P, Kumar P, Agal S et al, Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: population based study. Ann Hepatol 2007;6:161-3.

Abstract: Aim: To study the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss in safe and unsafe CSOM. Methods: The study was carried out on 100 patients of CSOM at primary level health centre.Result:15% of patients had mixed component of hearing loss(SN componenet).

Keywords: Sensorineural hearing loss , chronic supprative otitis media(CSOM), round window.

[1]. Mann S B , Sharma C(1998): Incidence of hearing impairment among the rural and urban school going children. Indian journal of Peadiatrics 65(1): 141-145.
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[5]. Walby Ap, Barrera , S Chukneckt HF(1983): Cochlear pathology in CSOM. Am Otol Rhinolaryngol (Suppl) 92(103) : 13-15.

Abstract: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood that interferes with normal nutrition intake, speech, self-esteem and daily routine activities. Only sporadic data is available on the oral health condition in different states in India. In a metropolitan city like Mumbai, no systematic assessment on the oral health problems is available, especially among the children belonging to low socio-economic class, studying in municipal schools. Hence the current study was planned to provide the base line data of oral health perception and practices among the children studying in (V-VII Std.) suburban municipal school and predominantly from a low socio-economic area, located in the field practice area of a teaching medical college..........

Keywords: Awareness, knowledge,oral habits, oral hygiene, perceptions, practices.

[1]. Vishal Chhabra.Dental Survey of Children in Ferozepur, India. Master of Dental Science, University of Sydney Australia; 2007.
[2]. Kumar A, Grewal H, Verma M. Prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in the rural child population of Nainital District, Uttaranchal. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2009;27(4):224.
[3]. Lin S, Mauk A. Diseases in Rural India. Implementing Public Health interventions in developing countries. 105-129.
[4]. Harikaran A G, Pallavi SK, Hariprakash S, Ashutosh, Nagesh KS. Oral Health - related KAP among 11 to 12 year old school children in a government - aided missionary school of Bangalore city. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2008; 236-242.
[5]. Grewal N, Kaur M. Status of oral Health awareness in Indian children as compared to Western children: A thought provoking situation (a pilot study). Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2007; 25: 15-19.

Abstract: Patients who undergo extraction of their proclined maxillary anteriors find it difficult to adjust to the conventional dentures when severe labial undercuts are present. This case report describes a nonsurgical treatment option for completely edentulous patients with severe labial undercut in the anterior maxilla.The labial flange of the denture is modified and a denture is fabricated to adhere to the esthetic needs of the patient.

Keywords: Modified flange, flangeless denture, proclined premaxilla

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[3]. Nandita KN, Meena Aras A. Modified flange complete denture for labially inclined premaxilla. IDJA. 2010;2(2).
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Abstract: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Features of congenital hypothyroidism are non specific and difficult to identify in the neonatal period. They become prominent with increasing age. However the window period for neurological intervention has elapsed in most patients by this time.

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