iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2017

Abstract: A case control study comprising of 111 participants with 50 cases and 61 controls was performed. A fasting sample of plasma homocysteine was obtained from all the cases and controls. Plasma homocysteine was measured using the Chemi luminescence immunoassay method. It was found that the mean plasma homocysteine levels were higher in hypertensive women and increased with severity of disease. If there was positive family history of cardiovascular disease then plasma homocysteine levels were found to be higher. Higher the SBP, DBP & MAP values, higher were the levels of plasma homocysteine.Thus the study establishes the positive relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and gestational hypertension. Increased levels of plasma homocysteine in pregnant women could be used as a potential marker for predicting gestational hypertension and its severity.

Keywords: DVT, GestationalHypertension,Mean arterial pressure, Plasma Homocysteine,Preeclampsia

[1]. Report of the National high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in pregnancy. Am J obstet gynecol. 2000; 183(1):s1-s22.
[2]. Desai P, Rathod S. Garge V, Mansuri Z. Evaluation of pro-oxidants & antioxidants in pre-eclampsia Jr. O&G India 2003: 53(5), 445-448
[3]. Sheppard BL, Bonnar J. An ultrastructural study of uteroplacental spiral arteries in hypertensive and normotensive pregnancy and fetal growth retardation. Br J obstet gynecol. 88:695-705, 1981
[4]. Amir, Ahmed, Shamsi, Ul-Ain, sultana. Elevated circulating homocysteine levels in patients with mild preeclampsia. Esculapio journal of SIMS. 2006;36-38
[5]. Lopez, Vilaseca, Lailla. Plasma total Homocysteine in uncomplicated pregnancy and preeclampsia. Eur J Obstetgynecolreprod boil. 2003 May 1; 108 (1):45-9

Abstract: TOLAC (Trial of Labor after cesarean section) is an acceptable individualized option for women without major risk factors and the primary cesarean performed for a non recurring indication. Objective: Aim of the study is to analyze the cases with history of previous cesarean section who delivered vaginally, the factors that influence the successful outcome, perinatal morbidity, mortality and finally maternal morbidity, mortality. Materials and methods: 150 patients with the previous history of one caesarean section were studied. Results: Among the 150 cases, 54 patients delivered vaginally and hence the incidence of vaginal birth after.............

Keywords: Cesearean section, Outlet forceps, perinatal morbidity, scar dehiscence, VBAC.

[1]. Sentilhes L, Vayssiere C, Beucher G, Deneux-Tharaux C, Delivery for women with a previous cesarean: guidelines for clinical
practice from the French college of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF). Eur J ObstetGynecolReprod Biol. 2013, Sep
170(1):25-32
[2]. Guise JM, McDonagh MS, Hashima J, Kremer DF, Eden KB, Berlin M, Nygren P, Osterweil P, Krages KP and Helfand, Vaginal
Birth After Cesarean (VBAC): Summary, AHHRQ Evidence Report summaries. Rockville (MD): Agency for HealthCare Research
and Quality (US);1998-2005
[3]. JhaveriAA, Obstetric carrier after previous cesarean section, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1966-67.
[4]. Singh V.K, Nawaui M, Bagoliwal, A, Rohatgi B, Trial of labour in patients with previous cesarean section, Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynecology of India 1995.
[5]. Obara H, Minakami H, Koike T, Takamizawa S, Matsubar S, Sato I Vaginal birth after Cesarean Delivery : Results in 310
pregnancies, vol 24, April 1998, 129-134

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find the correlation between vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) with length of fingers and distance from hair line to nasion. Materials and Methods A cross‑sectional study was conducted on 400 dentate subjects comprising of 200 males and 200 females. Anthropometric measurements of VDO, length of index finger, length of little finger and distance from hair line to nasion were recorded clinically using digital vernier caliper. Correlation between VDO and length of fingers and distance from hair line to nasion was studied using Pearson‟s correlation method. Results VDO was significantly and positively correlated with all the parameters studied in females but not in males. In females, VDO had strongest correlation for length of little finger.............

[1]. Glossary of Prosthodontics Terms 8th edition. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94:10-85.
[2]. Turrell A. Clinical assessment of vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96:79-83.
[3]. Orthlieb J, Laurent M, Laplanche O. Cephalometric estimation of vertical dimension of occlusion. J Oral Rehabil 2000;27:802-807.
[4]. Feldman S, Leupold RJ, Staling LM. Rest vertical dimension determined by electromyography with biofeedback as compared to
conventional methods. J Prosthet Dent 1978; 40:216-9.
[5]. McGee GF. Use of facial measurements in determining vertical dimension. J Am Dent Assoc 1947;35:342-50.

Abstract: Myomectomy at the time of caesarean delivery has been discouraged because of the risk of intractable haemorrhage and increased postoperative morbidity. A prospective study was conductedin a tertiary care teaching hospital in Manipur, India which included 6 pregnant women with uterine fibroids who underwent myomectomy during caesarean section.Type of Caesarean section, size and location of the fibroids, blood loss, postoperative morbidity, and neonatal outcome was studied. Total 12 fibroids were removed, with size varying from 5-13 cm...............

Keywords: Caesarean, haemorrhage, hysterectomy, myomectomy.

[1]. Barbara L. Hoffman, John O. Schorge, Joseph I. Schaffer, Lisa M. Halvorson, Karen D. Bradshaw, F. Gary Cunningham et al Williams Gynecology, 2nd ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill;2012.
[2]. Muram D, Gillieson MS, Walters JH. Myomas of the uterus in pregnancy: Ultrasonographic follow-up.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980;138:16–9.
[3]. Kaymak O, Ustunyurt E, Okyay RE, Kalyoncu S, Mollamahmutoglu. Myomectomy during Cesarean section. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2005;89:90–3.
[4]. Hasan F, Armugam K, Sivanesaratnam V. Uterine leiomyomata in pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Obstet.1990;34:45–8.
[5]. Davis JL, Ray-Mazumder S, Hobel CJ, Baley K, Sassoon D. Uterine leiomyomas in pregnancy: A prospective study. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;75:41–4.

Abstract: Cholera is one of the most important diarrhoeal diseases in India and a major illness of public health importance. Recently there was an outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea in Mathura district, during late October-November 2016. Objectives: To determine the cause, source and extent of the acute diarrhoeal disease outbreak in district of Mathura by conducting an environmental and microbiological investigation. Materials and Methods: Water samples (1 from pond, 2 from municipal taps, 2 from tube wells and 3 from tanks) were collected from areas reporting the maximum number of cases of acute watery diarrhoea, and tested for diarrhoeagenic pathogens in the laboratory. Isolation and identification of pathogen was done according to the standard methodology.................

Keywords: Acute watery diarrhoea, outbreak, water samples

[1]. Kaistha N, Mehta M, Gautam V, Gupta V. Outbreak of cholera in & around Chandigarh during two successive years (2002, 2003). Indian J Med Res 2005; 122(5):404-407
[2]. Dey S, Parande MV, Parande AM, Lakkannavar SL, Rathore PK, Mantur BG, et al. Twin outbreak of cholera in rural North Karnataka, India. Indian J Med Res 2014; 140 : 420-426

[3]. Ranjbar R, Rahbar M, Naghoni A, Farshad S, Davari A, Shahcheraghi F. A cholera outbreak associated with drinking contaminated well water. Arch Iran Med. 2011;14(5):339-40
[4]. Pun SB, Maharjan R, Shrestha D, Pokharel D, Shah Y, et al. An Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae in 2012, Kathmandu, Nepal. Trop Med Surg. 2013;1:115

[5]. Rafique R, Rashid MU, Monira S, Rahman Z, Mahmud MT, Mustafiz M, et al. (2016) Transmission of InfectiousVibrio cholerae through Drinking Water among the Household Contacts of Cholera Patients (CHoBI7 Trial). Front. Microbiol 2016;7: 1-10

Abstract: Trochanteric fracture femur is one of the commonest fracture orthopaedicpractice. Dynamic hip scre w (DHS) is the gold standard procedure for treatment for stable intertrochanteric fractures, however problem a rises with unstable fractures in maintenance of neck shaft angle. Here we arecomparing results oftrochanteric fr actures treated with proximal femoral locking compression plate (PFLCP) as comparedwith dynamic hip screw (DHS). Methods: This study was a prospective study. Two groups of trochanteric fractures of 15 patients operated with DHS and 15 with PFLCP were taken. Each patient was followed-up from April 2014 to April 2015 for minimum of 12 month. Every fracture was classified according to EVAN classification.............

Keywords:Trochanteric Fracture, Dynamic Hip Screw(DHS),Proximal Femur Locking Compression Plate(PFLCP)

[1]. DeLee JC, Clanton TO, Rockwood CA Jr. Closed treatment of Subtrochanteric fracture of the femur in a modifiedcastbrace. J Bone
Joint SurgAmer 1981; 63: 773-9.
[2]. Robinson CM, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM, Christie J. Hip fractures in adults younger than 50 years of age. Epidemiology
and results.ClinOrthopRelat Res 1995; 312: 238-46.
[3]. Kim WY, Han CH, Park Ji, Kim JY. Failure of intertrochantric fracture fixation with dynamic hip screw in relation to preoperative
fracture stability and osteoporosis. In Ortho.2001;25:360-2.
[4]. Fogagnolo F, KfuriJr M, Paccola C. Intramedullary fi xation of pertrochanteric hip fractures with the short AO-ASIF proximal
femoral nail. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2004; 124: 31.
[5]. Robinson CM, Houshian S, Khan LAK. Trochanteric-entry long cephalomedullary nailing of subtrochanteric fractures caused by
low-energy trauma.J Bone Joint SurgAmer 2005; 87: 2217-26.

Abstract: Eventration of diaphragm is defined as an abnormal, permanent elevation of the hemidiaphragm and its lax membrane is interspersed with the normal peritoneal and pleural membranes. Most adults with Eventration of diaphragm are asymptomatic and do not require surgical treatment .However the preexistence of this condition in cases of thoraco abdominal trauma mimics a traumatic rupture of diaphragm and hence, is a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of previously undiagnosed Congenital Eventration of diaphragm mimicking a traumatic rupture of diaphragm.

Key words: Congenital Eventration diaphragm, traumatic rupture

[1]. Richard E.Ward.,Timothy C.Flynn.,William P.Clark. Diaphragmatic Disruption Secondary to Blunt Abdominal Trauma. The
Journal of Trauma Vol. 21,No.1
[2]. W.J Lee.,Y.S.Lee .Traumatic Diaphragmatic rupture : a diagnostic challenge in the emergency department. BMJ Case Rep 2009
[3]. C.M .Moore,B.J.Mander,M.A.K.Raja . A case of congenital Eventration of the Diaphragm mimicking traumatic Diaphragmatic
rupture. Int.J.Care Injured 32 (2001) 508-509
[4]. F.Bonanno . Eventration of the Diaphragm : A Pitfall in blunt Thoracic trauma Injury Extra 40 (2009)127-129
[5]. Mantoo S.K,Mak K . Congenital Diaphragmatic Eventration in an Adult : A Diagnostic dilemma. Singapore Med J 2007 ; 48(5):e
136

Abstract: Preservation of the natural tooth structure or its strength reinforcement, as far as possible, should always be the prime conservative concern for a dental practitioner, than vigorous replacement of the missing teeth, as Muller De Van rightly quoted. Endodontic treatment often yields up sparse amount of tooth structure, with inadequate coronal bulk, when the carious invasion is extensive; thereby making the extra coronal coverage with a full contour crown, a challenging task for the prosthodontist for its rehabilitation............

Keywords: Endocrown, Endodontic Treated Tooth, coronal rehabilitation

[1]. K. Gulabivala. ―Restoration of the root treated tooth,‖ in Endodontics, C. J. R. Stock, K. Gulabivala, and R. Walker, Eds., pp. 279–305, Elsevier, 3rd edition, 2004.
[2]. Rosabiacch, Robertatarkany Basting. The Endocrown: An Alternative Approach for Restoring Extensively Damaged Molars Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 2013; 25(6); 383-90.
[3]. Dietschi D, Duc O, Krejci I, Sadan A. Biomechanical considerations for the restoration of endodonticallytreated teeth: A systematic review of the literature, part ii (evaluation of fatigue behavior, interfaces, and in vivo studies). Quintessence Int 2008;39(2):117-129.
[4]. Bindl A, Mörmann WH. Clinical evaluation of adhesively placed Cerecendocrowns after 2 years— preliminary results. J Adhes Dent 1999;1: 255–65.

Abstract: Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of mortality & morbidity in pediatric age group of patients' in developing countries. Surveillance for a broad range of enteric pathogens is necessary to accurately predict the frequency of pathogens & potential changes in antibiotic resistance pattern. Methods: The Stool samples were collected between January 2014 to January 2015 from a total of 200 outdoor & indoor patients at P.D.U. Medical College & Govt. hospital. Bacterial pathogens were isolated & antibiotic susceptibility patterns were ascertained. For E.coli isolates genotyping was done at NICED, Kolkata............

Keywords: Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI),E.coli, Entero Aggregative E.coli(EAEC), Entero Pathogenic E.coli (EPEC),Entero Toxigenic E.coli (ETEC),Entero Invasive E.coli (EIEC).

[1]. Bhatnagar S, Bhandari N, Mouli UC, Bhan MK, Consensus statement of IAP National Task Force. Status Report on management of Acute Diarrhoea. Indian Paediatric 2004 April 17;4: 335-48.
[2]. Catharine P, Ranoa MD. Cost Reduction in the Treatment of Diarrhoeal diseases by Oral therapy. Phil J. Microbial Infect Dis 1983;13(2):98-108.
[3]. Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant R, The global burden of diarrhoeal disease as estimated from studies published in between 1992 to 2000. Bull World Health Organ 2003;81:197-204.
[4]. Parashar UD, Hummelman EG, Bresse JS, Miller MA, Glass RI, Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus Disease in children. EmergInf Dis 2003;9:565-72.
[5]. Morris SS, Black RE, Tomaskovic L. predicting the distribution of under five deaths by cause in countries without adequate vital registration system. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:1041-51.

Abstract: Isoflurane is commonly used agent in neuro anaesthesia. But desflurane has lowest blood gas partition co efficient and has rapid recovery profile. Hence it may have useful role in spine surgeries. There is paucity of data regarding comparison of desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane in neuroanaesthesia in adult patients in a single study. Hence the need of present study. Ninety ASA I/II patients aged 20-60 yrs were randomly allocated into three groups of thirty each. Group D, Group S, group I received desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane respectively. The primary outcome studied was time to emergence: the time from discontinuation of anaesthetic agents to open eyes either spontaneously or in response to verbal commands............

Keywords: Desflurane, extubation, isoflurane, sevoflurane, spinal surgery

[1]. Cheriyan T, Maier SP 2nd, Bianco K, Slobodyanyuk K, Rattenni RN, Lafage V et al. Efficacy of tranexamic acid on surgical bleeding in spine surgery: a meta-analysis. Spine J. 2015 ;15: 752-61.

[2]. Jindal R, Kumra VP, Narani KK, Sood J. Comparison of maintenance and emergence characteristics after desflurane or sevoflurane in outpatient anaesthesia. Indian J Anaesth 2011; 55: 36-42

[3]. Yildiz K, Bicer C, Aksu R, Dogru K, Madenoglu H,Boyaci A. A comparision of 1 minimum alveolar concentration desflurane and 1 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial lesions. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2011;72:49-59.

[4]. Singh D, Rath GP, Dash HH, Bithal PK. Sevoflurane provides better recovery as compared with isoflurane in children undergoing spinal surgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol .2009 ;21 :202‑6.
[5]. Khan BA, Guzman O, Campbell NL, Walroth T, Tricker JL, Hui SL et al. Comparison and agreement between the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale in evaluating patients' eligibility for delirium assessment in the ICU. Chest. 2012; 142: 48–54.

Abstract: Background: Post operative cognitive decline is more commonly seen in elderly aged patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score is routinely used as a screening test to assess the cognitive status of a patient. We aimed to assess the trend in cognitive decline among middle (40- 59years) and elderly age (≥60 years) patients undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery. Methods: One hundred (American Society of Anesthesiologists I,II and III ) patients aged more than 40 years were followed up at regular time intervals after obtaining written informed consent..........

Keywords: Postoperative cognitive decline, Mini-Mental status Examination, Major non-cardiac surgery

[1]. Johnson T, Monk T, Rasmussen LS, et. al. Postoperative Cognitive dysfunction in middle -aged patients. Anesthesiology 96:1351-
1357,2002.
[2]. Neuman M F, Kirchner JL, Philips-Bute B, et al. Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function after coronary-artery bypass
surgery. N. Engl J Med 344:395-402,2001.
[3]. Moller JT, Cluitmans P, Rasmussen LS, et.al: long term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD study. ISPOCD
Investigators International Study of Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Lancet 351:857-861,1998.
[4]. Ritchie K, Polge C, de Roquefeuil G, et.al: Impact of anesthesia on the cognitive functioning of the elderly. Int Psychogeriatric
9:309-326,1997.
[5]. Abildstrom H, Rasmussen LS, Rentowl P, et.al: Cognitive dysfunction 1-2 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly. ISPOCD
group International Study of Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Acta Anesthesiology Scand 44:1246-1251,2000.

Abstract: Since the face is the most visible part of human anatomy and the maxillary anterior teeth hold a significant effect during smiling, this study aims to evaluate the golden proportion of the maxillary anterior teeth in different morphological facial types and detect possible gender differences in a sample of class I normal occlusion. The sample consisted of 82 Iraqi adults (40 males and 42 females) aged (18-25) years. Each individual was clinically examined, frontal facial and intraoral photographic records were performed for each individual; the facial index from facial measurements and golden proportion from dental measurements were calculated.............

Keywords: Golden proportion, facial types, photographic record

[1]. EL Levin., Dental esthetics and the golden proportion, Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 40, 1978, 244-52.
[2]. E Sulaiman, MS Yaakub, NA Zulkifli, M Abdullah, MAG Gonzalez, Existence of golden proportion in maxillary anterior teeth University of Malaya dental students, Annals of Dentistry University of Malaya, 17, 2010, 9–14.
[3]. RE Lombardi, The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics, Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 29, 1973, 358- 82.
[4]. LF Martins, JW Vigorito, Photometric analysis applied in determining facial type, Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 17(5), 2012,71-5.
[5]. JM Dibbets, Morphological associations between the Angle classes, European Journal of Orthodontics, 18(2), 1996, 111-118.

Abstract: Gingival and periodontal disease leads to recession, black triangles, soft tissue defect in the esthetic region. For these problems non surgical and surgical treatment modalities have been reported. When large volumes of tissue are missing with interdental papilla loss, treatment methods such as reconstruction of papilla are not possible. The other surgical treatment modalities like mucogingival surgeries are unpopular because of long healing time, discomfort and surgical costs.............

Keywords: Gingival Veneers, Gingival Recession, Interdental Papilla, Esthetic.

[1]. Cunliffe J, Pretty I. Patients' ranking of interdental "black triangles" against other common aesthetic problems. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2009; 17:177-81.
[2]. Mekayarajjnanoth T, Kiat-amnuay S, Sooksuntisakoonchai N, Salinas TJ, The functional and esthetic deficit replaced with an acrylic resin gingival veneer, Quintessence International 2002; 33(2):91-94.
[3]. Ellis SGS, Sharma P, Harris IR, Case report: aesthetic management of a localized periodontal defect with a gingival veneer prosthesis, European Journal of Prosthodont Restorative Dentistry 2000; 8(1):23–26.
[4]. Emslie RD, A case of advanced periodontitis complex. Dental Practitioner 1955; 5:432–433.
[5]. L'Estrange PR, Strahan JD, The wearing of acrylic periodontal veneers. British Dental Journal 1970; 128:193–194.

Abstract: Background: The incidence of fungal infections has increased significantly, causing increased morbidity and mortality. The important factor for increased incidence of fungal infections is the overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug resistant bacteria.. Candida is the major fungal pathogen that causes both mucosal and deep tissue infections. Aim:The aim of our study is to identify the Candida species among clinical isolates and their sensitivity pattern for the common antifungal drugs..............

Key word: Candida . Vitek, Antifungal sensitivity, Candida species

[1]. Kett DH, Azoulav E, Echeverria, Vincent JL. Extended Prevalence of Infectionin ICU Study (EPIC II) Group of
Investigators. Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care unit study. Crit Care Med 2011 ;39:665-70.
[2]. AzoulavE, Dupont H, Tabah A, Lortholary O, Stah JP, Francais A, et al. Systemic antifungal therapy in critically ill
patients without invasive fungal infection.Crit Care Med 2012;40:813-22.
[3]. Conica E, Azzani AM, Conti M. Epidemiology, incidence and risk factors for invasive candidiasis in high risk
patients. Drugs 2009;69:5-14.
[4]. Pfaller MA, Pappas PG, Wingard JR. Invasive fungal pathogens: Current epidemiological trends. Clin Infect Dis
2006;43:S3-14.
[5]. Gudlaugsson O, Gillepie S, Lee K, Vande Berg J, Hu J, Messer S, et al. Attributable mortality of nosocomial
candidemia, revisited. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1172-7.

Abstract: Stroke patients have significantly higher fibrinogen levels. Previous studies revealed that, hyperfibrinogenemia at the beginning of acute ischemic stroke is associated with increased risk of death within one year after stroke. Little is known about the influence of fibrinogen levels on functional outcome. Aim: Investigate the prognostic influence of the change in the plasma fibrinogen levels after acute ischemic stroke on the functional outcome of the patients. Methods: Fibrinogen levels were determined within 24 hours and at day 5 of stroke onset. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days quantified functional outcomes. Pearson's product correlation coefficient "r" was used to assess linear correlation between fibrinogen levels and mRS................

Keywords: Stroke, fibrinogen, functional outcome.

[1]. Koenig, Wolfgang. Fibrin (ogen) in cardiovascular disease: an update. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2003, 89.4: 601-609.
[2]. Chuang, Shao-Yuan, et al. Fibrinogen independently predicts the development of ischemic stroke in a Taiwanese population Cvdfacts study. Stroke, 2009, 40.5: 1578-1584.
[3]. Ernst, Edzard; RESCH, Karl Ludwig. Fibrinogen as a cardiovascular risk factor: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Annals of Internal Medicine, 1993, 118.12: 956-963.
[4]. Dziedzic, Tomasz. Clinical significance of acute phase reaction in stroke patients. Front Biosci, 2008, 13.1: 2922-2927.
[5]. Del Zoppo, Gregory J., et al. Hyperfibrinogenemia and functional outcome from acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2009, 40.5: 1687-1691.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in caries active and caries free children from a tribal school of wardha district. Materials and method: A total of 40 children aged between 5-14 years were selected by using simple random sampling. They were divided into two groups; Group I and Group II, comprising of age groups 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years, respectively. Both the groups were then sub-divided into caries-active and caries-free groups, with 10 children in each group. 2ml of unstimulated saliva was collected and was stored in glass vials at -20 degree celcius. Estimation of total antioxidant capacity of saliva of each sample was done by Phosphomolybdenum method..............

Keywords: Caries, Saliva, Total antioxidant capacity of saliva

[1]. Dodwad R, Anupama V, Preeti BP. Estimation of total antioxidant capacity levels in saliva of caries-free and caries-active children. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. Jan-Mar 2011;2(1):17-20
[2]. Schipper RG, Silletti E, Vingerhoeds MH. Saliva as research material: biochemical, physicochemical and practical aspects. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52:1114-35.
[3]. Kohen R, Tirosh O, Kopolovich K. The reductive capacity index of saliva obtained from donors of various ages. Exp Gerontol. 1992;27:161-8.
[4]. Battino M, Ferreiro MS, Gallardo I, Newman HN, Bullon P. The antioxidant capacity of saliva. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29:189–194.
[5]. Sahaa MR, Hasana SMR, Aktera R, Hossaina MM, Alamb MS, Alam MA, and Mazumder MEH. In vitro free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract of the leaves of Mimusops elengi Linn. Bangl. J. Vet. Med. 2008;6(2):197–202.

Abstract: Thyroid gland has follicular structure and in follicle the cells are cuboidal in nature. The colloids are filled in follicles. The presence of 'c' cells and its location in thyroid is a considerable difference of opinion among researchers. My present study is done for enhancement of academic knowledge and support of different opinion given in regards to presence and position of 'c' cells in thyroid gland.

Keywords: Thyroid gland, 'C' cells, Follicular, Epifollicular

[1]. Longo, D; Fauci, A; Kasper, D; Hauser, S; jameson J; Loscalzo, J (2012). Harrison‟s principle of internal medicine (18th ed.).new York:Mc Graw-hill.pp.2913, 2918.
[2]. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, Susan standring ; section editors, Meil R Borley; et al. Grays anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice (40th ed.). London:Churchill Livingstone. Pp. 462-464.
[3]. "Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, endocrine surgery, anatomy of the Thyroid Gland". www.endocrinesurgeon.co.uk.
[4]. Yalcin B.; Ozan H (February 2006). "Detailed investigation of the relationship between the inferior laryngeal nerve including laryngeal branches and ligament of berry". Journal of the American College of Surgeons.202(2) :291-6.
[5]. Page,C; Cuvelier, P; Biet, A; Boute, P; M; Strunski, V (july 2009). "thyroid tubercle of zuckerkandl: anatomical and surgical experience from 79 thyroidectomies.: the journal of laryngology and otology.123 (7): 768-71

Abstract: Aim: To comparatively evaluate the dentifrice containing herbal agents and Triclosan/polymer containing PVM/MA in its ability to control Plaque and Gingival inflammation Materials and Methods: Subjects for the study were selected from the outpatient department of Periodontics from a Dental College, Navi Mumbai, India. 60 subjects with established dental plaque and gingivitis were randomly assigned to either Triclosan or Herbal dentifrice group in a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial. The plaque index , sulcus bleeding index and gingival index scores at baseline and 3 weeks were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Paired t-test and Unpaired t-test. A p value of 0.05 was considered for statistical significance..................

Keywords: Triclosan, Herbal, dentifrices, gingivitis, plaque reduction, crossover

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with periodontal disease. J ClinPeriodontol. 1992; 19:802-809.
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(II).Effect on microbiological parameters. J ClinPeriodontol. 2001; 28:947-954.

Abstract: Background: A sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is a rare but distinctive subtype of sex cord stromal tumor of the ovary. Its clinical features depend on an association with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). Sctat not associated with PJS often manifests as a unilateral large mass and 20% of such tumors have malignant potential. Most patients with SCTAT are diagnosed at stage I, and metastasis is rare. Recurrence is not rare and ranges from 3 months to 20 years..............

[1]. Koonings PP, Campbell K, Mishell DR Jr. Grimes DA. Relative frequency of primary ovarian neoplasms: a 10-year review. Obstet Gynecol. 1989; 74:921–6.
[2]. NCCN. Practice guidelines in Oncology v.2.2011 Ovarian Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Carcinomas. 2011.
[3]. Gershenson DM. Management of early ovarian cancer: germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors. Gynecol Oncol. 1994; 55:S62–72.
[4]. Scully RE, Sobin LH. Histological typing of ovarian tumors. In: (World Health Organization international histological classification of tumors.). 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
[5]. ZumkellerW, Krause U, Holzhausen HJ, HirschW, Finke R, Burdach S. Brief report—ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules associated with precocious puberty. Med Pediatr Oncol 2000;35:144–6.

Abstract: Established association exist between haemoglobin genotype and protection against or susceptibility to some disease conditions. We investigated the relationship between haemoglobin genotypes, incidence of diabetes mellitus and its clinical complications. A cross sectional survey design was adopted for this study; questionnaires were developed and filled accordingly. 445 subjects took part in the study, with 244 making up the test group (diabetics) and 221 as control group (non-diabetics). Subjects were interviewed and samples collected during their weekly clinic visit. Analyses were done to determine the blood sugar concentration in both groups. Data were analyzed using Instat Graph pad 2.5a and Chi-Square. Student T-test were employed to compare two set of data..............

Keywords: Clinical Complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Genotype, Haemoglogin, Incidence

[1]. Arulkumaran, N. Clare, M. Marije, L. Merryn, S. Robert, U. and Frederick, W. Purinergic signalling in inflammatory renal disease.
Frontiers in Physiology 2013;4: 194 doi 10.3389/fphys:00194.
[2]. Wilson, R.E. Management of sickle cell disease in primary care. Clinical paediatric (Philadelphia). 2003;42:753-761.
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[4]. Gregory, LaMonte.,Nisha, Philip., Joseph, Reardon., Joshua, R. Translocation of sickle cell erythrocyte MicroRNAs into
plasmodium inhibits parasites translation and contributes to malaria resistance. Cell host and microbes. 2012; 2: 187-199.
[5]. Batts, K.P. Irons overload syndromes and the liver. Modern pathology 2007;20: 31-39.

Abstract: The morphological changes induced by instant noodles food on kidney was evaluated using adult newzealand rabbits. The study was carried out on twenty-two healthy male and female Rabbits, weighing between 0.7-1.5 kg for 63 days. While two rabbits died during the acclimatization period, the remaining rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups A, B, C and D and having five (n=5) each. Group A, is a control fed with normal food only, group B fed with normal food and noodles only, group C fed with normal food and seasoning only and group D fed with normal food and noodles with seasoning. The morphological changes on the kidney of the rabbits was evaluated by histopathologic examination...............

Keywords: Morphological changes,Induced,Instant-noodles,Kidney, New Zealand rabbits

[1]. Brenner BM, Rector FC Jr.(editors). The kindey, 6th ed. 2 vols.
[2]. Chambille I, Serviere J, 1993, Neurotoxic effects of neonatal injections of monosodium L-glutamate on the retinal ganglion cell layer of the golden hamster: Anatomical and functional consequence on the circadian system. J comp Neurol.338(1):67-82.
[3]. Crosbie, G., S. Huang and J. Barclay. 1998.Wheat quality requirements of Asian foods. Euphytica 100: 155-156.
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[5]. Eweka A.O, Om'Iniabors F.A.E. Histological Studies of the effects of monosodium Glutamate on the small intestine of Adult wistar rat. Electron J biomed 2007., 2:14-18.

Abstract: The aim of present study was to observe the noxious effect of Lamotrigine (LTG) in growing liver of mice .The pregnant mice (20-25 g) were treated orally with LTG during organogenesis period i.e. 7th - 9th day of gestation. The treated group received 0.3 ml (60 mg/kg body wt) of stock solution of LTG, whereas the same volume of distilled water was given to control mice via same route. The foetuses of both control and treated group were collected on 18th day of gestation and kept in 10 % formalin for fixation. After 48 hours of fixation, liver were taken out from foetuses and observed for gross anomaly, if any and then photographed. Finally, liver of both groups were processed for histological study..............

Keywords: Foetus, gestation, lamotrigine, liver, noxious, teratogenic.

[1]. EURAP, An International Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy Registry. Interim Report May 2008.
[2]. T. Tomson, I.Ohman, S.Vitols, Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: a case report, Epilepsia, 38(9), 1997, 1039-1041
[3]. I. Ohman, S.Vitols, T. Tomson, Lamotrigine in pregnancy:Pharmacokinetics during delivery in the neonate and during lactation.
Epilepsia, 41(6), 2000, 709-713.
[4]. G.J. de Haan , P. Edelbroek, J. Segers, M Engelsman , D. Lindhout , M. Dévilé-Notschaele , P. Augustijn . Gestation-induced
changes in lamotrigine pharmacokinetics: a monotherapy study, Neurology 63, 2004, 571-3.
[5]. C.H. Fotopoulou, R. Kretz, S. Bauer, J.C. Schefold, B. Schmitz, J.W. Dudenhausen , W. Henrich, Prospectively assessed changes
in lamotrigine-concentration in women with epilepsy during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period. Epilepsy Research. 85,
2009, 60-64.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) in detection and characterization of liver lesions. Lesions in 50 patients were examined by sonography and contrast enhanced CT scan. The sonographic images were reviewed by sonologist and the specific diagnoses by CT were recorded. The diagnostic performances including the characterization of each lesion enhancement as peripheral nodular enhancement, non enhance as well as shape including hypo dense non-enhancing focal lesions, as oval -shape hypo dense hepatic lesion, rounded hypo dense focal hepatic lesion were correlated with the final CT and Sonographic diagnosis..............

Keywords: CT diagnosis, liver lesion, sonography

[1]. Maria Raquel Oliva and Sanjay Saini,Liver cancer imaging: role of CT, MRI, US and PETCancer Imaging (2004) 4, S42–S46
[2]. Sun HC, Tang ZY (2003) Preventive treatments for recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. A literature review of randomized control trials. World J Gastroenterol 9:635-640
[3]. Guo WJ, Yu EX, Liu LM, et al (2003) Comparison between chemoembolization combined with radiotherapy and chemoembolization alone for large hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 9:1697-1701
[4]. Yamasaki T, Kurokawa F, Shirahashi H, et al (2002) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma during occlusion of hepatic blood flow. Comparison with standard percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy. Cancer 95:2353-2360
[5]. Christiane Kulinna and Wolfgang Schima Imaging Features of Hepatic Metastases: CT and MR

Abstract: This study aims to assess the effect of three different adhesive on the colonisation of micro-organisms in completely edentulous patients, by comparing colony counts of Candida species and staphylococcus in saliva of 60 patients, who were explained to use the denture without adhesives for first 14 days and then with adhesives for next 14 days. Serial dilutions were carried out upto 10-5 folds in a saline and were inoculated on to Sabouraud Dextrose agar medium and blood agar plates. All plates were incubated aerobically for 48 h at 37°C..............

Keywords: Candida albicans, Denture adhesives, Denture micro-organisms, Denture stomatitis, Saliva.

[1]. Yasemin Kulak Ozkan1, Mert Uc¸ankale1, Mutlu O¨ zcan2 and Nurver U¨ ner, Effect of denture adhesive on the micro-organisms in vivo ( _ 2011 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology 2012; 29: 9–16).
[2]. Guillermo Pradíes, DDS, Dr Odonta/Ignacio Sanz, DDSb/Ofelia Evans, DDSc/ Francisco Martínez, DDS, Dr Odontd/Mariano Sanz, MD, DDS, Dr Mede, Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy of Two Denture Adhesives in Complete Denture Patients. The International Journal of Prosthodontics 2009; 361-367.
[3]. Benedita Sampaio-Maia1, Maria Helena Figueiral1, Patricia Sousa-Rodrigues1, Maria Helena Fernandes1 and Crispian Scully, The effect of denture adhesives on Candida albicans growth in vitro ( _ 2011 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S, Gerodontology 2012; 29: e348–e356).
[4]. Adisman IK.,The use of denture adhesives as an aid to denture treatment. J Prosthet Dent 1989;62:711–715.
[5]. He T, Zhou X, Becus MS et al. ,Plaque inhibition with denture adhesive use. J Dent Res 2002; 81: 459.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of triphasic spiral Computerized Tomography (CT) Hounsfield (HU) and pattern in differentiating focal liver lesions. Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology:1) Fedail Hospital, 2)Alfaisal Hospital,3) Alzitona Hospital,3) Alturky Center.The study was obtained during the period spanned from January 2015up to August 2016.By convenient sampling, 99 patients who were found to have focal liver lesions were recruited and their triphasic CT scans findings were evaluated..............

Keywords: Liver lesions, Triphasic, Hounsfield, heterogeneous, CT scan

[1]. J. Ueda,Y . Kobayashyi,. Kenkoh, . Koiket, . Kubo,Y . Takanaon D K. Har (1988) Distribution of Water, Fat, and Metals in Normal Liver And In Liver Metastases Influencing Attenuation On Computed Tomography Acta Radiologica 29
[2]. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/CTnumber
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[5]. Hollett, Brooke Jeffrey R, Nino-Murcia M, Jorgensen MJ, Harris DP. (1995)Dual-phase helical CT of the liver: value of arterial phase scans in the detection of small (< 1.5 cm) malignant hepatic neoplasms. AJR; 164:879-884.

Abstract: Aim: A survey was carried out to assess the immunization status of under-5 children in a rural community and its association with mother's educational status and age. Methods: Trained personnel administered pre-tested questionnaires to the mothers of the selected children who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Complete immunization rate is 72.2%, 83.3% for males; 69.5% for females. There is positive correlation between educational status of mothers and immunization of their children. Children of mothers aged less than 20 years of age and of those over 50 years of age have 100% vaccination rate for most of the vaccines but as low as 47.7% among children of mothers aged 20-50 years...............

Keywords: Immunization, Children, Rural, Nigeria

[1]. Armstrong EP. Economic benefits and costs associated with target vaccination. J Manag Care Pharm 2007; 13:12-15.
[2]. Gains S. Vaccination is the best protection. AAP healthy children's magazine 2009;05-11
[3]. World Health Organization. Challenges in global immunization and its global immunization vision and strategy 2006-2015.Weekly Epidemiol Rec 2006; 19: 190-04
[4]. Otten M, Kezaala R, Fall A, Masresha B, Matin R, Cairris L, et al. Public health impact of accelerated measles control in the WHO African Region. Lancet 2005; 369:833-39
[5]. Breiman RF, Streatfield PK, Phelan M, Shifa N, Rasid M, Yunus M. Effect of infant immunization on childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh: Analysis of health and demographic surveillance data. Lancet 2004; 364: 2204-11