iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2017

Abstract: Background: Overall, the incidence of colorectal cancer appears to be stable or diminishing. However, based on our regional cancer institute's datas, we have observed the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in patients ≤40 age. The aim of this study was to verify the rising trend, clinico-pathological features and survival in colorectal cancer in patients ≤40,in comparison to patients >40 age.
Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted to review all patients≤ 40 age and more than 40 year of age separatly with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer from January 2004 to December 2012............

[1]. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (France) 2013. Available from WWW: http://globocan.iarc.fr0 years: an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Cancer. 2010;116: 4354-4359. Johnson I T, Lund E K. Review article: nutrition, obesity and colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(2):161–181.

[2]. Johnson I T, Lund E K. Review article: nutrition, obesity and colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(2):161–181.

[3]. You YN, Xing Y, Feig BW, et al. Young-onset colorectal cancer: is it time to pay attention? Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(3): 287-289.

[4]. Richardson LC, Rim SH. Vital signs: colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 50-75 years United States, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59(26):808-812.

[5]. Berg JS. Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. American Cancer Society: Bal Harbor, FL; 1973. 5

Abstract: Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a very common condition among elderly men causing significant symptoms with urination and results in bladder outlet obstruction. Silodosin is a recently developed selective α1A-adrenoreceptor antagonist for the medical treatment of BPH. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of silodosin 8mg in geriatric patients with BPH. Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study was done at K.S.Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India on 53 patients with BPH during August 2014 to march 2016. These patients were aged ≥ 50 years, with international prostate symptom score(IPSS) of ≥12 and having a peak urinary flow............

Keywords: Silodosin, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, IPSS, Peak flow rate, obstructive symptoms, storage symptoms.

[1]. Berry SJ, Coffey DS, Walsh PC, Edwin LL. The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. J Urol 1984; 132:
474–479.

[2]. Chapple C. Medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. BMJ 1992; 304:1198–1199
[3]. McNicholasT,Kirby R. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). ClinEvid (Online) 2011;
pii: 1801.
[4]. Barry MJ, Cockett AT, Holtgrewe HL, McConnell JD, Sihelnik SA, Winfield HN.Relationship of symptoms of prostatism to
commonly used physiological and anatomical measures of the severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 1993;150: 351– 358.
[5]. Andersson KE, Gratzke C. Pharmacology of a1-adrenoceptor antagonists in the lower urinary tract and central nervous system.
Nat ClinPractUrol 2007; 4: 368–378.

Abstract: Acute postoperative Endophthalmitis is a dreaded and feared complication of cataract surgery. Though meticulous asepsis has managed to bring down the incidence to a great extent, the occurrence of such cases in of concern. Various methods have been advised to prevent and treat postoperative endophthalmitis. However, no single protocol is suitable for all cases. We hereby propose the use of anterior chamber antibiotic wash for management of these cases.

Keywords: Anterior Chamber Antibiotic Wash, Post Operative Enophthalmitis

[1]. Taban M, Behrens A, Newcomb RL, et al. Acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: a systematic review of the literature.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 May. 123(5):613-20.
[2]. West ES, Behrens A, McDonnell PJ, et al. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery among the U.S. Medicare
population increased between 1994 and 2001. Ophthalmology. 2005 Aug. 112(8):1388-94.
[3]. Prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: results of the ESCRS multicenter study and identification
of risk factors. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 Jun. 33(6):978-88.
[4]. Mutoh T, Kadoya K, Chikuda M. Four cases of endophthalmitis after 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012.
6:1393-7.
[5]. 5.Ciulla TA. Update on acute and chronic endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology 1999; 106: 2237–2238.

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging public health problem andis the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), a great threat to health and an economic burden1, particularly in developing countries, because therapy is expensive and life-long. In India ∼90% patients cannot afford the cost2. In India, it has been recently estimated that the age-adjusted incidence rate of ESRD to be 229 per million population3, and >100,000 new patients enter renal replacement programs annually4. The prevalence of CVD was observed to be 17.2% with ~6% have CKD stage 3 or worse5

[1]. Nitta, K., Iimuro, S., Imai, E. et al. Risk factors for increased left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013;17:730.

[2]. Dash SC, Agarwal SK. Incidence of chronic kidney disease in India. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2006;21(1):232-233.

[3]. Modi GK, Jha V: The incidence of end-stage renal disease in India: a population-based study. Kidney Int. 2006;70(12):2131-3.

[4]. Kher V: End-stage renal disease in developing countries. Kidney Int. 2002, 62 (1): 350-62.

[5]. Singh AK, Farag YMK, Mittal BV, Subramanian KK et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in India – results from the SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study. BMC Nephro.2013;14:114.

Abstract: Tobacco ingestion is a habit widely prevalent in India. Tobacco is ingested in many forms such as cigarette,bidi,chewingtobacco,hookah,khaini,Mawa and Dry Snuff etc.1............

[1]. Kulkarni R, Ujwal K et Al. - A Clinico Pathological Study of Upper Gastro Intestinal Endoscopy in Patients with Dyspepsia. Int J Sci Res.2016;4:2319-7064
[2]. American Lung Association Criteria for chronic smoking. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/
[3]. World WHO Databank 2012http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.PRV.SMOK.MA]

[4]. Richter J. Advances in GERD and Current Developments in the Management of Acid-Related GI Disorders. GastroenterolHepatol (N Y).2010 Feb; 6(2): 76–79.

[5]. Aro, P., Ronkainen, J., Storskrubb, T. et al. A study to determine relation between tobacco and gastrointestinal morbidity on endoscopy – Eur J Epidemiol (2010) 25: 741.

Abstract: Background And Aims: The transversusabdominis plane block is a new rapidly expanding regional anesthesia technique that provide analgesia of Anterior abdominal wall surgeries. TransversusAbdomimis Plane block significantly reduces pain associated with lower abdominal surgeries. It may be used as primary anesthesia or Post operative analgesia.The present study aims to "Comparative study of 0.2% Ropivacaine Versus 0.2% Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine in Ultrasound guided TAP block for Post operative Analgesia in Unilateral lower abdominal surgeries............

[1]. KuppuvelumaniP,JjaradiH,DelikanA,Abdominal nerve blocked for post operative analgesia after caesarean section , Asia , Oceania
JobstetGynaecol , 1993 ;
[2]. Song D, Grellich NB , white PF , watcha MF , Tongier WK , Recovesh profile and costs of Anaesthesia for out patients inguinal
Herneorhaphy , AnesthAnalg 2000 , 91:876-81.
[3]. IASP Pain Terminology
[4]. B. D. O‟Donnell, J. G. McDonnell, and A. J. McShane, "The TransversusAbdominis Plane (TAP) block in open retropubic
prostatectomy," Regional Anesthesia and PainMedicine, vol. 31, no. 1, article 91, 2006
[5]. 5.J. Børglum, C. Maschmann, B. Belhage, and K. Jensen, "Ultrasound-guided bilateral dual transversusabdominis plane block: a
new four-point approach," ActaAnaesthesiologicaScandinavica, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 658–663, 2011.

Abstract: To describe the importance of performing MDCT(Multidetector-row computed tomography) in the management of patients with pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect(PA-VSD) and to assess the variations in pulmonary arterial circulation, assessment of major aorto-pulmonary collaterals and other associated anomalies of the cardiovascular system. Methodology: MDCT with intravenous contrast was performed in three adult patients, two of them presented with cyanotic spells and one patient presented with dyspnoea. Various image reformatting techniques including maximum intensity projection (MIP) and curved multi-planar reconstruction(MPR) and volume-rendering technique (VRT) were used............

[1]. R. Rajeshkannan, S. Moorthy, K. P. Sreekumar, P. V. Ramachandran, R. K. Kumar, and K. S. Remadevi, ―Role of 64-MDCT in evaluation of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect,‖ American Journal of Roentgenology, vol. 194, no. 1, pp. 110–118, 2010.
[2]. C. I. Tchervenkov and N. Roy, ―Congenital heart surgery nomenclature and database project: pulmonary atresia—ventricular septal defect,‖ The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, vol. 69, supplement 1, no. 3, pp. S97–S105, 2000
[3]. Liao PK, Edwards WD, Julsrud PR, Puga FJ, Danielson GK, Feldt RH. Pulmonary blood supply in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect.J Am CollCardiol 1985; 6:1343–1350
[4]. Ishibashi N, Shin'oka T, Ishiyama M, Sakamoto T, Kurosawa H. Clinical results of staged repair with complete unifocalization for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Eur J CardiothoracSurg 2007; 32:202–208

Abstract: Objective : To compare the results of vaginal delivery & caesarean section in the management of antepartum eclampsia in primigravidae with more than 34 weeks by gestation, with reference to perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity & mortality. Materials & Methods: This institution based, descriptive study was conducted in the department of obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bankura Sammilani Medicare College & Hospital, Bankura during the period extending from February 2014 to January 2015. A total 100 eclamptic women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria & had no factors mentioned in exclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups for comparative analysis.............

Keywords: Eclampsia, caesarean section, vaginal delivery.

[1]. Dutta DC .Textbook of Obstetrics. 7th Ed. Kolkata: New Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd.; 2011. p. 230-36.
[2]. Cunningham FG, Lenevo KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Williams Obstetrics.24th Ed., McGraw Hill Co. Inc., 2014: 730- 70p.
[3]. Pal B, Geeta N, Vivek P. A study of eclampsia. JObstetGynecol. 1996 Feb; 46(1): 34-39.
[4]. Bhattacharya PK, Purkayastha S, Basu M, Robinsanath M. Caesarean section in eclampsia Still a dilemma. J ObstetGynecol of India 1992 Feb; 42(1): 51-55.
[5]. Lopez-Llera M, Rubio Linares G, Hernandez Horta JL. Maternal mortality rates in eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976 Jan 15; 124(2): 149-55.

Abstract: Objective: To study the knowledge regarding appropriate breast feeding practices and advantage of breast milk among pregnant and lactating women of both urban and rural area. Methods: For studying awareness an interview schedule comprised of open ended question was developed and data was analyzed to see the differences in two independent proportions. Observation: Awareness in various aspects of breast feeding practices was poor particularly among illiterate and most of the rural literate woman due to widespread illiteracy and superstition. About 2/3 rd of educated and 1/2 of the literate of urban area knew that babies should be exclusively breast fed for six months............

Keywords: Awareness, breast feeding practices, pregnant and lactating women, rural & urban.

[1]. Dattabanik N.D. Breast feeding and weaning practices of preschool children in urban community in Delhi. Indpediatr.1975:12:569
[2]. Dattal MS. Feeding practices of infant and children in rural and urban areas a H.P. IndPediatr 1984:21:217
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[4]. Idris MZ etal. Feeding practices and diarrheal episode among rural and urban infants of LucknowInd pediatr,1981:18:311
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Abstract: Out of 100 patients attending outpatient department of Ophthalmology, Sarojini Devi eye hospital Hyderabad, with history of Thyroid disease Thyroid eyedisease is clinically found in 26 patients(26%).Majority of patients with thyroid eye disease are hyperthyroid 23/26(88.5) and 11.5% are hypothyroid(3/26). Type Of Study:Retrospective study Place Of Study:Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital Aim Of The Study: To Study Various Manifestations In Thyroid Eye Disease. Inclusion Criteria: All patient of age 50 years with systemic thyroid disease............

[1]. Prabhakar BS, Bahn RS, Smith TJ. Current perspective on the pathogenesis of Graves' disease and ophthalmology. Endocrinology
Review 2003;24:802-35
[2]. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Apr; 121(4) : 426-34. Chronolgy of Graves-ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohort.
[3]. Indian Journal of ophthalmology Vol.60 No.2 March 2012 Thyroid associatalorbotopathy.
[4]. Tellez M, Cooper J, Edmonds C. Graves ophthalmopathy in relation to cigarette smoking and ethnic origin.
ClinEndocrinol(Oxf)1992;36:291-4
[5]. Kendler DL, Lippa J, Rootman J. The initial clinical characteristics of Grave's orbitopathy vary with age and sex.ArchOphthalmol.
1993; 111(2):197-201.

Abstract: Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different root canal sealers (MTA Fillapex, Real Seal SE, Acroseal and Zinc Oxide Eugenol) against Enterococcus fecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and method : The antimicrobial effect of different root canal sealers was evaluated by the direct contact with agar diffusion method. The freshly prepared mixed sealers were placed in prepared wells of agar plates inoculated with E. faecalis and C.albicans separately. All plates were incubated for 7 days at 37°C under aerobic conditions, and zones of inhibition were measured at 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days. All statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS (PC version 10 software, IBM, NY, USA) statistical software...........

Keywords: Agar Diffusion Test, E.faecalis, C.albicans, Root canal sealers

[1]. Love RM, McMillan MD, Jenkinson HF. Invasion of dentinal tubules by oral streptococci is associated with collagen recognition
mediated by the antigen I/II family of polypeptides. Infect Immun 1997;65:5157‑64.
[2]. Nair PN, Sjogren U, Krey G, Kahnberg KE, Sundqvist G. Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root‑filled, asymptomatic human teeth
with therapy resistant periapical lesions: A long term light and electron microscopic follow up study. J Endod 1990;16:580‑8.
[3]. Baumgartner JC, Watts CM, Xia T. Occurance of Candida albicans in infections of endodontic origin. J Endod 2000;26:695‑8.
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conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med. Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85:86-93.
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21(5):291–9.

Abstract: Anticoagulant induced hematomyelias are rare and a few cases are reported in the literature. They are commonly located in the thoracic cord and are assosciated with a poor prognosis even with aggressive medical and surgical treatment. Only case of anticoagulant induced conus hematomyelia is reported. Here with, we are reporting a case of conus hematomyelia who had an excellent neurological recovery with prompt reversal of anticoagulation and early surgical evacuation of hematoma.

Keywords: Hematomyelia; intramedullary; hematoma; anticoagulants; warfarin.

[1]. Cakirer S, Basak M, Galip GM: Cervical hematomyelia secondary to oral anticoagulant therapy: case report. Neuroradiology 43:1087–8, 2001
[2]. Domenicucci M, Ramieri A, Ciappetta P, Delfini R: Nontraumatic acute spinal subdural hematoma: report of five cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 91:65–73, 1999
[3]. Famularo G, Sajeva MR, Gasbarrone L: Warfarin-associated hematomyelia. Intern Med 53:623–6, 2014
[4]. Kreppel D, Antoniadis G, Seeling W: Spinal hematoma: a literature survey with meta-analysis of 613 patients. Neurosurg Rev 26:1–49, 2003
[5]. Leep Hunderfund AN, Wijdicks EFM: Intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage (hematomyelia). Rev Neurol Dis 6:E54–61, 2009

Abstract: Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of various types of basal cell carcinomas encountered in our practice, to delineate the spectrum in our setup and to determine the different histological patterns, anatomical location, site predilection, and age and sex incidence

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Abstract: Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a set of congenital malformations attributed toamniotic bands that entangle fetal parts during intrauterine life, which results in a broad spectrum of anatomic disturbances - ranging from minor constriction rings and lymphedema of the digits to complex, bizarre multiple congenital anomalies incompatible with life. ABS should be considered in every newborn with congenital anomalies, especially defects of extremities and/or body walls. ABS can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound; otherwise, the defects are seen after birth. Child's karyotyping is............

Keywords: Amniotic band syndrome , ultrasound, karyotyping.

[1]. Nardozza LMM, Araujo E, Caetano ACR, Moron AF. Prenatal Diagnosis of Amniotic Band Syndrome in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy using 3D Ultrasound. J Clin Imaging Sci [Internet]. India: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; 2012;2:22.
[2]. Merrimen JL, McNeely PD, Bendor-Samuel RL, Schmidt MH, Fraser RB. Congenital placental–cerebral adhesion: an unusual case of amniotic band sequence.
[3]. J Neurosurg 2006; 104(5 Suppl): 352–5
[4]. KutluDilek TU, Yazici G, Gulhan S, Polat A, DilekB,Dilek S. Amniotic Band Syndrome Associated With Cranial Defects and EctopiaCordis: A Report of Two
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Abstract: Infection by soil-transmitted helminth is not opportunistic infection, however, studies among HIV infected patients (adults and children) showed significantly higher prevalence rates of helminthic infection compared to controls. This study was done to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminthic infection in HIV infected children in Abakaliki. It was a cross sectional study that involved consecutive recruitment of 84 confirmed HIV infected children and equal number of age and gender matched HIV negative children as controls. Stool analysis for both subjects and controls was done, using the Kato-Katz technique. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information............

Keywords: helminth infection, helminth intensity, Kato-Katz kit, regular de-worming

[1]. Enobong I, Anochie CI. Intestinal helminthic Infection. In: Azubuike JC, Nkanginieme KEO eds. Paediatric and Child Health in a Tropical Region, 2nd edition. African Educational Services, Owerri, Nigeria. 2007; 438-44.
[2]. De Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L. Soil transmitted infections: Updating the global picture. Trends Parasitol 2003; 19:547-551.
[3]. Oguanya FC, Okogun GRA, Akhile AO, Eloka CCV, Okoro CJ, Okpe AL. Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth infections among public primary school pupils in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. I J Comm. Res. 2012; 1:30-34.
[4]. Shehu MM, Kabiru A, Abubakar U, Mohammed K. Prevalence of intestinal helminth infection among school children in relation to occupation of parents and toilet facilities in Manu L.G.A, Zamfara State. J Bio Agric Healthcare. 2013;3: 87-90.
[5]. Odikamnaro OO, Ikeh IM. Prevalence of common intestinal nematode infection among primary school children in Kpirikpiri community of Abakaliki, Nigeria. Niger. J Parasitol. 2004; 24:71-79.

Abstract: Sickle cell disease, a genetically determined disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Nigeria, a country with the highest burden of the disease in the world. Information cited in this article was mainly from published works on this subject in Nigeria and elsewhere. The information was extracted over a period of 5months from May 2015 to September2015, from hard copies of scientific Journals, Google search, Pubmed and Hinari websites.............

Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Nigeria.

[1]. Umar M.Sickle cell anaemia: Prevention and control.2010 http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEW5314.HTM. Accessed august 1st 2014

[2]. Konotey-Ahulu. The history and Geographical Distribution of Sickle Cell. In, The Sickle Cell Patient. London: P Watford Tetteh Adomeno Company,1996, 75-90.
[3]. Allan NC, Disease of Blood. In: John M (ed) Davidson Principle and Practice of Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 14th ed 1984..
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[5]. Carl HS, Denis RM. The Hereditary Heamoglobinpathies. In Blood Disease of Infancy and Childhood, Sain Louis: The CV Mosby Company 1972. 353 – 449

Abstract: Introduction: Data regarding gender related differences in serological and haematological findings of dengue infection is lacking in Indian settings especially in Central part of India where dengue is endemic. Objectives: To study seroepidemiology and association of serological and haematological findings with gender in dengue seopositive patients. Methods: 1071 dengue suspected patients attending to hospital from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015 were included. Their serum samples were tested for NS1 antigen and IgM and IgG antibodies by immunochromatographic test. Total leucocytes count (TLC) and platelet counts of seropositive patients were noted. Association of laboratory findings were correlated with gender by using Chi-square test and P value was obtained..............

Keywords: Dengue, Gender, Leucopoenia, Seroepidemiology, Thrombocytopenia

[1]. John T. Roehrig and Duane J. Gubler, Flaviviruses in Brian WJ Mahy and Wolker Ter Meulen,Topley and Wilson's Microbiology
and Microbial Infections. Virology Vol.2, 10th Edition (UK: John Wiley& Sons Ltd., 2009)1000-01.
[2]. World Health Organisation/Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). Dengue: Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment,
prevention and control (New edition). Geneva, Switzerland: Chapter 4, Laboratory diagnosis and diagnostic tests;
WHO/HTM/NTD/DEN/2009:91-110.
[3]. Annual report 2014-15, Government of India,National Vector Borne disease control programme, Directorate general of health
services ,Ministry of health & family welfare
[4]. Blacksell SD. Commercial Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Point-of-Care Application: Recent Evaluations and Future Needs? J
Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:Article ID 151967 (Available from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2012/151967/ as
accessed on 12/11/2016)
[5]. Kosasih H, Alisjahbana B, Widjaja S, Nurhayati, de Mast Q, Parwati I, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic value of dengue nonstructural
1 antigen detection in a hyper-endemic region in Indonesia. PLoS One 2013;8:e80891

Abstract: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a common chronic pain condition of unknown etiology and indefinite cure. It mainly affects postmenopausal women at their 5th to 7th decade. It has a grave impact on quality of life, interfering with eating, drinking and other daily functions. Although the etiology remains obscure, recent evidence suggests BMS to be a neuropathic in nature. Diagnosis of BMS is quiet challenging for dental practitioners and is basically based on careful analysis of symptoms reported by the patient..............

Keywords: Burning mouth syndrome, diagnosis, management

[1]. Beneng K, Renton T. Pain Part 8: Burning Mouth Syndrome. Dental update. 2016;43(3):254-6, 9-62, 65-6.
[2]. Al-Maweri SA, Javed F, Kalakonda B, AlAizari NA, Al-Soneidar W, Al-Akwa A. Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy in the
Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy. 2017;17:188-93
[3]. Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache
Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia. 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160.
[4]. Yang HW, Huang YF. Treatment of burning mouth syndrome with a low-level energy diode laser. Photomedicine and laser surgery.
2011;29(2):123-5.
[5]. Sun A, Wu KM, Wang YP, Lin HP, Chen HM, Chiang CP. Burning mouth syndrome: a review and update. Journal of oral
pathology & medicine. 2013;42(9):649-55.

Abstract: The cartilage lesion in bones can be on the surface or inside the bone. Cartilage lesions in medullary cavity of bone is called Enchondroma. Enchondromas consists of 3-10 % of all bone tumours and 12-24% of benign tumours . They are most commonly found in young age group and in bones of hands and feet. Malignant counterpart is called as chondrosarcoms. Presence of enchondromas in older age group and in atypical site leads to some degree of controversy as to the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. We here present a case of 65 years male patient who presented with history of pain in left knee. Radiological examination and mri was done along with truecut biopsy..............

Keywords: Combination of allograft and autograft, Enchondroma ,rare site distal femur.

[1]. Walden MJ ,Murphy MD , Vidal JA , Incidental enchondromas of the knee. AJR Am Roentgenol , 2008 ,190(6):1611-15
[2]. Edward M , Jewusiak , Kenneth F Spence , Kenneth W Sell . Solitary Benign Enchondroma Of The Long Bones Of The Hand . JBJS Am 1971 Dec 53(8) 1587-1590
[3]. Yalcinkaya M, Akman YE, Bagatur AE . Recurrent Metacarpal Enchondroma Treated With Strut Allograft 14 Year Follow Up. Pubmed orthopedics , 2015 july 1, 38(7) e647-50.
[4]. Campbells Operative Orthopaedics , 12 th edition , Tumours . Benign Bone Tumours And Nonneoplastic Conditions Simulating Bone Tumours, Vol 1 , S Terry Canale, James H Beaty, Page 865.
[5]. Tureks Orthopaedics : Principles and their Application, 4th edition , Vol 1, Samuel L Turek, Page 599.

Abstract: Intramuscular haemangiomas (IMHs) of masseter muscle are extremely rare in head and neck region and often misdiagnosed as parotid tumours. We report a case of a 40 yrs old female who presented with a progressive non tender swelling onright side of face for more than 12 months. MRI and Doppler USG of parotid region revealed a heterogeneous highly vascularized mass located deep to masseter muscle. Patient underwent surgical resection viaretrograde tracing of facial nerve branches and without need for superficial parotidectomy. Pathological examination of resected mass revealed a cavernousIMH

Keywords: Intramuscular haemangioma, masseter muscle, superficial parotidectomy.

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[2]. Narayanan CD, Prakash P and Dhanasekaran CK, Intramuscular haemangioma of the masseter muscle, a case report, Cases J 2009, 7459-7460.
[3]. Zengin AZ, Celenka P and Sumer AP, Intramuscular haemangioma presenting with multiple phleboliths, a case report, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 15, 2013, 32-36.
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Abstract: Background: Many studies have reported that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have been prone to develop infectious, malignant and abnormality of the immune function. Objective: This study was designed to measure response of selected innate immune system to aerobic exercise training among obese DS children. Materials and Methods: Forty DS obese male and female children participated in this study, the range of their age 12 to 16 years and were enrolled in 2 equal study groups; the first group practiced aerobic exercise training for 3 months, whereas the second group received no intervention..............

Keywords: Aerobic exercise; Down syndrome; Innate Immune System; Obesity.

[1]. Tanaka Y, Abiko Y, Mega J. The relationship between premature ageing and immune responses in the oral cavity of Down
syndrome. Japanese Dental Science Review. 2010; 46(1): 78-85.
[2]. Bloemers BL, van Bleek GM, Kimpen JL, Bont L. Distinct Abnormalities in the Innate Immune System of Children with Down
syndrome. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2010; 156 (5): 804-809.e5.
[3]. Weijerman ME, van Furth AM, Vonk NA, van Wouwe JP, Broers CJ and Gemke RJ. Prevalence, neonatal characteristics, and firstyear
mortality of Down syndrome: A National study. J Pediatr. 2008; 152: 15–19.
[4]. Donath M, Shoelson S. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011: 11:98–107.
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Abstract: Background: Proximal humeral fracture whether caused by trauma or related to osteoporosis, requires carefully planned individual treatment. The choice of technique and devices depends on quality of bone, soft tissue, age and reliability of patients. However the goal of proximal humerus fracture fixation should be stable reduction, allowing early motion of fracture. Objectives: To analyze fractures of the proximal humerus that were treated either with the proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) locking plate or percutaneous K wire and document their clinical and functional outcome.............

Keywords: Proximal humerus, Constant-Murley score, PHILOS , K wire

[1]. Court Brown CM,Caesar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: A review Injury 2006;37:691-697.
[2]. Terry Canale's Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, Vol-3: 9th edition, 1998 Mosby Publishers, USA Pg 2286-2296.
[3]. Steven .H.Rose Joseph Melton Bernard.F.Morrey et al Epidemiological features of humeral fractures Clin. Orthop-1982:168:24-30.
[4]. RL Sahu : Philos Locking plates in proximal humerus fractures literature review..The Internet Journal of Health. 2010 Volume 11
[5]. Bigliani LU, Flatow EL, Pollock RG. Fractures of the proximal humerus In: Rockwood CA, Green DP, Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, eds. Fractures In adults. Philadelphia, etc: Lippincott-Raven, 1996: 1055-107.

Abstract: Fter delivery women is very weak due to extreme fatigue, because of straining and loss of blood. In Ayurveda, after delivery women is termed as 'Sutika' and the stage of life is 'Sutikavastha'. If proper daily regimen is not followed, she became more prone to diseases that becomes difficult to treat or incurable. To maintain her normal conditions by subsiding vata dosha and increasing Agni, the drug 'sahacharadi kwath' is used. To assess effect of Sahacharadi kwatha in sutikavastha, 30 PNC patients were selected for the study and findings were recorded on certain days of puerperium.........

Keywords: Sutika, Sahacharadi kwatha, Vataghna, puerperium, involution, lactation.

[1]. Vridhajivaka, Kashyap Samhita with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by D.S. Bahishjyaratnamani, 8th Edition Chauckhamba Prakashan, Khilasthana, chapter 11 verse no. 6.
[2]. Vridhajivaka, Kashyap Samhita with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by D.S. Bahishjyaratnamani, 8th Edition Chauckhamba Prakashan,. Khilasthana, chapter 11, pg no 308.
[3]. BhaavMishra, 'Bhāv Prakasha' Part-1 Vidyotini Hindi commentary by Bramhasankara Misra & Rupalalji Vaisya, Ninth edition, Coukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, madhyama khanda sutrasthana 35 .
[4]. Sushrutaacharya, Sushrut samhitaa with Nibandhsangraha commentary of Sri Dalhanaacharya edited by yadavji trikamji acharaya, eigth edition, Chaukhamba Orienatalia,
[5]. Caharakaacharya, Charak Samhitaa, with hindi commentary 'Vaidya manorama' by Acharya Vidyadhar Shukla and Prof. Ravi Dutt Tripathi, Second edition, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan.

Abstract: Aim: To compare the incidence of chronic pain after Transinguinal preperitoneal (TIPP) mesh repair versus Lichtenstein mesh repair in unilateral inguinal hernia. Methods: Patients presenting with Primary unilateral groin hernia and Age between 18 and 80 years were included in the study while patients with Recurrent hernia, Acute Incarcerated inguinal hernia , History of previous preperitoneal surgery (eg. radical prostatectomy) were excluded from the study. All the cases were divided by Alternate Allocation method. Follow-up was done after 3months and 6 months. Results: A total of 308 patients were randomized to TIPP (154) or Lichtenstein (154) repair. Baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. Significantly fewer patients in the TIPP group had continuous...........

Keywords: Chronic pain, Preperitoneal space,, TIPP

[1]. Nyhus Lloyd M , Robert E Codon Ed .The pre-peritoneal approach & illiopubic tract repair of inguinal hernia . Hernia J B
Lippincott Co philadelphia 1995
[2]. Nicholson S 1999 . Inguinal hernia repair . British journal of surgery 86
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Ellis,USA,Appleton Lange
[4]. Robert J. Fitzgibbons Jr. inguinal hernia, chap 36, Schwartz Principles of surgery,In: Charles Brunicardi, Dana K. Anderson, Mc
Graw Hill
[5]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22961514Randomized clinical trial of chronic pain after the transinguinal preperitoneal
technique compared with Lichtenstein's method for inguinal hernia repair.

Abstract: The presence of a periampullary duodenal diverticulum (PDD) is often observed during upper digestive tract barium meal studies and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The impact of periampullary duodenal diverticulum for the formation of gallstones in the bile duct (choledocholithiasis) is widely accepted. In this study it using logistic regression modeling the appearance of choledocholithiasis depending periampullary duodenal diverticulum, to confirm the connection between them..............

Keywords: Periampullary duodenal diverticulum, choledocholithiasis, logistic regression

[1]. ChomelJ.Duodenal Diverticula.Br. J. Radiol., 1933 ,№6,р: 577-587.
[2]. Emmanuel C, Konstantinos V, Konstantinos B, Konstantinos T, DimitriosB. Feasibility of Therapeutic Endoscopic
RetrogradeэCholangiopancreatography for Bile Duct Stones inNonagenarians: a Single Unit Audit. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis.
December, 2008 Vol.17, No 4, р.427-432
[3]. Chandy G, Hart WJ, Roberts-Thomson IC. An analysis of the relationship between bile duct stones and periampullary duodenal
diverticula. J Gastroenterol Hepatol.,1997 Jan;№12(1), р:29-33.
[4]. Li ZH, Chen M, Liu JK, Ding J, Dong JH. Endoscopic shincterotomy in treatment of cholangiopancreatic diseases. World J
Gastroenterol 2005;11 (17),р:2678-2680
[5]. Tan NC, Ibrahim S, Chen CM, Tay KH. Periampullary diverticulum causing biliary stricture and obstruction. Singapore Med J
2005;46, р:250–251.

Abstract: The histomorphological effects of caffeine on the developing cerebral cortex of rats were carefully studied. Thirty adult female rats were mated and pregnant female rats were divided into three major groups, namely A, B and C. Each group had ten pregnant rats. Group A served as the control and were served distilled water. Groups B and C received 50 mg and 90 mg/kg per body weight of caffeine (Sigma-Aldrich). On the 20th day of gestation, five pregnant rats were randomly selected from each of the groups making a total of fifteen pregnant rats which were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation method..............

Keywords: Morphology, caffeine, cerebral cortex, wistar rats.

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