iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2017

Abstract: Eventration of the diaphragm is generally regarded as a condition in which the left or the right leaf of the diaphragm has ascended abnormally high into the chest. In rare cases both leaves are elevated.Congenital eventration of diaphragm is due to maldevelopment of muscular portion of the hemidiaphragm. Acquired eventration is usually the result of a injury to the roots of the phrenic nerve .This entity is most often is incidentally detected on chest radiographs and frequently asymptomatic. It usually is identified at young years of life its diagnosis in a mature or old patients is rare.We here are presenting a case report series of 3 patients with respiratory distress and variable symptoms due to Eventration of diaphragm with gastric volvulus.

[1]. J. Mouroux, N. Venissac, F. Leo, M. Alifano, F. Guillot,Surgical treatment of diaphragmatic eventration using video assisted thoracic surgery: a prospective study, Ann. Thorac. Surg. 79 (2005) 308–312.
[2]. T.W. Shields, Diaphragmatic function, diaphragmatic paralysis,andeventration of the diaphragm, in: T.W. Shields, J. Locicero,R.B. Ponn, V.W. Rusch (Eds.), General Thoracic Surgery,Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, 2005, pp. 740–745.
[3]. Irving MI, Booker PO: Eventration of the diaphragm and
[4]. diaphragmatic paralysis, In: Lister J, Irving 1M (eds), Neonatal
[5]. Surgery. Boston: Butterworths, pp. 213-216, 1990.

Abstract: Background: Breast i s host to many di seases which range f rom benign and mal ignant n e o p l a s m ' s , i n f l a m m a t o r y c o n d i t i o n s t o i n f e c t i o n s , m o s t o f w h i c h p r e s e n t a s l u m p s i n t h e b r e a s t . B r e a s t l u m p s a r e o n e o f t h e c o m m o n e s t c o m p l a i n s e n c o u n t e r e d i n s u r g i c a l O P D ' s which makes i t important to di f ferent iate between benign and mal ignant condi t ions before treat ing i t . The succes sful diagnosi s of the di sease i s based on a thorough under standing of normal anatomy, phys iologic and pathologic features of the breas t .............

[1]. Brancato B. Accuracy of needle biopsy of breast lesions visible on ultrasound:audit of fine needle versus core needle biopsy in 3233
consecutive samplings with ascertained outcomes. Breast 2012 Aug:21(4):449-54.
[2]. S M Willems, C H M van Deurzen, P J van Diest. Diagnosis of breast lesions: fine-needle aspiration cytology or core needle
biopsy? A review. Group.bmj.com 2011Oct29.

[3]. Poole G H. Diagnosis of breast cancer with core-biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology. Australian and New Zealand Journal of
Surgery 1996 Sep Vol.66 Issue 9:592-594.
[4]. Zardawi I M. The role and histological classification of needle core biopsy in conjunction with fine needle aspiration cytology in the
preoperative assessment of breast lesions. Australian Journal 2001Feb.
[5]. Westenend P J, Sever A R, Beekman H J C, Liem S J. A comparison of aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in the evaluation
of breast lesions. Cancer Cytopathology 2001 Feb Vol.93 Issue 2:146-150.

Abstract: Cystosarcomaphyllodes/serocystic disease of Brodie constitutes only 0.3-0.9% of all breast tumors and only 3-6% of that are malignant.It usually occurs in women over the age of 40 years.We present a case of 45 year old female presented with swelling of left breast for 8 months with no pain or nipple discharge. On examination Left breast was grossly enlarged and distorted .Nipple areolar complex displaced with dilated veins noted with no chest wall or skin fixity.No axillary lymphadenopathy.Ultrasonogram breast showedIlldefined lobulated iso hypoechoic-entire breast with increased vascularity and internal cystic areas.............

Keywords: Giant fibroadenoma,MalignantPhylloidestumor,Simple mastectomy

[1]. Kishori Moni Panda, Reena Naik;AClinicopathological Study of Benign PhyllodesTumour of Breast with Emphasis on Unusual
Features;J ClinDiagn Res. 2016 Jul; 10(7): Ec14–Ec17
[2]. Sawyer, EJ, Hanby AM, Ellis P, Lakhani SR, Ellis IO, Boyle S, Tomlinson IPM. Molecular analysis of phyllodestumours reveals
distinct changes in the epithelial and stromal components. Am J Pathol.2000;156:1093–98
[3]. Bhargav PR, Mishra A, Agarwal G, Agarwal A, Verma AK, Mishra SK; Phyllodestumour of the breast: clinicopathological analysis
of recurrent vs. non-recurrent cases. Asian J Surg. 2009;32(4):224.
[4]. Barth RJ Jr et al; Histologic features predict local recurrence after breast conserving therapy of phyllodes tumors. Breast Cancer Res
Treat. 1999;57(3):291.
[5]. Kapiris I, Nasiri N, A'Hern R, Healy V, Gui GP ; Outcome and predictive factors of local recurrence and distant metastases
following primary surgical treatment of high-grade malignant phyllodestumours of the breast. Eur J SurgOncol. 2001;27(8):723.

Abstract: Background: Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis and pulmonary emphysema are commonly associated, showing bilateral upper zone emphysema and bilateral fibrosis of lower lung fields. It's a progressive disease characterized by restrictive lung function and decrease gaseous exchange. Objective: To differentiate this disease entity early from other fibrotic diseases. To start the treatment at early stage. Method: A Case series of 9 patients diagnosed with CPFE disease at SBKS MIRC included in the study................

Keywords: CPFE, misdiagnosis, adult-onset, senile, elderly, copd.

[1]. Wiggins J , Strickland B , Turner-Warwick M . Combined cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and emphysema: the value of high resolution computed tomography in assessment . Respir Med . 1990 ; 84 ( 5 ): 365 – 369.
[2]. Jankowich M, Rounds S. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Syndrome. Chest. 2012;141(1):222-231.\
[3]. Epaud R, Delestrain C, Louha M, Simon S, Fanen P, Tazi A. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome associated with ABCA3 mutations. European Respiratory Journal. 2013;43(2):638-641.
[4]. Cottin V, Nunes H, Mouthon L, Gamondes D, Lazor R, Hachulla E et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome in connective tissue disease. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2010;63(1):295-304.
[5]. Washko G, Hunninghake G, Fernandez I, Nishino M, Okajima Y, Yamashiro T et al. Lung Volumes and Emphysema in Smokers with Interstitial Lung Abnormalities. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;364(10):897-906.

Abstract: Background and objectives: Type 2 DM is the most prevalent form of diabetes mellitus seen in India. It constitutes more than 95% of diabetic population out of which 50% are undiagnosed and their mode of presentation varies considerably. Their glycemic status at diagnosis will be high and will have long standing hyperglycemia. Objectives : To find out the various pattern of presentation, prevalence of obesity and family history, frequency and severity of complication, their glycemic status at diagnosis. Methods: A total of 100 patients who were diagnosed as Type 2 DM on WHO criteria were included in this study. Patient with history of acute infection, pregnant women, on steroids, beta blockers and diuretics were excluded..................

Keywords:FBS - fasting blood sugar, PPBS – post prandial blood sugar, IHD – Ischemic heart disease, HbA1c – Glycosylated hemoglobin

[1]. Simon D. Epidemiological features of type 2 diabetes.Rev Prat 2010;60(4):469-7
[2]. ADA 2003 position statement. Diabetes care, column 26, supplement 1, January2003, page 21.
[3]. Shoback, edited by David G Gardner, Dolores (2011). Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology (9th Ed.). New York: McGraw-
Hill Medical. pp. Chapter 17. ISBN 0-0 7-1 62243-8.
[4]. Vijan 5, Stemens DZ, Herman WH, et al. Screening, prevention, counseling and treatment for complications of type II diabetes
mellitus. Pitting incidence into practice. OrvHetil 1997 Aug 31; 138(35): 2175- 2178.
[5]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics
2011, data from the National Health Interview Survey. Data computed by personnel in CDC's Division of Diabetes Translation,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

Abstract: Introduction: Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is a major public health problem in India .stroke presents as an emergency clinical situation. The risk factors of stroke are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking etc,. the association between lipoprotein (a) and cardiovascular mortality is well established. This study establishes stroke severity in relation to lipoprotein (a). Objective: To determine the association of serum levels of liporotein(a) association of stroke severity in stroke patients admitted in Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai..............

Keywords: Lipoprotein(a), stroke, LDL, HDL, Hypertension.

[1]. Caplan LR. Caplan's stroke: A clinical approach.3rd Edn. Newyork: Butterworth Heieman;1996. p.5-12.
[2]. Warlow C. Stroke, transient ischemic attacks, and intracranial venous thrombosis. In: Donaghy M, Editor. Brain's diseases of the nervous
system.11th Edn. Newyork: Oxford university press; 2001 p.789-793.
[3]. Poungavarin N. Strokes in developing countries. Lancet1998;352:(SIII)19-22. Bonita R. Epidemiology of Stroke.
Lancet 1992;339:342 – 347.
[4]. Das SK, Banerjee TK, Biswas A et al. A prospective community based study of stroke in Kolkata, India. Stroke 2007;38:906-10.
[5]. Garraway WM, Wishnant JP, Drury I. The continuing decline in the incidence of stroke. Mayo clinProc1983;58:520-3.

Abstract: A 59 Years Old Male Patient Presented With Onset ,Gradually Progressive In Nature And Painless. It Was Associated With Metamorphopsia. No H/O Of Similar Complaints In The Family. Bcva Re- 20/70 N36, Le- 20/30 N6. Ase (Ou)- With In Normal Limit. Fundoscopy: (Re)- Yellowish Oval Shaped Complaints Of Diminution Of Vision In Right Eye Since 2 Years. It Was Insidious In Lesion In The Macular Area Of About 1.5 Dd Resembling Egg Yolk .(Le) With In Normal Limits.Ffa And Oct Was Advised...........

Key words: Avmd, Best Disease, Macular Dystrophy, Pattern Dystrophy, Vitelliform Lesion.

[1]. Gass Jdm. A Clinicopathologic Study Of A Peculiar Foveomacular Dystrophy. Trans Am Ophthalmolsoc 1974; 72: 139–156.
[2]. Gass Jdm. Stereoscopic Atlas Of Macular Diseases: Diagnosis And Treatment, 2nd Edn. Mosby-Year Book, Inc: St Louis, 1977, P 170.
[3]. Patrinely Jr, Lewis Ra, Font Rl. Foveomacularvitelliform Dystrophy, Adult Type. A Clinicopathologic Study Including Electron Microscopic Observations. Ophthalmology 1985; 92: 1712–1718.
[4]. Burgess Db, Olk Rj, Uniat Lm. Macular Disease Resembling Adult Foveomacularvitelliform Dystrophy In Older Adults. Ophthalmology 1987; 94: 362–366.
[5]. Vine Ak, Schatz H. Adult Onset Foveomacular Pigment Epithelial Dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 1980; 89: 680.

Abstract: Background: Associated orbito-ocular injuries do occasionally occur in acute head trauma patients. However there are scanty studies of patterns of orbito-ocular injuries in head trauma patient using computed tomography. Aim :To determine the prevalence and pattern of orbital- ocular injuries in patients with acute head trauma. Methods :A retrospective review of one hundred and forty-three cases of acute head trauma sent for computed tomography evaluation over a period of twelve months (July 2015-July 2016) at the University of Abuja teaching hospital Gwagwalada, (UATH) Abuja FCT,Nigeria was carried out. The computed tomographic images and results were reviewed for presence of associated orbito-ocular injuries. Demographic characteristics of the patients, and detailed information about aetiologyand the severity of the head trauma were also recorded.............

Keywords: Computed tomography, ocular findings, acute head trauma

[1]. ChalyaLP,KanumbaSE,MabulaBJ,GiitiG,Gliyoma MJ. Aetiology, spectrum, injury charasteristics and treatment outcomeof head
injury patients at Bugando medical center North-western Tanzania. Tanzania J. Health Res 2011.1:93-102 .
[2]. EmejuluJKC,EkweogwuCO,Nottidge T. The burden of motorcycle-related neurotrauma in South-east Nigeria.
J.Clin.Med.Res.2009;1:13-17.
[3]. Taber KH, Warden DL, Hurley RA (2006). Blast related traumatic brain injury: what is known? J.Neuropsychiatr.Clin. Neurosci.
18: 141-5.
[4]. Masila F, Kiboi JG, Marco S, Njuguna M (2014). Ocular findings in patients with head injury. Int. J of Med. and Clin. Sciences,
1(2): 009-017.
[5]. Güzel M, Erenler AK, Niyaz L, Baydın A. Management of traumatic eye injuries in the emergency department. OA Emergency
Medicine 2014 Jan 18;2(1):2.

Abstract: Background: Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue that regulates a number of physiological processes and behaviors including appetite, body weight, neuroendocrine functions and glycaemia. These effects are mediated via actions on leptin receptors (LepRs) expressed by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of leptin levels in T2DM patients compared with controls and to determine the association of leptin with malondialdehyde (MDA)...........

Keywords: Leptin, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Malondialdehyde (MDA)

[1]. Soares AL, Fernandes AP, Cardoso JE, Sousa MO, Lasmar MC, Novelli BA, Lages GF, Dusse LM, Vieira LM, Lwaleed BA,
Carvalho MG. Plasma total homocysteine levels and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism in patients with type
2 diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2008; 36(5):275-81.
[2]. Meier U, Gressner AM. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism. Review of pathobiochemical and clinical chemical aspects of
leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and resistin. Clin Chem 2004; 50: 1511-1525.
[3]. Matsuda M, Shimomura I, Sato M, et al Role of adiponectin in preventing vascular stenosis. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 27487-27491.
[4]. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human
homologue. Nature. 1994; 372: 425-432.
[5]. Margetic S, Gazzola C, Pegg GG, Hill RA. Leptin: a review of its peripheral actions and interactions. Int J Obes Relat Metab
Disord. 2002; 26: 1407-1433.

Abstract: Introduction: The combined spinal epidural technique involves intentional subarachnoid blockade and epidural catheter placement during the same procedure. Ideally it combines the best features of spinal and epidural blockade and avoids their respective disadvantages. With the combined spinal epidural techniques, surgical anaesthesia was rapidly established saving 15 to 20 minutes, compared with epidural anaesthesia. This study attempts to qualitate the newer regional anaesthetic approaches with regard to the provision of adequate anaesthesia and analgesia with minimal side effects.............

Keywords: CSE, Time of onset & duration of analgesia, motor lockade.

[1]. Puolakka, R, Pitkanen, M T and Rosenberg, P H , "Comparison of the technical and block characteristics of different combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia techniques" Reg-Anesth -Pain-Med. 2001; 26 (1) : pp 17-25.
[2]. Narinder, Rawal, et al., "The combined spinal epidural technique. Anaesth Clin of North America, June 2000; vol. 18(2): pp 267-295.
[3]. Gallinger, EIV, et al., "Combined spinal epidural anaesthesia in operations on the vessels of the lower extremities". Anesteziol-Reanimatol; 1999 (5) : pp 44-48.
[4]. Nickals, R W D and Dennison B, "A Modification of the combined spinal and epidural technique (letter) anaesthesia" 1994; 39: pp 935-936.
[5]. Keshav, Sharma, Pramila, Chari, and Sanjeeva, Guptha , "Combined Spinal and epidural anaesthesia for lower limb orthopaedic procedures." Journal of Anesthesiology clinical pharmacology. 1994; 10:pp 257-260

Abstract: Completely edentulous ridges and their residual ridge resorption are two inevitable physiologic/ pathologic processes which cause functional and esthetic impairment of the patient. Sometimes in cases where ridge resorption is more and artificial denture is not able to support facial soft tissues adequately; it leads to sunken/hollow cheek appearance. Such cases are ideal candidates for cheek plumper. However, these appliances stretch cheeks away from denture flange resulting in loss of vacuum seal, hence poor retention.........

Keywords: Slumped/hollow/sunken cheeks, cheek plumper, complete denture, esthetics.

[1]. Waliszewski M. Restoring dentate appearance: A literature review for modern complete denture esthetics. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 93:386-94.
[2]. Martone AL (1964) Effects of complete dentures on facial esthetics. J Prosthet Dent 14(2):231–255.
[3]. Bains JW, Elia JP. The role of facial skeletal augmentation and dental restoration in facial rejuvenation. Aesthet Plast Surg 1994; 18(3):243–246.

Abstract: Acromegaly is a rare, chronic, progressive disease characterized by an excess secretion of growth hormone (GH) and increased circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels. It is caused by a pituitary adenoma in the vast majority of cases. Catalase is a tetrameric protein of 244 kDa, comprising four identical subunits of 59.7 kDa. Each subunit contains 527 amino acid residues. CAT is responsible for degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It is protective enzymes that coexist in nearly all animal cells. The aim of this study is Estimation of oxidative stress in serum by measuring catalase enzyme in acromegalic group............

Keywords: Acromegaly, Catalase, kinetics, thermodynamic.

[1]. Dineen R., Stewart PM., Sherlock M.(2016) Acromegaly.QJM.
[2]. Maffezzoni F, Formenti AM, Mazziotti G, Frara S, Giustina A.(2016) Current and future medical treatments for patients with
acromegaly;17(12):1631-42.
[3]. Yunanto, A., Gunawan, P., Iskandar, I., & Suhartono, E. (2015). Effect of Antibitiotic Applications on Salivary Amylase and
Catalase Kinetic Parameters on Neonatal at Risk of Sepsis In Vitro. International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological
Research, 7(6);269-273.
[4]. Krishnamurthy, P., & Wadhwani, A. (2012). Antioxidant enzymes and human health. Intech open access publisher.
[5]. Kodydková, J., Vávrová, L., Kocík, M., & Zak, A. (2014). Human catalase, its polymorphisms, regulation and changes of its
activity in different diseases.Folia biologica, 60(4), 153-167.

Abstract: Fetus in fetu is a rare congenital anomaly, commonly of monozygotic twin, in which one fetus grows inside another fetus. It is a parasitic twin, usually presents as an abdominal mass. Most common site is retro peritoneum but it can present anywhere. It should be differentiated from teratoma which has no axial arrangement and has got definite malignant potential. Different imaging modalities can help in diagnosis. Complete excision is curative. Here we present a case of fetus in fetu which was diagnosed in antenatal period. After delivery diagnosis confirmed and complete surgical excision done.............

[1]. Lewis RH. Fetus in fetu and retroperitoneal teratoma. Arch Dis Child. 1960;36:220–6.

[2]. Thakral CL, Maji DC, Sajwani MJ. Fetus-in-fetu: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg.1998;33(9):1432–Patankar T, Fatterpekar GM, Prasad S, Maniyar A, Mukherji SK. Fetus in fetu: CT appearance—report of two cases. Radiology. 2000;214(3):735–7.

[3]. Federici S, Ceccarelli PL, Ferrari M, Galli G, Zanetti G, Domini R. Fetus in fetu: report of three cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Surg Int. 1991;6(1):60–5.

[4]. Eng HL, Chuang JH, Lee TY, Chen WJ. Fetus in fetu: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg.1989; 24: 296– 9.

[5]. Federici S, Ceccarelli PL, Ferrari M, Galli G, Zanetti G, Domini R. Fetus in fetu. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Surg Int. 1991; 6: 60– 5.

Abstract: In many countries, the present standing of the Dental-Education split from the Medical-Education is not good & satisfactory towards providing healthcare to their citizens. It seems that it has evolved due to deficient knowledge for understanding the relation between oral diseases and general wellbeing & systemic illnesses. It is an apparent truth that the dentistry is a part of Medical-Education/Profession and by its separation we have started an unnecessary race, competition & gap between Dental and Medical to a large extent. The independent entity of dentistry from the rest of Medical-Education is a discrepancy and mysterious; and violating the ethics, equity & justice of Medical-Education..............

Key word:Medical-Education, Dental-Education, Medical Council of India, Dental Council of India, Oral medicine, Discrimination

[1]. Banoczy J, Rigo O, Albrecht M. Prevalence study of tongue lesions in a Hungarian population Community. Dent Oral Epidemiol.
1993 Aug; 21(4):224-6.
[2]. Kenzo Tanaka, Takeshi Honda and Kenji Kitamura. Dentistry in Japan Should Become a Specialty of Medicine with Dentists
Educated as Oral Physicians. Journal of Dental Education. 2008 September; 72(9):1077-83.
[3]. Field MJ, Jeffcoat MK. Dental education at the crossroads: a report by the Institute of Medicine. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995 Feb;
126(2):191-5.

Abstract: Osteomyelitis is a true infection of the bone induced by pyogenic microorganisms. Other than chronic cases, conventional imaging modalities do not offer much radiographic details. Computed tomography is considered the best modality for imaging the osteomyelitic cases. However, CBCT provides a lower dose, lower cost alternative to conventional CT and has gained increased acceptance as a 3D imaging modality.CBCT has potential to sufficiently depict osteomyelitic lesions like osteolytic and osteosclerotic areas, ill-defined cortical borders with periosteal reaction and sequestra..............

[1]. Topazian R G. Osteomyelitis of jaws. In Topazian R G, Goldberg M H (eds). Oral and maxillofacial infections, Philadelphia, PA:
Saunders, 1994, 3rd ed. pp 251-286.
[2]. Ronai A, Olasz L, Mulh D. Lethal complication of an odontogenic infection developing after tooth extraction in a patient with
untreated diabetes-Case report. Fogorv Sz 2001;94:27-31
[3]. Marx R E. Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1991; 3: 367
[4]. Jacobsson S. Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible. Int J Oral Surg 1984; 13: 363–385.
[5]. Schulze D., Blessmann M., Pohlenz P., Wagner K. W., Heiland M. Diagnostic criteria for the detection of mandibular osteomyelitis
using cone-beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2006; 35(4):232-235

Abstract: Background: Fallopian tube is a common specimen in the laboratory. It is affected by a wide spectrum of diseases but there are only occasional studies, documenting histological changes in the fallopian tube removed for all reasons. Aims and objectives:To study the gross and microscopic features of the excised fallopian tubes and to study the common and unusual lesions in them. To find the incidences of tumour and the tumour like lesions of the fallopian tube. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 200 cases was included in this study which consisted of all the specimens of fallopian tubes of all age groups obtained by salpingectomy, tubal ligation, salpingo-oophorectomy or along with hysterectomy. All the specimens were processed by routine histopathological techniques. Histopathological features were studied on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections.............

Keywords: Histopathology, Fallopian tube, Salpingitis, Hyatidiform mole, Ectopic pregnancy

[1]. Gon S, Basu A, Majumdar B, Das TK, Sengupta M, Ghosh D. Spectrum of histopathological lesions in the fallopian tubes. J Pathol Nepal. 2013;3:356 -60.
[2]. Bagwan IN, Harke AB, Malpani MR, Deshmukh SD. Histopathological spectrum of lesions encountered in the fallopian tube. J Obstet Gynecol Ind. 2004 Jul-Aug;54(4):379-82.
[3]. K SS, K AS. Clinical study of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital of Mangalore. Innov J Med Health Sci. 2014 Jan-Feb;4:305-9.
[4]. Hunt JL, Lynn AA. Histologic features of surgically removed fallopian tubes. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002 Aug;126(8):951-5.
[5]. Jha R, Pant AD, Jha A, Adhikari RC, Sayami G. Histopathological analysis of hysterectomy specimens. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2006 Jul-Sep;45(163):283-90.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of –"reason for extraction" and the "span of edentulousness" in the occurrence of vertical ridge deficiencies in mandibular molar region. A total of 71 patients with single molar edentulous sites were included in the study and the reason for extraction was obtained through a detailed case history. Intra oral periapical radiographs were obtained of the selected sites and the vertical distance measured from a line connecting the adjacent cementoenamel junctions to the crest of the remaining bone.............

Keywords: Mandibular ridge resorption, periodontitis, vertical ridge deficiency, span of edentulousness

[1] Aida J, Ando Y, Oosaka M, Niimi K, Morita M. Contributions of social context to inequality in dental caries: a multilevel analysis
of Japanese 3-year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008;36(2):149–156.
[2] Lekovic V, Kenney EB, Weinlaender M, Han T, Klokkevold P, Nedic M, et al. Bone regenerative approach to alveolar ridge
maintenance following tooth extraction. Report of 10 cases. J Periodontol. 1997 Jun;68(6):563–70.
[3] Carlsson GE. Clinical morbidity and sequelae of treatment with complete dentures.J Prosthet Dent. 1998 Jan;79(1):17-23. Review.
[4] Jahangiri L, Devlin H, Ting K, Nishimura I. Current perspectives in residual ridge remodeling and its clinical implications: a
review. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1998 Aug 31;80(2):224-37.
[5] Valderhaug, J. E. Ellingsen, A. Jokstad. Oral hygiene, periodontal conditions and carious lesions in patients treated with dental
bridges. A 15-year clinical and radiographic follow-up study.J ClinPeriodontol. 1993 Aug; 20(7): 482–489.

Abstract: The diseases of thyroid form a major share of head and neck surgery. Clinical examination although very accurate in most cases, is inadequate in most areas especially in staging of thyroid malignancies and in detecting the multinodularity of the gland. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of high resolution USG with final HPE diagnosis. The present study is a prospective study of patients presenting with clinical suspicion of thyroid diseases referred to the department of Otorhinolaryngology, SSIMS&RC, Davangere from January 2015 to December................

Keywords: Nodular goitre, USG, HPE.

[1]. Heyder Ali Esmaili, Hassan Taghipour. Fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid disease- an appraisal in our institution. ISRN Pathology 2012.
[2]. Amer AM Ali, Abdul Khadir H Hasan, Tahir A Hawrami. The role of conventional ultrasound in the assessment of thyroid nodulesin Al-Sulaimainya territory. Bas J Surgery 2009.

[3]. Dipanwita Das, MC Sarma, Adity Sharma, TK Datta, SK Lahiri. A Comparative study between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination in the diagnosis of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the thyroid gland. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2012; 43(1).
[4]. Rangaswamy M, Narendra KL, Patel S, Guruprasad C, Manjunath GV. Insight to neoplastic thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration cytology. J Cytol 2013;30(1):23-6
[5]. Yang GC, Fried K, Yakoushina TV, Schreiner AM. Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma- fine-needle aspiration with ultrasound and histologic correlation of 41 cases. Acta Cytol 2013; 57(1):26-32.

Abstract: Our study is a retrospective one analyzing the functional and radiological outcome of un-cemented Hydroxyapatite coated stem in Total Hip Arthroplasty. The total number of hips in our study was 40 all of them done by a single surgeon. With a mean follow up of 8.075 years. The average age of all the patients was 56.35 years. The prosthesis used was a standard collarless corail stem (Depuy) with Duraloc shell. The clinical evaluation was done using Harris hip score. Standard x- rays were taken to analyze the radiological outcome. 85% of our patients had an excellent result on the Harris hip score and 12.5% of our patients had a good result..............

Keywords: Hip surgeries, Hydroxyapatite coated stem, Total hip Arthroplasty, Un-cemented stem

[1]. Nas.Ser.Eftekhar. Principles of total hip arthroplasty 1978:p143-146. [2]. August A.C.et al. (1986) The McKee-Farrar hip arthroplasty, J Bone Joint Surg ,68-B(4), 520–27.
[3]. Waugh, w.JohnCharnley: the man and the hip: p102-144
[4]. Richard S Snell: clinical anatomy for medical students. 9th edition: p564-568
[5]. Campbell's operative Orthopaedics. International 12thedition.p234-459.

Abstract: Extra-oral prosthesis improves the appearance and enhances confidence of the patient. Large facial defects involving lower half of the face are very difficult to treat prosthetically because of the mobility of the soft tissue margins, opening and closing movement of the mandible and poor retentive features of the defect. This article features a cancer survivor for whom a facial prosthesis was fabricated to obturate the defect that resulted from a free flap failure...............

Keywords: Facial prosthesis, Silicone, magnets.

[1]. Beumer J, Curtis TA, Marunick MT. Maxillofacial Rehabilitation. Prosthodontic and Surgical Considerations. St. Louis: Medico
Dental Media International,1996,377-85.
[2]. Stewart KL, Rudd KD, Kuebker WA: Other Forms of Removable Partial Denture. Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St.
Louis, MO, Mosby, 1983,588-624.
[3]. Udagama A, Drane JB. Use of medical-grade methyl triacetoxy silane crosslinked silicone for facial prostheses. J Prosthet Dent
48,1982,86-8.
[4]. Farah JW, Robinson JC, Koran A, Craig RG, Hood JA. Properties of a modified cross-linked silicone for maxillofacial prostheses. J
Oral Rehabil,14, 1987,599-605.
[5]. Thomas KF Color matching in: Prosthetic rehabilitation. Quintessence Publication Co. Ltd., London,1994,85

Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can alter hepatic morphology and physiology1. Recently liver disease has been recognized as a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM). There is high prevalence of Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with T2 DM.Obesity is also a common and well documented risk factor for NAFLD. There is an epidemic rise in T2 DM, obesity, and hyperlipidemia in the country. A disease practically unheard a few years back, is now considered one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the world3...............

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Non alcoholic fatty liver disease, Non alcoholic steatohepatitis.

[1]. Clark JM, Brancati FL, Diehl AM. The prevalence and an etiology of elevated aminotransferase levels in the United States. Am J
Gastroenterol 2003; 98:960-7.
[2]. Bedogni G, Miglioli L, Masutti F, Tiribelli C, Marchesini G, Bellentani S. Prevalence of and risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease: the Dionysos Nutrition and Liver Study. Hepatology 2005; 42:44-52.
[3]. Medina J, Fernández-Salazar LI, García-Buey L, Moreno-Otero R. Approach to the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:2057-66.
[4]. Kotronen A, Yki-Järvinen H. Fatty liver: a novel component of the metabolic syndrome. ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol 2008; 28:27-
38.
[5]. Fan JG, Saibara T, Chitturi S, Kim BI, Sung JJ, Chutaputti A. The Asia–Pacific Working Party for NAFLD. What are the risk
factors and settings for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia Pacific?. J GastroenterolHepatol 2007; 22: 794-800.

Abstract: Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy is a cosmetic surgical procedure for the correction of lower jaw deformities. It is accomplished through transoral incision. The osteotomy splits the ramus and the posterior body of the mandible sagittally, which allow either setback, advancement or rotation.

Keywords: Mandibular deformities, Complications, Advantages, Transoral incision, Chin deformities.

[1]. Are there risk factors for osseous mandibular inferior border defects after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy?, Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery(2017), doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.12.015
[2]. Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Second Edition
[3]. Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy- A Case Report, Pravara Med Rev 2013;5(1)
[4]. Raymond J. Fonscea, Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Orthognathic surgery Vol 2

Abstract: Myxoid leiomyosarcoma is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of the uterus. Myxoid differentiation coupled with enlarged atypical cells with or without necrosis is termed myxoid leiomyosarcoma. These are mitotically inactive, completely myxoid paucicellular tumors with infiltrative margins. They have a bad prognosis as they are resistant to chemotherapy as well as radiation. Here we present a rare case of uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma with high mitotic activity infiltrating the parametrium and ovary.

Keywords: Uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma, mitoses, resistant, infiltration, paucicellula

[1]. Hiromi Himai et al., Uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma with tumor emboli extending into the right atrium. Case reports in ob and gy, vol 2015, article id 316262, pages 5
[2]. Burch DM, Tavassoli FA, Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Histopathology 2011 Dec; 59(6):1144-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04053.x

Abstract: Background: Pediatric dermatoses are distinct group of disorders, comprising of skin problems encountered during childhood and adolescence. There is variation in the pattern and presentation of dermatoses in childhood compared to adults Aim: To ascertain the pattern of various dermatoses occurring in children aged below 12 years attending the Department of DVL, Government general hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. . Methodology: This was a cross sectional, clinical observational study in pediatric patients attending DVL OPD of tertiary care centre Vijayawada between July 2013 – June2014, were enrolled in the present study...............

Keywords: Infections in Childhood, Pediatric Dermatoses.

[1]. Graham –Brown R.A.C – The ages of man and their dermatoses – Rook's Text book of Dermatology Tony burns, Stephen Breathnach, Neil cox, Christopher Griffith: 7th edition ;2004 70.1,Blackwell science publication.
[2]. Thappa DM. Common skin problems in children. Indian J Pediatr 2002;69:701-6.
[3]. Federman DG, Reid MC, Feldman SR et al. The primary care provider and the care of skin disease. Arch Dermatol2001;137:25-9.
[4]. J.of Paediatric dermatology (ISSN 0736-8046) Blackwell science, Ink, Malden: MA 021-48.
[5]. M. D. Al-Mendalawi 1 and J.G. Ibrahim.Pattern of dermatoses in Iraqi children. Eastern. Mediterranean Health Journal-2012,vol(18) No.4-PP 365-77

Abstract: Background and Aim: Laparoscopic sterilization is commonly performed procedure and optimum pain relief is necessary for early ambulation and discharge. We aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of pre-emptive intravenous (IV) diclofenac sodium with intraoperative diclofenac sodium in patients undergoing laparoscopic tubal ligation, to evaluate the requirement of additional analgesics in the postoperative period and to study the time required for ambulation................

Keywords: Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation, Pre-Emptive Analgesia, Diclofenac Sodium

[1]. Mahadevappa K, Prasanna N, Channabasappa RA. Trends of Various Techniques of Tubectomy: A Five Year Study in a Tertiary Institute J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(1):QC04-7.
[2]. A Mehta, R Bakshi, S Bhasin. Efficacy of Diclofenac Sodium for Post Op Pain Relief in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Sterilization.The Internet Journal of anesthesiology. 2007 (16); 1.
[3]. Wilmore DW, Kehlet H. Management of patients in fast track surgery.BMJ. 2001:24; 322(7284): 473–6.
[4]. Alexander JI. Pain after laparoscopy. Br. J. Anaesth. 1997;79:369-78.
[5]. Smith HS. Perioperative Intravenous Acetaminophen and NSAIDs Pain Medicine 2011; 12: 961–981.

Abstract: Objective this study was attempt to molecular estimation of Hepatitis-B Virus- DNA (HBV-DNA) in sera of apparently healthy carriers blood donors with anti-HBc Total positive alone and discussed the reasons that lead to disappearance of HBsAg in their sera. As well as evaluation of the routine screening method of HBV infection among blood donors by ELISA assay. Methods A total of 100 sera samples were collected from HBsAg-negative blood donors who were attended to the blood bank in Baghdad and examined for anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc Total and anti-HBsAg................

Keywords: HBV, occult HBV, HBsAg negative, blood donors

[1]. Biswas R, Tabor E, Hsia CC, Wright DJ, Laycock ME, Fiebig EW, et al., (2003), Comparative sensitivity of HBV NATs and HBsAg assays for detection of acute HBV infection. Transfusion; 43:788–98.
[2]. Brechot C., Thiers V., Kremsdorf D., Nalpas B., Pol S., Paterlini-Brechot P.,(2001). Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen: clinically or purely "occult"? .Hepatology. 34:194-203.
[3]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008), Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Atkinson W.
Hamborsky J., Mclntyre I., Wolfe S., (eds). 10th ed., Washington DC: Public Health Foundation. pp: 211-234. [4]. http:// www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/default.htm
[5]. Chaudhuri V, Tayal R, Nayak B, Acharya SK, Panda SK.m (2004), Occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic liver disease:
full-length genome and analysis of mutant surface promoter. Gastroenterology; 127: 1356-1371 [PMID: 15521005 DOI:
10.1053/j.gastro.2004.08.003]