iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2025

Abstract: Background: Polytrauma is a major global health challenge, often resulting in life-threatening complications.1 Hypocalcaemia is an under recognized yet, critical electrolyte disturbance is increasingly observed in severely injured patients.2 This study investigates the prevalence of hypocalcaemia in polytrauma patients and explores its associations with coagulopathy, complications, transfusion requirements, and patient outcomes. Objectives : To determine the prevalence of hypocalcaemia among polytrauma patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) and evaluate......

Keywords: Hypocalcaemia; Polytrauma; Emergency Department; Coagulopathy; Trauma Resuscitation; Ionized Calcium; Blood Transfusion.

[1] Krug E. Decade Of Action For Road Safety 2011–2020. Injury. 2012;43(1):6–7.
[2] Mizobata Y. Damage Control Resuscitation: A Practical Approach For Severely Hemorrhagic Patients And Its Effects On Trauma Surgery. J Intensive Care. 2017;5:1–9[1]
Krug E. Decade Of Action For Road Safety 2011–2020. Injury. 2012;43(1):6–7.
[2] Mizobata Y. Damage Control Resuscitation: A Practical Approach For Severely Hemorrhagic Patients And Its Effects On Trauma Surgery. J Intensive Care. 2017;5:1–9.

Abstract: Ludwig’s angina is a rapidly spreading and potentially life-threatening infection having an odontogenic infection as the most common source. It involves the floor of the mouth and neck. Here we report a case of a 14-year-old male who suffered from Ludwig’s angina. Presenting symptoms and findings of the examination helped in the clinical diagnosis. Immediate intubation, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and treatment of complications aided the patient’s recovery. Late stages of the disease should be addressed immediately and given special importance towards the maintenance of......

Keywords : Airway obstruction, ENT emergency, Ludwig’s angina, Oral hygiene

[1] Saifeldeen K, Evans R. Ludwig’s Angina. Emerg Med J 2004;21:242-3.
[2] Bansal A, Miskoff J, Lis RJ. Otolaryngologic Critical Care. Crit Care Clin 2003;19:55-72.
[3] Moreland LW, Corey J, Mckenzie R. Ludwig’s Angina. Report Of A Case And Review Of The Literature. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:461-6.
[4] Spitalnic SJ, Sucov A. Ludwig’s Angina: Case Report And Review. J Emerg Med 1995;13:499-503.

Abstract: Kidney stones are a common condition, affecting approximately 10% of adults over their lifetime. The global incidence is rising, largely due to increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Three primary techniques are used for the removal of lower pole kidney stones: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) with laser lithotripsy. Although PCNL is highly effective, it carries certain risks, including bleeding that may require angioembolization, urinoma formation and, in rare cases, organ injury. On the other hand, FURS allows urologists to access and treat lower calyx stones and complex renal stones.......

Keywords: PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy), FURS (Flexible Ureteroscopy), Stone free rate, Libya

[1] Zewu Z,Cui Y, Feng Z, Yang L And Chen H (2019) Comparison Of Retrograde Flexible Ureteroscopy And Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy In Treating Intermediate Size Renal Stones (2–3 Cm): A Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review. Int. Braz. J. Urol, 45(1):10–22.
[2] Mcclinton S, Starr K, Thomas R, Maclennan G, Lam T, Hernandez R, Pickard R, Anson K, Clark T And Maclennan S (2020) The Clinical And Cost-Effectiveness Of Surgical Interventions For Stones In The Lower Pole Of The Kidney: The PercutaneousNephrolithotomy, Flexible Ureterorenoscopy And Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy For Lower Pole Kidney Stones Randomized Controlled Trial (Pure RCT) Protocol. Trials, 21(1):479
[3] Pieras E, Tubau V, Brugarolas X, Ferrutxe J And Pizá P (2017) Comparative Analysis Between Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy And Flexible Ureteroscopy In Kidney Stones Of 2–3 Cm. Actas Urol. Esp, 41(3)194–199.
[4] Erdoğan A, Keskin E And Altun A (2020) Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Versus Flexible Ureteroscopy In Terms Of Cost-Effectiveness In Patients With 10–30 Mm Renal Stones. Urologia, 87(1):41–46.
[5] Chen HQ, Chen ZY, Zeng F, Li Y, Yang ZQ, He C And He Y (2018) Comparative Study Of The Treatment Of 20–30 Mm Renal Stones With Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy And Flexible Ureterorenoscopy In Obese Patients. World J. Urol, 36(8):1309–1314..

Abstract: Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) often leads to erosion of the incus long process, resulting in conductive hearing loss. Various materials have been employed to reconstruct this defect, including autografts and synthetic alternatives. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients with incus long process defects. Group A (n=10) underwent reconstruction with HA cement, while Group B (n=10) received conchal cartilage grafts. Preoperative and postoperative........

Keywords : Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM), Ossiculoplasty, Conchal cartilage, Hydroxyapatite cement

[1] Dere H, Ozdogan F, Ozcan KM, Selcuk A, Ozcan I, Gokturk G. Comparison Of Glass Ionomer Cement And Incus Interposition In Reconstruction Of Incus Long Process Defects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Nov;268(11):1565-8. Doi: 10.1007/S00405-010-1454-1. Epub 2011 Feb 22. PMID: 21340562.
[2] Mantsopoulos K, Thimsen V, Wohlleben F, Taha L, Sievert M, Müller SK, Goncalves M, Iro H, Hornung J. Hydroxyapatite Bone Cement In The Reconstruction Of Defects Of The Long Process Of The Incus: Personal Experience And Literature Review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2021 Jul-Aug;42(4):103002. Doi: 10.1016/J.Amjoto.2021.103002. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33780899.
[3] Hameed N, Alexander A, Saxena SK, Ganesan S, Hegde JS. Effect Of Incudostapedial Reconstruction Using Conchal Cartilage Interposition Graft On Hearing Outcome. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Jul;23(3):E262-E266. Doi: 10.1055/S-0038-1661398. Epub 2018 Oct 24. PMID: 31360244; PMCID: PMC6660304.
[4] Kalcioglu MT, Tan M, Fleerakkers J. The Use Of Bone Cement For Ossicular Chain Defects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Nov;270(11):2849-55. Doi: 10.1007/S00405-012-2296-9. Epub 2013 Jan 3. PMID: 23283240.
[5] Austin DF. Ossicular Reconstruction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1972;5:145–60.

Abstract: Introduction: Facial aesthetics are largely determined by soft tissue contours, which can develop independently or in conjunction with the underlying skeletal structures. However, the influence of hard tissue variation on soft tissue profiles, particularly across different growth patterns, is not fully understood.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship of soft tissue of lower third of face and nasolabial angle with the underlying hard tissue in adults..........

Keywords: Soft tissue, Growth pattern, Cephalometry

[1] Peck H, Peck S. A Concept Of Facial Esthetics. Angle Orthod. 1970;40(4):284-318.
[2] Ashraf K.M., Kulshrestha R., Azam A., Shabir S., & Kaur H. Soft Tissue Analysis Of Chin, Upper Lip Length And Thickness In Patients With Different Mandibular Divergent Patterns - A Cephalometric Study. IP Indian J Orthod Dentofacial Res. 2018;4(2):88-93.
[3] Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, Sarver DM. The Emerging Soft Tissue Paradigm In Orthodontic Diagnosis And Treatment Planning. Clin Orthod Res. 1999;2(2):49-52.
[4] Nielsen IL. Vertical Malocclusions: Etiology, Development, Diagnosis And Some Aspects Of Treatment. Angle Orthod. 1991;61(4):247–60.

Abstract: The interrelationship between periodontal diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively investigated in recent years, emerging as a topic of growing relevance in public health. T2DM, a chronic disease with high global prevalence, significantly impacts oral health, particularly due to the increased susceptibility to periodontal infections. At the same time, periodontal inflammation appears to contribute to the worsening of glycemic control through systemic inflammatory mechanisms. This article reviews scientific evidence on this bidirectional relationship.........

Keywords: Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic control, Oral health, Interdisciplinary approach

[1] MATTILA, K.J., Et Al. Dental Infections And Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. J Periodontol, V. 26, P. 2085–8, 2005.
[2] SASAKI, H.; HIRAI, K.; MARTINS, C.M.; FURUSHO, H.; BATTAGLINO, R.; HASHIMOTO, K. Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion And Systemic Metabolic Disorders. Curr Pharm, V. 22, P. 2204-15, Dec. 2016.
[3] INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. Diabetes Atlas 2017.
[4] AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. Diagnosis And Classification Of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, V. 37, P. 81-90, Jan. 2014.
[5] BENDER, I. B.; BENDER, A. B. Diabetes Mellitus And The Dental Pulp. J. Endod., V. 29, N. 6, P. 383-389, Jun. 2003

Abstract: Background: The THRIVE (Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events) score integrates key clinical parameters to predict outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Acute ischemic stroke, a condition characterized by the sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, demands swift and accurate evaluation to initiate timely interventions and improve patient outcomes.2 The Thrive Score, a relatively recent addition to the diagnostic arsenal which offers a comprehensive approach by amalgamating various clinical parameters.3 These parameters include patient.........

Keywords: Acute Ischemic Stroke, THRIVE Score, Prognosis, Functional Outcome, Hemorrhagic Transformation

[1] Khan I. Radiology In Emergency Situations: Diagnosing And Managing Critical Cases. 2023;
[2] Saceleanu VM, Toader C, Ples H, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Bratu BG, Et Al. Integrative Approaches In Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Symptom Recognition To Future Innovations. Biomedicines. 2023;11(10):2617.
[3] Park IS, Kim S, Jang JW, Park SW, Yeo NY, Seo SY, Et Al. Multi-Modality Multi-Task Model For Mrs Prediction Using Diffusion-Weighted Resonance Imaging. 2023;
[4] Ishkanian AA, Mccullough-Hicks ME, Appelboom G, Piazza MA, Hwang BY, Bruce SS, Et Al. Improving Patient Selection For Endovascular Treatment Of Acute Cerebral Ischemia: A Review Of The Literature And An External Validation Of The Houston IAT And THRIVE Predictive Scoring Systems. Neurosurg Focus. 2011;30(6):E7.
[5] Burns DM. Epidemiology Of Smoking-Induced Cardiovascular Disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003;46(1):11–29.

Abstract: The objective of this review article is to summarise the current knowledge on the significance of laboratory tests, biomarkers of cardiac injury and studies of proteomics and the microbiome in cardiovascular diseases in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Point-of-care analysers are capable of detecting elevated cardiac troponin 1 levels, which have been shown in patients with congestive heart failure. In order to achieve significant improvements in the treatment of cardiovascular illness, better understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.........

Keywords: Hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Animal models, Electrocardiography, Echocardiography

[1] Acierno MJ, Brown S, Coleman AE, Jepson RE, Papich M, Stepien RL, Syme HM. ACVIM Consensus Statement: Guidelines For The Identification, Evaluation, And Management Of Systemic Hypertension In Dogs And Cats. Journal Of Japanese Association Of Veterinary Nephrology And Urology. 2020: 12 (1): 30-49.
[2] Arrigo M, Jessup M, Mullens W, Reza N, Shah AM, Sliwa K, Mebazaa A. Acute Heart Failure. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2020: 6 (1): 1-15.
[3]
Bruyette D. Companion Animals Models. Learning From Disease In Pets: A ‘One Health’s Model For Discovery. 2020: 2: 13.
[4] Gradman AH, Alfayoumi F. From Left Ventricular Hypertrophy To Congestive Heart Failure: Management Of Hypertensive Heart Disease. Progress In Cardiovascular Diseases. 2006: 48 (5): 326-341.
[5] Grande AM, And Aseni P. Blunt Trauma To The Heart And Great Vessels. In Operative Techniques And Recent Advances In Acute Care And Emergency Surgery. First Edition, Springer, Ham, Switzerland. 2019: 295-305.

Abstract: Background: Epidemiological data is crucial for understanding malocclusion prevalence and planning appropriate orthodontic treatments. Malocclusion, an irregularity or misalignment of teeth, is a significant public health issue. The World Health Organization emphasizes regular epidemiological surveys for screening and resource planning. The number of patients requiring orthodontic treatment has increased significantly in recent years, but some constraints still prevent them from undergoing such treatments. This study aims to identify these constraints to improve patient knowledge and treatment acceptance.........

Keywords: Orthodontic treatment constraints, Laypersons, Dental students, Dental surgeons, Questionnaire study, Malocclusion

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Brook PH. Shaw WC. The Development Of An Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Priority. Eur J Orthod 1989; 20:309-20.
[2] Uçüncü N, Ertugay E. The Use Of The Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) In A School Population And Referred Population. J Orthod 2001; 28(1):45- 52.
[3] Kim Y. Study On The Perception Of Orthodontic Treatment According To Age: A Questionnaire Survey. Korean J Orthod. 2017; 47(4):215- 21.
[4] Zubair H.Awaisi, Saad Asad, Amjad Mahmood. Social Barriers Towards Orthodontic Treatment Need. PODJ 2012; 32(1):88- 91.
[5] Rastogi S, Jatti RS, Keluskar KM. Assessment Of Awareness And Social Perceptions Of Orthodontic Treatment Needs In Adult Age Group: A Questionnaire Study. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2014; 8(2)95- 100.

Abstract: Background: Endometriosis is a significant gynecological condition affecting lots of women globally, repeatedly connected with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. In Bangladesh, it remains underdiagnosed due to inadequate consciousness and diagnostic facilities, highlighting the necessity for manageable biomarkers like serum prolactin for early detection. Aim: To find out the........

Keywords: Endometriosis, Serum Prolactin level, Infertility, Hormonal Contraceptives, Diagnostic Marker

[1] Zondervan Kt, Becker Cm, Missmer Sa. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1244–56.
[2] Agarwal Sk Et Al. Clinical Diagnosis Of Endometriosis: A Call To Action. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(4):354.E1–354.E12.
[3] Mehedintu C Et Al. Endometriosis: Diagnosis And Treatment. J Med Life. 2014;7(4):506–14..