IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-8 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2014

Abstract: Compatible Countryside of district of rich Ratahan with Arenga pinnata trees applied as component of processing standard of alcohol palm sugar simply. To increase earnings hence needing evolution of production process technological usage precise. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of Common position the extent to which and precise adjustment of the use of technology to increase the income of small industrial society.

[1] Arsyat, 1992. Development Economics of Elephant University Mada Yogyakarta

[2] Akley Garder, 1983. Macroeconomicses, Translated by Paul Sihotang Universitas Indonesia (UI ORESS) Jakarta.

[3] ASLI L. Big Dictionary of Second Edition Indonesia Language, Eight Die of Hall Wirasari Jakarta.

[4] Abdullah NS, 1981. Economics Deliverer, PP3K BANDUNG.

[5] Anonim, 2007. KPN LGI com ----- http//www kpn lgiu com/@/html [6] Anonim, 2002. Nirasari ___ http/www javasugr/com/ni

Abstract: A procedure was developed for preparing high radiochemical purity 99mTc-valsartan with yield of 98 %. The complex was prepared by mixing of valsartan with SnCl2.2H2O solution and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 8 then mixed with a freshly eluted 99mTcO4- (~ 400MBq), shacked at room temperature for 30 min. The radiochemical yield and purity of the labeled product were determined individually by HPLC, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. Biodistribution studies were carried out in normal Albino Swiss mice at different time intervals after administration of 99mTc-valsartan. The labeled compound cleared from the systematic circulation within 2 h after administration, and the majority of organs showed significant decrease in the uptake of 99mTc-valsartan. The heart uptake of 99mTc- valsartan was sufficiently high for using this agent as myocardial imaging agent.
Key Words: 99mTc- valsartan / Heart / Losartan /Chromatographic /Analysis / Biodistribution.

[1]. Budavari S. The Merck index, Merck and Co. Press: Whitehouse Station, NJ, Edition 14, 2006, pp. 83-1705.
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[5]. Boyd, R. E., "Technetium generators: status and prospects,"Nucl Spectrum, (1986) 2 :18.

Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is believed to possess one of the highest incidences every year in India. A definitive link between tobacco consumption and development of Oral cancer has been repeatedly reported in several studies in the past. Tobacco has been associated with cancer progression in patients of OSCC by the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in membranes upon degradation by free radicals or ROS, produces malondialdehyde (MDA). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was assessed for the presence of MDA by Lipid peroxidation assay method using the standard protocol.

[1]. Yan-Chu, H. (1994) Arsenic in Environment. Part I: Cycling and Characterization. Johnwiley & sons Inc., 26:17-49.
[2]. Robertson, F.N. 1986. Occurrence and solubility control to trace elements in groundwater in alluvial basins of Arizona. In: Regional aquifer system of United States, Southwest alluvial basin of Arizona. American Water Resource association Monograph, Series. 7, 69-80.
[3]. Robertson, F.N. (1989). Arsenic in groundwater under oxidation conditions, Southwest United States. Environmental Geochemistry and Health.11, 171-185.
[4]. Wang, L. and Huang, J. (1994). In: Arsenic in the Environment, Plant II: Human health and ecosystem effects (eds. Nriagu, J.O.), Wiely, NewYork, 159-172.
[5]. Das, D., Samanta, G., Mandal, B.K., Chowdhury, R.T., Chandra, C.R. and Chowdhury, P.P. (1996). Arsenic in ground water in six district of West Bengal, India. Environ. Geochem. Health 18, 5-15.

Abstract: Cereal bars were formulated using dry raw materials (glutinous rice, black Cummins, etc.) and binding agents (honey and glucose syrup). The dried fruits were mixed with the dry ingredients and binding ingredients at different percentages. The cereal bars were assessed for mineral element contents using microwave – assisted digestion method. The consumer acceptability of the cereal bars were carried out using 9-hedonic scale. The cereal bar samples had sodium,

[1] T.Nagai, R. Inoue, N. Kanamori, N. Suzuki and T. Nagashima, Characterization of honey from different floral sources. Its functional properties and effects of honey species on storage of meat. Food Chemistry. 9, 2006, 256–262. [2] I .Brito, J. Campos, T. Souza, C. Wakiyama, and G. Azeredo, Preparation and evaluation of global homemade cereal bars, Bulletin of the Research Center of Food Processing, 22, 2004, 35-50. [3] D. Sun-Waterhouse, A. Teoh, C. Massarotto, R. Wibisono, and S. Wadhwa, Comparative analysis of fruit-based functional snack bars. Food Chemistry, 119 (4), 2010 1369-1379. [4] M. Foschia, D. Peressini, A. Sensidoni, and C. S. Brennan, The effects of dietary fibre addition on the quality of common cereal products. Journal of Cereal Science, 58, 2013, 216-227. [5] E.C. Silva, V.S. Sobrinho, and M.P Cereda, Stability of cassava flour-based food bars. Food Science and Technology Campinas, 33, 2013, 192-198.

Abstract: GIS is rapidly becoming widely known and utilised and has started to promote "spatial thinking" throughout impact assessment processes. The use of crosscutting edge technology with great capacity to handle enourmous spatial and aspatial datasets for great analytical swiftness of a GIS. Due to the over dependence of EIA on spatial data, the conventional way of carrying out an EIA study is considered less accurate and a more time consuming process because of the myriad of dependent and independent variables that always have to be taken into consideration (e.g. Land use, land price, population density, socio-economic level, road accessibility, railway accessibility, air quality, ground water quality, noise level, biological content, historical value, archaeological and visual importance), which will all have different consequences. Thus, it has become imperative to find tools that will complement the process, a tool that is capable of handling large volumes of spatial and non-spatial data and is also capable of handling the very complex analyses that EIA requires.

[1]. Bhatt, R.P. (2009). The Need and Use of Geographic Information System for Environmental Impact Assessment in Nepal; Journal of Water Energy and Environment, Issue No (4) PP (29-31).
[2]. Yousefi, H. (2004). Application of GIS in the Environmental Impact Assessment of Sabalan Geothermal Fields, NW-Iran. Geothermal Training Programmes Reports, Reykjavik, Iceland. Report 19, pp. 439-474.

Abstract: Due to increase in population coupled with mining, extraction and use of various metals as different industrial and household materials, the load of toxic metal pollution in the environment is increasing, so there is a need for the removal of these pollutants. A potential low cost, easily available and environment friendly adsorbent (citrus fruits peel) was used for the removal of Copper (II). Experiments were conducted in batch as a function of temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration and time. The removal efficiency of Cu (II) was maximum at 30°c, pH-6, adsorbent dose of 2.5%, contact time 180 minutes from the aqueous solution having initial metal concentration of 100 mg/l. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm was employed to evaluate the optimum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The adsorption capacity was found to be higher at 18.2mg/g. Kinetic studies showed that first order model was more suitable than the second order model. Adsorption experiment was also conducted in fixed bed column using different metal concentrations, 100% removal was achieved for the concentrations 100mg/l and 150mg/l. From this study it is found that the selected adsorbent is having high potential to remove Cu (II) and needs further study.

Keywords; % Removal, Adsorption, Adsorption isotherm, Citrus fruits peel, Copper

[1] M. Abbas, Z. Parveen, S. Riazuddin Iqbal, and R. Bhutto, Monitoring of toxic metals ( cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury) in vegetables of sindh, Pakistan, Kathmandu university , journal of science, Engineering and Technology, 6, 2010 , 60-65.

[2] N. Ahalya, T.V. Ramachandra, and R.D. Kanamadi, Biosorption of heavy metals, Res. J. Chem. Environ, 7(4), 2003, 71-79.

[3] R. Boopathy, Factors limiting bioremediation technologies, Bioresource Technology, 74, 2000, 63-67.

[4] E. Fourest , and J.C. Roux, Heavy metal biosorption by fungal mycelia products: Mechanism and influence of pH, Appl. Microbial. Biotechnology, 37, 1992, 399-403.

[5] L. Knobeloch, M. Ziarnik, J. Howard, B. Theis, D. Farmer, H. Anderson, and M. Proctor, Gastrointestinal upsets associated with ingestion of copper – contaminated water, Environ. Health perspect, 102, 1994, 958-961.

[6] Y.N. Mata, M.L. Blazquez, A. Ballester, F. Gonzalez, and J.A. Munoz, Characterization of the biosorption of cadmium, lead, and copper with the brown algae fucus vesiculus, J.Hazard. Mater, 158, 2008, 316-323.

[7] S. Mohan, and G. Sreelakshmi, Fixed bed column study for heavy metal removal using phosphate treated rice husk, J. Hazard. Mater, 153, 2008, 75-82.

Abstract: Treatment of public water supply is an essential service in both developed and developing countries .Maintaining optimal environmental health and minimising prevalence of waterborne diseases are among critical challenges to development particularly in Africa It is a pro-active approach in public water supply quality control management to ensure consumers safety. The Lower Usuma Water Treatment commenced supply portable water to Abuja Metropolis in 1987.In recent past, media reports were up that Abuja Metropolis may likely to experience widespread incidence of waterborne diseases if the current situation is not checked.

[1]. WHO (1997): Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Second Edition Volume 3: Surveillance and Control of Community Supplies.
[2]. WHO (2006): Guidelines for Drinking –water Quality. First addendum to Third Edition. Vol. 1 Recommendations
[3]. United State Environmental Protection Agency: Drinking Water Treatment Safe Drinking Water Act(1974-2004).Protect Our Health from Source to Tap:
[4]. Kamhambete A. K. ,R.A. Christian(2011): Evaluting Overall Efficiency of Sewage Treatment plant Using Fuzzy Composition. World Applied Science journal 12:293-298
[5]. Wodood R.(2001): bacteriological analysis of drinking water supplied to Faisalabad and evaluation of water purifiers-M.Sc. Thesis ,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , University of Agriculture ,Faisalabad, Pakistan
[6]. Collivignarelli C. et all (2008): Evaluation of Drinking water treatment and qualityn in Tukua Pa,Thailand.Environmental Monitoring Assessment 142:345

Abstract: Humans are growing on the earth. With each growth comes an equivalent pressure on our natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable. Care therefore has to be taken so as not to over-exploit our resources. A question immediately comes to mind; with the increase in the population, should the needs of the current population be met or not? The answer to this question seems pretty obvious. Definitely, the needs of the current generation should be met as every person has the right to life and to be cared of. The current generations has an obligation to make sure they do not hand over the earth to the next generation in a deteriorating manner. In fact, the current generation has the responsibility of repairing the current Earth and handing it over in a better condition to the next generation. It is in this light that I am writing this paper. I will critically look at the notion of what is meant by sustainability in the context of human settlement and how poverty and social impact analysis can significantly help address the issue of sustainable development in the context of a developing country. This journal will use the case of Poverty and Social Impact Assessment in Ghana's electricity sector as a case study.

Keywords: Sustainable Development, Social Impact Assessment, Poverty Impact Assessment, Developing Country, Ghana.

[1]. "Are fewer children a route to prosperity". FACT SHEET: Population Growth and Poverty. United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved 4/2/2011
[2]. "Our Common Future, From One Earth to One World". UN Documents Gathering a body of global agreements. From A/42/427. Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development
[3]. "The Millennium Development Goals Report, 2009". United Nations. Retrieved 4/2/2011
[4]. 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, World Health Organization, 15 September 2005
[5]. Armour, A. 1990. 'Integrating impact assessment into planning process', Impact Assessment Bulletin, 8(1/2): 3-14
[6]. Barrow, C. J. (2000). Social Impact Assessment: an Introduction. (London: Arnold) ISBN 0340-74218-6.

Abstract: The studies on Disease free eggs of silkworm hybrids MY 1 x CSR 2 were utilized. The treatments were V-1, Kanva-2, BER-1, BER-779, Mizosava, A-1, S-30, S-34, S-36, and S-54. Observations on the different economic traits of silkworm Bombyx mori L. were taken. Larval weight varied in the range of 33.77 g to 40.67 g. Variety V-1 (40.67 g), Larval duration was observed in the range of 21.04 days to 22.28 days. Variety BER-1 (21.04 days), Single cocoon weight 1.664 g to 1.863 g. The highest single cocoon weight was V-1 (1.863 g), Single shell weight 0.297 g to 0.364 g. Maximum shell weight V-1 (0.364 g), Shell percentage 17.60 per cent to 19.82 per cent. Maximum yield variety V-1 (18.63 kg), was observed significantly superior, Cocoon filament length in the range of 680.00 m to 836.66 m. Longest filament length variety V-1 (836.66 m). These findings will help the sericulturists in finding suitable variety for getting more economic returns from silkworm rearing. It is observed that V-1 is becoming popular in Marathwada region.

Key Words : Fecundity, Larval duration, Deneir, Cocoon yield, Shell ratio, Bombyx mori L.

[1]. Anonymous. 1983. Varietal effect on the development and economic characters of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Agriculture Research Sub-committee Report of Sericulture Research Unit, Department of Entomology, MAU, Parbhani.
[2]. Anonymous. 2001. Evaluation of mulberry varieties for rearing performance and economic traits of silkworm Bombyx mori : L. Annual Report, Sericulture Research Unit, MAU, Parbhani 8-10
[3]. Gawade, B.V. 2006. Evaluation of mulberry varieties for rearing performance and their different economic traits on silkworm (Bombyx mori). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, MAU, Parbhani.
[4]. Giridhar, K.; Lakshmanan, S; Benchamin K.V. and Sengupta, K. 1990. Performance of local and Kanva-2 mulberry varieties in respect of leaf and cocoon yields at farmers level. Indian J. Sericulture. 29(2): 219-226.
[5]. Krishnaswami, S. 1971. Silkworm feeding trials for evaluating the quality of mulberry leaves as influenced by variety, spacing and nitrogen fertilization. Indian J. Seri. 19(1): 79-89.

Abstract: The studies on nine different multivoltine races viz., Pure Mysore, Hosa Mysore, Mysore Princes, Kolar Gold, C. Nichi, G Race, P2D1, CB5 and Nistari on M-5 variety of mulberry larval duration, weight of ten matured larvae, diseases mortality (%), single cocoon weight, denier and fecundity were undertaken during 2012-13. The studies shows that Kolar Gold race was recorded superior for weight of the ten mature larvae (22.16 g), Pure Mysore was recorded significantly superior for incidence of disease (1.50%) and fecundity (508.61 eggs). The race P2D1found superior for single cocoon weight (0.980g) and cocoon yield (9.800 kg). The race C.Nichi was recorded superior for denier (1.68) and larval duration (22.96). Hosa Mysore race (16.10%) was found significantly superior over rest of the races for shell ratio.

Key Words: Fecundity, Larval duration, Deneir, Cocoon yield, Shell ratio, Bombyx mori L.

[1]. Ananatnarayana (2000). Study of performance of some mulberry silkworm for different economic traits. Indian J. of Sericulture, Dec 2001, pp: 48-50.
[2]. Biabani, M.R.; Gholami, M.R.; (2003). Resistance evaluation of pure lines of Silkworm (B. mori L.) against the pathogen of white muscardine disease Beavera bassiana. Iranian J. of Agri. Sciences, 34(3): 701-710.
[3]. Chattopadhyay, S., Ghosh, B., Rao, P.R.T., Sudip Sen, Gupta, S.K., Roy, G.C., Sen, S.K. and Das, S.K. (1992). Analysis of quantitative traits in some evolved multivoltine silkworm breeds of B. mori L. under two environments. Environ. Ecol., 10 (4): 845-848.
[4]. Krishnaswami, S. (1983). Evolution of new bivoltine recs for traditionally multivoltine areas of South India. Indian Silk, 22 (1): 3-11.
[5]. Latpate, C.B. (1997). Breeding of silkworm, B. mori L. for better economic traits in Marathwada region. Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (Unpublished).

Abstract: Forest harvesting is expected to have an impact on soil CO2 efflux as it influence soil properties and changesinmicroclimatic conditions which can have implications on the regional carbon balance. Soil CO2 efflux was measured using a continuous open flow chambers technique connected to a multi-gas-handling unit and infrared CO2/H2O gas analyser. Soil temperature, soil moisture, water potential, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Soil Organic Carbon stock (SOCstock), Bulk density and pH were examinedto ascertain their contribution onsoil CO2 efflux and effect ofenvironmental factors in a canopy gap created through the logging of groups of trees in the Sungai Menyala forest, Peninsular Malaysia.

[1]. S. Akburak and E. Makineci, "Temporal changes of soil respiration under different tree species.," Environ. Monit. Assess., vol. 185, no. 4, pp. 3349–58, Apr. 2013.
[2]. "Raich, J. W., and Potter, C. S., 1995. Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Global Biogeochemistry Cycles 9: 23–36 .," p. 1995, 1995.
[3]. J. Tang, X., Zhou, G., Liu, S., Zhang, D., Liu, S., Li, "Tang, X., Zhou, G., Liu, S., Zhang, D., Liu, S., Li, J., et al. (2006). Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48(6), 654–663.," vol. 48, p. 2006, 2006.
[4]. "Billings, S.A., Richter, D.D., Yarie. J., 1998. Soil carbon dioxide fluxes and profile concentrations in two boreal forests. Can J For Res 28:1773–1783," p. 1998, 1998.
[5]. "Londo, A.J., Messina, M.G., and Schoenholtz, S.H., 1999. Forest harvesting effects on soil temperature, moisture, and respiration in a bottomland hardwood forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 63: 637-644.," p. 1999, 1999.

Abstract: This present study was designed to convert the waste products present in the environment into a valuable product by an ecofriendly approach. Vermicomposting is a cost effective, pollution free process by use of earthworms. A comparative study was carried out to convert cow dung, leaf litter, and market waste into vermicompost and the efficiency of the two earthworm species were tested. Both the species shows the degradation of substrates and convert them into nutrient rich vermicompost .The effect of these vermicompost was tested on the growth of Vigna radiate((Green gram ,Mung bean), their percentage of germination, vigor index, chlorophyll content, phytochemicals increased compared to control. Among the different substrate used cow dung vermicompost is more suitable for plant growth than market waste and leaf litter vemicompost. On the basis of chemical analysis the observation indicated that Eisenia fetida is superior in performance over Eudrilus eugeniae.

Key words: Nutrient level, Vermicompost, Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, Vigna radiata.

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Abstract: Dye removal using low cost adsorbent is a suitable method for textile wastewater treatment. The aim of the present work is application of sawdust, areca nut and guava leaves in powdered and pelletized form using corn starch as a binder as low cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal from textile wastewater at laboratory scale. Batch studies were carried out for the removal of dye methylene blue using powdered and pelletized agro wastes at a neutral pH 7 and other parameters studied included adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration and contact time. The study revealed that powdered and pelletized agro wastes have less adsorption as compared to powdered agro wastes, as cited in literature .

[1]. Khattri, S.D., Singh, M.K., (1999), Colour removal from dye wastewater using sugar cane dust as an adsorbent, Adsorp. Sci. Technol, 17, 269–282.
[2]. Mane R S, Bhusari V N, (2012), Removal of Color (dyes) from textile effluent by adsorption using Orange and Banana peel, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2(3), 1997-2004.
[3]. Mohan, D., Singh, K.P., Singh, G., Kumar, K.,( 2002), Removal of dyes from wastewater using fly ash, a low-cost adsorbent, Ind. Eng.Chem., 41, 3688–3695.
[4]. Namasivayam, C., Kadirvelu, K., (1994), Coir pith, an agricultural waste by-product for the treatment of dyeing wastewater, Bioresour. Technol., 38, 79–81.
[5]. Ponnusami V, Srivastava S.N, Vikram S ,(2008), Guava (Psidium guava) leaf powder: Novel adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions, Journal of Hazardous Materials 152(1), 276–286.