IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-8 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2014

Abstract: Fireworks industries are mostly inevitable to fire, pollution and explosion. The hazardous natures of chemicals are being used during the manufacturing of the crackers. The aim of this study was to study, evaluate and augmentation of clean air in atmosphere from polluted clouds caused by fireworks factories in an around the village. Data on age, sex, education, process, feedback and observations by year on basis collected. The result of the analysis shows that most atmosphere pollution and health illness were caused during manufacturing process like gunpowder application, chemical mixing, chemical handling, testing etc. No infrastructure facility, lack of awareness about characteristics of chemicals and manufacturing process, limited skills is the main reasons for this pollution. In this paper, the causes of pollution and prevention methods are discussed.

Key words: Firework industries, crackers, augmentation, gunpowder, characteristics

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[2]. Xu-Lin Chen, Yong-Jie Wang, Chang-Rong Wang, Shou-Sheng Li,
[3]. Gunpowder explosion burns in fireworks factory: causes of death and
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[6]. Fireworks as an intraocular foreign body in the anterior chamber, Saudi
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Abstract: The main target of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Ficus sycomorus L. leaves (FSLs) against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the possible mechanisms behind this effect in experimental rats. 30 male albino rats (Sprague Dawley strain) weighing 98.61 ± 5.87 g were used and randomly divided into five equal groups including the control besides HFD, HFD + 2.5% FSLs, HFD + 5% FSLs and HFD + 7.5% FSLs- fed groups. High fat diet was prepared using 20% fat (19% sheep tallow + 1% soybean oil), while basal diet contained 4% soybean oil. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Feed intake, body weight gain and liver weight/ body weight (%) were finally calculated. Leptin, pancreatic lipase, glucose, lipid profiles, liver enzymes,

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Abstract: Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Heavy metals viz. Pb, Zn, Cd, As etc. are the toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living beings. Lead is one such pollutant which disrupts the entire food chain and is lethal even at low concentration. The use of aquatic macrophytes, such as Azolla with hyper-accumulating ability is known to be an environmentally friendly option to restore polluted aquatic resources. The limitation of plant growth in the polluted medium can be used as a factor to determine plant tolerance capacity and the adverse toxic effect of these media. In the present work effect of lead toxicity was conducted on Azolla microphylla. Plants were cultured in Hoagland's medium which was supplemented with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 mg/l of lead.

[1]. M. Thayaparan, S.S. Iqbal, P.K.D. Chathuranga, and M.C.M. Iqbal, Rhizofiltration of Pb by Azolla pinnata, International Journal of Environmental Sciences 3(6), 2013, pp 1811-1821.
[2]. C. Kim, Y. Lee, and S.K. Ong, Factors affecting EDTA extraction of lead from lead-contaminated soils, Chemosphere, 51, 2003, pp 845-853.
[3]. K.C. Sekhar, C.T. Kamala, N.S. Chary, V. Balaram, and G. Garcia, Potential of Hemidesmus indicus for phytoextraction of lead from industrially contaminated soils, Chemosphere, 58, 2005, pp 507-514.
[4]. A.T. Ruley, N.C. Sharma, S.V Sahi, S.R. Singh, and K.S. Sajwan, Effects of lead and chelators on growth, photosynthetic activity and Pb uptake in Sesbania drummondii grown in soil, Environmental pollution, 144, 2006. pp 11-18.
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[6]. P. Waranusantigul, H. Lee, M. Kruatrachue, P. Pokethitiyook, and C. Auesukaree, Isolation and characterization of lead-tolerant Ochrobactrum intermedium and its role in enhancing lead accumulation by Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Chemosphere, 85, 2011, pp 584-590.

Abstract: The major spatial challenge in landfill determination is the classical identification of spaces available for its location in an area. Researches recently have indicated that spatial change detection and analysis could be carried out easily, very fast and accurately to provide specific spatial information needed on land cover/use using geospatial technology approach. The acquisition of spatial data for all geographic spaces at different epochs through remote sensing has become powerful technology for generating spatial data about geographical features. This study used satellite imagery and GIS techniques to assess spatial changes in land cover/use in Bauchi over a period of two decades.

[1]. BASG. (2012). General information on Bauchi State. Retrieved May 23, 2013 from http://www.bauchistate.gov.ng/index.php/explore-bauchi-state/general-information
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[4]. Ndukwe, K. N. (2001). Digital Technology in Surveying and Mapping: Principles, Applications and Legislative Issues. Enugu: Rhyce Kerex Publishers.
[5]. Olaleye, J. B., Abiodun, O. E. & Igbokwe, Q. (2009). Land use change detection and analysis using remotely sensed data in Lekki Peninsula area of Lagos, Nigeria. Eliat Isreal: FIG Working Week, 1-15
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Abstract: In this present study contaminated soil was degraded using Pseudomonas and NPKFertilizer. Normal soil and contaminated soil were degraded by using Pseudomonas and then Contaminated soil was degraded by using Pseudomonas and NPK fertilizer. All the samples were incubated for 18 days. As a result microbial degradation was increased, pH was decreased and also macro nutrients, microbial count, The growth of Phaseolus vulgaris was tested, phytochemical, chlorophyll content was increased. Pseudomonas has the ability to degrade hydrocarbon present in the contaminated soil by the addition of NPK fertilizer. The rate of degradation of contaminated soil was enhanced by Pseudomonas putidaP11.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Oil contaminated soil, Pseudomonas putida, Phaseolus vulgaris

[1] R.M.Atlas ,petroleum microbiology, Macmillion ,New York,(1984) [2] Tandon.H.Z., "Methods of analysis of soils, plant, water and Fertilizers". Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi., (1993), 1-148. [3] Baron.J.E., Peterson.R.L and Finegold.M.S., "Cultivation and isolation of viable pathogens". In: Diagnostic microbiology, (1994), 9th Edn., Mosby, London. [4] C.Holliger, S.Gaspard,Contaminated environment in the surface and bioremediation: Organic contaminants,(1997) 517-523. [5] G.M.Bai,L.Brusseauand R.M.miller, Biosufactants-enchanced removal of residual hydrocarbon from soil,(1997) 157-170. [6] W.N.Eugene, Microbiology human respective, Mc-Graw-Hill London(1998). [7] D.I.Arnon,Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris, (1999),1-15. [8] Harborne.J.B., "Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis". 3rd ed. Chapman and Hall,London,(1998),302.

Abstract: Benzoic acid is one of the most commonly used food preservatives in the food and beverage industry in Ghana. The maximum accepted level of benzoic acid in beverages stipulated by national and European legislation is 150 ppm. Thirty four (34) different brands of soft drinks and 16 brands of fruit juices available on the markets and shops in Ghana were analysed for benzoic acid by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. Chromatographic separation was achieved with phenomenex synergi 4μ polar – RP 80A 150×2mm 4 micron column with ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 4.4) and acetonitrile (90:10) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The objective of this work was to determine the levels of benzoic acid in soft drinks and fruit juices on the markets of Ghana

[1] A.R Brause, Simultaneous determination of sorbic and benzoic acids in food dressing by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography. Association of Food & Drug Official Journal, 57, 1993, 6. [2] M.P Harry and T.G Maureen, Rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in foods. Journal of Chromatography. 833(1-2), 2000, 299-304. [3] S.A.V Tfouni and C.F Toledo, Determination of Benzoic and sorbic acids in Brazilian Foods. Food control. 13 (2), 2002, 117-123 [4] M. Hannuksela and T. Haahtela, Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives. Allergy 42 (8), 1987 561–575. [5] R.J Safford , D.A Basketter , C.F Allenby and B.F.J Goodwin, Immediate contact reactions to chemicals in the fragrance mix and a study of the quenching action of eugenol. British Journal of Dermatology 123 (5), 1990, 595-606

Abstract: The potency of alum (aluminium sulphate) treated surface- runoff as irrigation water on the growth and development of Zea mays L. was examined in the laboratory. The concentration levels of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % of aluminium sulphate were used alongside a control (0). The percentage germination of the test crop was significantly (P <0.05) reduced in treatment containing aluminium sulphate. Surface run-off treated with aluminium sulphate significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the shoot length, root length, and moisture content of the crop relative to the control. In addition, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents of Zea mays were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increase in the concentration levels of aluminium sulphate. This study suggests that although aluminium sulphate could be utilized to purify waste water and as inorganic amendment in alkaline soil, inappropriate use of alum in irrigation water treatment without characterization of both the soil medium and waste water may cause damage to Zea mays L.

Keywords: Alum, Surface- runoff, Irrigation -water, Zea mays.

[[1] Eja, M. E, Water pollution and sanitation for developing countries ( Calabar, Nigeria: Seasprint Nig. Co, 2001) [2] Brown, L. M, The effect of alum on phosphorus sequestration, macrophytes, microbial community and mineralogy in a municipal waste water treatment wetland, doctoral diss, University of Florid, Gainesville, Florida, 2007. [3] Warren, J. G., Philips, S. B., Mullins, G. L., Keahey, D. and Penn, C. J., Environmental and production consequence of using alum amended poultry litter as a nutrient source of corn, Journal of Environmental Quality,3(5), 2006, 172- 182. [4] Agbede, O. O, Understanding soil and plant nutrition (Nigeria: Salmon Press and Co. Ltd, 2009) [5] Gebbie, P, An operator's guide to water treatment coagulants: A tutorial review, Proc. 31st annual old water industry workshop on Operations Skills, University Central Queensland-Rockhampton, 2006, 14- 20.
[6] Bugbee, G. J. and Frink, C. K, Alum sludge as a soil amendment, effects on soil properties and plant growth ( http://www.archive.org/details/alumsludge.soil.oobugb- retrieved- 16/07/2014, 2011)

Abstract: Laboratory studies of germination and growth parameters of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench were carried out using aqueous extract from palm bunch ash of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Various concentrations of palm bunch ash extract; 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, alongside a control (0%) were used. The extract was used to study the germination percentage, coefficient of velocity of germination, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture content of the crop. Analysis of the extract revealed a pH value within an alkaline range of 9.1, and the presence of mineral elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, copper, total nitrogen and zinc. The percentage germination of the crop decreased significantly (P< 0.05) with increase in concentration of the extract, except at low level (10%) where there was an increase above the control. The fresh weight and moisture contents of the crop were slightly stimulated above the control at 10% level of the extract, and decreased with increase in concentration at higher levels of the extract. The shoot length, root length, and dry weight of the crop decreased significantly (P< 0.05) with increase in concentration of the extract. Palm bunch ash extract may inhibit germination and growth of Abelmoschus esculentus at higher concentration. However, in view of the mineral nutrient composition of the extract, optimum dosage should be worked out for its utilization as organic manure, most especially in acidic soils under field condition.

Key words: Germination, Growth, Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench, Palm bunch ash extract, Elaeis guineensis Jacq

[1]. Traunfeld J., Soil amendments and fertilizer, fertilizing guidelines included by plant group (University of Maryland Extention: http://extension.umd.edu/sites/default/files/images/proqasus/hqic/publications/HG42-soil-amendments-and-fertilizers.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2014, 2013). [2]. Etukudo M. M, Nwaukwu I. A, Habila S, The effect of sawdust and goatdung supplements on growth and yield of okro (abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in diesel oil contaminated soil, Journal of Research in Forestry,Wildlife and Environment,(2)3,2011,92- 98.
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Abstract: Antibiotics and heavy metals are often co-occurrence in soils as the wide application of animal feces/manures in agricultural production. To evaluate the interactive effects of antibiotics and heavy metals on soil microbial ecology, the present study investigated the effects of sulfomethoxazole singly or in combined Zn on soil microbial properties. Results showed that the impact of SMX was some mitigated on soil microbial biomass when Zn was co-added in each soil treatments. However, SMX could seriously inhibit activities of Dehydrogenase and Urease, and then soil nitrification; moreover, this inhibition would be more serious with the co-addition of Zn. These results indicated that combined contamination of SMX and Zn could cause a more serious impact on soil microbial function that on soil microbial biomass

Keywords: Zn, sulfomethoxazole, soil microbial biomass, soil enzymes, soil function

[7] W. Kong, Y. Zhu, B. Fu, P. Marschner, J He. The veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline and Cu influence functional diversity of the soil microbial community. Environemtal Pollution, 143(3), 2006,129–137.
[8] M. Gao, W. Song, Q. Zhou, X. Ma, X. Chen. Interactive effect of oxytetracycline and lead on soil enzymatic activity and microbial biomass. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 36(2), 2013,667-674.
[9] L. Aldén Demoling, E. Bååth, G. Greve, M. Wouterse, H. Schmitt. Effects of sulfamethoxazole on soil microbial communities after adding substrate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41, 2009, 840–848.
[10] U. Hammesfahr, A. Kotzerke, M. Lamshöft, B.-M. Wilke, E. Kandeler, S. hiele-Bruhn, "Effects of sulfadiazine-contaminated fresh and stored manure on a soil microbial community," Eur J Soil Biol, 2011,47: 61–68.

Abstract: Sediments were obtained from sections of the Ogun River namely Ikere, Iseyin, Opeki, Ofiki and Igangan. Layers of sediment ranging from 0-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-15cm were obtained after which they were air dried, pulverized and sieved using a 2mm sieve to obtain very fine grain particles for analysis. The sediments were then subjected to physicochemical analysis in which pH and conductivity were determined using standard methods by the American Public Health Association of 1992 while Organic Carbon was determined by Wakley Method. For the sediment metal analysis, sediments were subjected to the Induced Couple Plasma/Mass Spectrometer (ICP/MS) analysis. Results obtained were then used for the calculation of the Geochemical Pollution Intensity (Igeo).

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Abstract: Enzymatic decolorization of Malachite Green (MG) dye was studied using crude enzyme from a newly isolated Bacillus cereus strain wwcp1. 98% decolorization efficiency was achieved within 24 hours using an initial dye concentration of 1.0 x 10-5M. Batch experimental results revealed that the decolorization process was highly dependent on contact time, initial MG concentration, aqueous solution temperature and pH. Biodegradation of MG dye was monitored spectrophotometrically and metabolites confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The comparison of TLC chromatograms before and after decolorization confirmed that crude protease enzyme had the ability to degrade MG dye. The results provide evidence that the crude enzyme from Bacillus cereus strain wwcp1 is an effective and potential candidate for industrial wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Decolorization, Malachite Green Dye, Bacillus cereus strain wwcp1, Biodegradation, Enzyme

[1]. P. Kaushik and A. Malik, Comparative performance evaluation of Aspergillus lentulus for dye removal through bioaccumulation and biosorption. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(5), 2013, 2882–2892
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Abstract: A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a useful statistical tool for simplifying, reporting and interpreting complex information obtained for any water body. A simple number given by any WQI model explains the level of water contamination .A water quality index carried out for Dal lakebased on very important parameters can provide a simple indicator of water quality.The present study deals with the monitoring of variation of seasonal water quality index of Dal lake. The index is used to improve the comprehension of general water quality issues, communicates water quality status and illustrates the need for and the effectiveness of protective practices. It is found that in all cases the change in WQI value follow a similar trend throughout the study period. Water Quality Index of Dal lake for all four basinswere (102.66,120.33,109.35,101.35) for all seasons summer, winter,monsoon thus it is found to be unfit for drinking. Keywords: Dal lake, Water quality index ,Water quality parameters

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Abstract: The combined effect between climate change and anthropogenic pressures on groundwater resources is reflected in the qualitative and quantitative degradation of these strategic reserves. This effect could reflect a change in vulnerability to pollution. In fact, the vulnerability is assessed on the basis of parameters that can vary in time such as recharge and depth. Through an application of the DRASTIC method on the Bou-Areg aquifer for the years 1969, 2000 and 2006, we proved that the intrinsic vulnerability is dynamic as a result of time-variations of some parameters. The elaborated vulnerability maps show variability in the spatial distribution of vulnerability degrees between the three years.

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