IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2015

Abstract: Introduction: The use of alcohol dates back to time immemorial. The use of alcohol and other substances such as cannabis, nicotine, ecstasy and other amphetamines among students in tertiary institutions is widespread. Use of alcohol and other substances has negative effects both on its user and the society at large; hence, the urgent need to identify factors that contribute to the continued use of these drugs Methodology: 431 students between ages 15 and 25 (n=431, mean=18.7 (+/-2.3 years) were randomly selected from four private tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria. An adapted and validated version of the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire on drug use surveys was employed for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

[1]. Adekeye, O. A. (2012). Knowledge Level and Attitude of School Going Male Adolescents towards Drug Use and Abuse. Kotangora Journal of Education. Kotangora, Niger State, Vol. 12: 122-130.
[2]. Adelekan, M. L., Abiodun, O. A., Obayan, A. O., Oni, G. and Ogunremi, O. O. (1992). Prevalence and pattern of substance use among undergraduates in a Nigerian University. Drug and Alcohol dependence, 29(3):255-61.
[3]. Awoyinfa,, J. O. (2012). An Investigation into the Incidence of Alcohol Usage and Abuse among Female Student of the University of Lagos, Nigeria, West Africa. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 3(2):174-178.
[4]. Balogun, S. K. (2006). "Chronic intake of separate and combined alcohol and nicotine on body maintenance among albinorats" Journal of Human Ecology, 19(1) 21-24.
[5]. Borsari, B., Murphy, J. G. and Barnett, N. P. (2007). Predictors of alcohol use during the first year of college: implications for prevention. Addictive Behaviors, 32(10):2062-86.

Abstract: Practice and procedure of the courts are by their peculiar character semi regimental in nature. This is predicated on the sound premise that the conducts, styles and patterns of behaviour of litigants and their legal representatives as well the court itself are regulated by the numerous Rules of Courts which are imperative of absolute obedience and reverence by all and sundry who are in attendance in court. In light of this background laid so far, this scholarly appreciation is beamed at the judicial enquiry and investigation into the potentiality, feasibility and possibility of swaying, tilting and making flexible the pendulum of Rules of Courts, with particular credence and inference to the issuance, sealing, endorsement, service and renewal of a writ of summons after the mandatory expiration period of twelve (12) calendar months as prescribed by the various Rules of Courts. Keywords: Courts, Lifespan, Renewal, Summons, Writ,.

[1]. BSc.(Hons), M.A; (PhD in view) Pioneer National Publicity Secretary Society for Peace Studies and Practice Nigeria, (SPSP), A Fellow of Strategic Institute for Natural Resources and Human Development, Lectures at the Department of Political Science, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
[2]. LLB, BL, Legal Practitioner and Chartered Arbitrator, Egele & Egele Attorneys-at-Law, (Daniel Chambers) 24 INEC Road Kpansia-Epie, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State of Nigeria and Lecturer, Department of Law, Bayelsa State College of Arts and Science, Elebele-Ogbia P.M.B 168, Bayelsa State.s
[3]. Afolabi vs Olaniyan (1983) 14 NSCC 398; JAMP vs Nkerika (No. 1) [2007] ALL FWLR (Part 38) 1753 CA [1760 para D], where the opined, ''There is no doubt about it that rules of court are meant to be obeyed and shall be obeyed.''
[4]. Bryan A Garner, (Editor-in-Chief), Black's Law Dictionary, Seventh (7th) Edition (1999, St Paul West Group MINN USA), at page 1605. A Writ of summons is a means by which under the Judicature Acts of 1873-1875 all actions are commenced.
[5]. W.S. Holdsworth, Sources and Literature of English Law Vol. 20 (1925).

Abstract: The legislature is the most important institution of governance in a democratic state as it mediates and manages the interest of, at least, two major categories of stakeholders-governing(legislators and executive) and non-governing(electorate and opinion leaders) elites. The synthesis is important for the socio-economic and political development, as well as stabilization and consolidation of democracy. Despite its importance among the three arms of government, the legislature in Nigeria, especially at states' level is the least developed due mainly to interference of the military, least understood, and least researched. This study examines the effects of prolonged military rule on the legislature in improving the standard of living of the people as well as democratic governance and security in Nigeria's Fourth Republic, with emphasis on Bayelsa state. It adopts the 'political elites' framework propounded by Pareto (1848-1923), and applies a combination of 'questionnaire and interview methods to elicit data from both the governing and non-governing elites. The paper demonstrated that the prolonged military interference in civil governance, inexperience/immaturity of members of the house, PDP dominance, executive interference on the selection and election of members adversely affected the performance of the state legislature. The lesson shared is that there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift in governance so that government will become an institution for effective service delivery.

Keywords: Democracy, dividends of democracy, governing - legislature and executive, non-governing-electorate, elites, government, security, state.

[1]. Adegbamigbe, A and Ofiebor, O (2013). "We are changing Bayelsa". TheNews July 18:15
[2]. Adekoya, F (2013). "Performance of the Legislature" The Guaradian
[3]. Agomuo, Z. (2013a). "The legislature as organ of revolution", Business Day,
[4]. Agomuo, Z. (2013b). "Jonathan‟s Midterm report in Obasanjo‟s eye". Business Day, June 09:25
[5]. Aguda, O. O (2000). Understanding the Nigerian Constitution of 1999. Lagos: Nigerian Professional Publishers.
[6]. Aiyede, R. E (2005). "Executive – Legislature Relations in Nigeria‟s Emerging Presidential Democracy". Unilag Journal of Politics, Vol.2(1):65-8

Abstract: The unpredictability of the Arab uprisings in general and the Egyptian one in particular lies at a much deeper level about the nature of Egypt's international relations both regionally and globally. This paper attempts to decipher the driving force of foreign policy formulations of the Western world, represented by the US and the EU, and the Gulf monarchies' reaction to the geostrategic transformations that could possibly culminate from regime changes in Egypt over the period 2011-2013.

[1]. Dincer, 0. & Kutlay, M. (2013). The Arab Spring: A Game Changer in Turkey-EU Relations? Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 14, 418-430.
[2]. Parchami, A. (2012). The 'Arab Spring': The View from Tehran. Contemporary Politics, 18, 35-52.
[3]. Diehl, P. (Ed.). (2005). The Politics of Global Governance: International Organizations in an Interdependent World. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
[4]. Waltz, K. (2000). Structural Realism after the Cold War. International Security, 25, 5-41.
[5]. Waltz, K. (1979). Theory on International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Abstract: The present study represents cultural life of Tamilnadu in the Cauvery belt. The area of study is confined to Thanjavur which is inclusive of Kumbakonam and Nagapattinam. In this region, the river Cauvery flows and branches into numerous tributaries. Thanjavur is statistically described to be biform the richest and most fertile in southern India. The regions witness the different cultures other than native. This cultural diversity has enriched the life and thought of the people and the age produced philosophers, saints, literary personalities and artists. The Maratah rulers lavishingly endowed land grants. Because of this Thanjavur and surroundings were buzzing with activity in many fields of learning.

[1]. The land of the Chola, the Eden of the South, William Hickey – Asian educational services, New Delhi, 1988.
[2]. Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts, Tanjore Saraswathi Mahal Library, Vol.XIX, 1934.
[3]. K.M. Venkataramayya, Administration and social life under the Maratha rulers of Thanjavur, Tamil University, Thanjavur, p-485.
[4]. O.A. Narayanaswamy, The journal of the Tanjore Maharaja Serfoji's Saraswathi Mahal Library, 1968.
[5]. Modi Document.
[6]. Sridharavenkatesa Ayyaval, Sahendra vilasam, The Kalyan press, Tiruchi, 1952, p-32.

Abstract: The contemporary international system comprises dominant and small states that participate in the international politics. Given the varying degrees of development of national powers and differences in both domestic and international tangential powers of states create unequal and asymmetrical economic and political relationship in the international system. The states with developed national powers, high domestic and high international tangential powers tend to dominate and perpetuate hegemonism on the small states-the developing states in the world politics. The state of Ukraine in Europe is under the hegemonism of Russia with threats of losing its territory of Crimea to Russia's hegemonic stance. The study adopts realism as its theoretical framework of analysis in explaining the factors of hegemonism in the international politics. Its methodology is secondary sources of data collection. The study investigates the relationship of Ukraine with hegemonic powers particularly the threats of Russia to annex Ukraine Crimean territory.

[1]. AKE, C (1981), A Political Economy of Africa. London: Longman Publishing.
[2]. Ake, C (1985), Political Economy of Nigeria. London: Longman Publishing.
[3]. Aro, G.C and Out, S.E (2014) Autochthonous Democracy, Social Justice and Human
[4]. Right: A Road to Political Development in Africa. African International Journal of Contemporary Studies in Humanities and Social Science. HPC Bookdds vol. 2 pp 213-231
[5]. Balaam, D.N and Vested M (2008), Introduction to International Economy, In: A.O

Abstract: In a world of rising population, diminishing arable land, mounting agricultural debts and increasing uncertainties in farm incomes, there is a great need for management of risks in the agriculture sector. The enterprise of agriculture is subject to great many uncertainties. Yet more people in India earn their livelihood from this sector than from all other sectors put together. In rural India, households that depend on income from agriculture (either self-employed or as agricultural labour) accounted for nearly 70% of population (estimates from Survey of Consumption Expenditures, National Sample Survey,1999/00). This includes large number of the poor who have little means of coping with adversities. Poor households that were self-employed in agriculture account for 28% of all rural poverty while poor households that are primarily dependent on agricultural labour account for 47% of all rural poverty1. Thus, 75% of all rural poor are in households that are dependent on agriculture, in one way or the other. The same survey shows that 77% of all poverty is rural. Thus 58% of all poor are in households that are dependent on agricultural income in rural areas. Risk and uncertainty are inescapable factors in agriculture. The uncertainties of weather, yields, prices, government policies, global markets, and other factors can cause wide swings in agricultural income. All these risks must be properly managed to achieve satisfactory management in agriculture. It involves choosing among alternatives that reduce the financial effects of such uncertainties.

Keywords: Debt, Rural India, Agriculture, Agriculture Labour, Agriculture Risk, Farmers

[1]. Bhujabal, Gajendra 2006. Insurance for the Poor: An Analytical Approach to Micro Insurance in India, (un-published).
[2]. Rao K N, 2006. Agriculture Insurance – Scope for Product Development, Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority (IRDA) Andhra Pradesh, India.
[3]. Rao K N, 2007. Weather Based Crop Insurance: Panacea or Providence? Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority (IRDA), Andhra Pradesh, India.
[4]. Rao, V. M. 2007. A Self-Help Group Model for Farmer Insurance, Economic and Political Weekly March 10, 2007.
[5]. Vyas, V.S., 2004. Advisory Committee of RBI on Flow of Credit to Agriculture and Related Activities, RBI, India.
[6]. Swarankar, C.P., 2007. Working Group to Examine the Procedures and Processes of Agricultural Loans, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), India.

Abstract: Present day civics instructional practices yearn for a revival but suffer from the lack of adequate measures and instructional techniques. This study aims to develop and validate a scale for measuring Citizenship cognitive competency. Eleven skills were identified through the literature review and a scale was prepared with 22 items, two for each skill. All items were proved to possess discrimination power through conventional Item analysis procedure. The validity and reliability estimates were done. Factor Analysis of scores collected from a sample of 421 secondary school students of Kerala helped to arrive at two components of the competency viz. 1.Cognitive skills in dealing with civic information 2. Cognitive skills in dealing with civic engagement issues. The measure of cognitive competency moderately correlated with indices of Achievement in Civics (r=0.45). Girls have a significant advantage in the total Citizenship Cognitive Skills and it's two components.

Keywords: Citizenship, Civics, Democracy, Secondary Schools, Social Studies Curriculum

[1]. Shaver, J.P.(1977). In R.Barr, J.Barth and S.Shermis (Eds.), Defining the Social Studies. Bulletin 51. Arlington, Virginia: National Council for the Social Studies
[2]. Sears, A., & Perry, M. (2000). Beyond Civics: Paying Attention to the contexts of Citizenship Education. Education Canada, 40, 28-31.
[3]. EhsanulHaq (1981). Education and Political culture in India. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, Private Ltd.
[4]. UmaVarshney (1983). Education for Political Socialization. New Delhi: Meenakshi Prakashan.
[5]. Weiss, I.R. (1977). Report of the 1977 National Survey of Science, Mathematics and Social Studies Education. Washington, D.C.: U.S.Govt. Printing office.
[6]. Superka, D.P., Hawkes,S., & Morrissett, I. (1980 May). The current and Future- status of the social studies. Social Education, (44), 366.

Abstract: The study aimed at the "Awareness on Plagiarism among research scholars of Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati". Structurred questionnaire was designed to collect the data. Out of 135 questionnaires 123 filled in questionnaires were received back. The present study describes various aspects of plagiarism such as awareness on plagiarism among research scholars, type of citation style which the research scholrs are using, problmes which the research scholars face while writing their own ideas on the thesis etc,.The study also described the suggestions made by research scholars of Sri Venkateswa University who are the respondents of the study.

Keywords: Research Scholars,Plagiarism, Citation Style, Anti-Plagiarsim software tools, UGC-Infonet,

[1]. Tripathi, R., & Kumar, S. (2009). Plagiarism: A Plague. 7th International CALIBER-2009, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, February 25-27, 2009. 514-519.
[2]. Trupati,M, & Vandana, S.(2011). Plagiarsim and Copyright Violation: A Need of Information Literacywork towards Ethical Use of Inforamtion. 8th International CALIBER - 2011, Goa University, Goa, March 02-04, 2011.
[3]. Lidija Bilic and others.(2005). Prevalence of Plagiarism among Medical Students. Croat Medical Journal, 46 (1), 126-131.
[4]. Mathieu, Bouville. (2008). Plagiarism: Words and Ideas. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/pdf/0803.1526.pdf, on 14th October, 2014.
[5]. Shahabuddin,S. (2009). Plagiarism in Academia. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 21 (3), 353-359.
[6]. Amrita,M. (2007). Developing students‟ Awareness of Plagiarism: Crisis and opportunities.Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrievedfrom http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac?utm _source=digitalcommons.unl.edu%2 Flibphilprac%2F134&utm_ medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages , 13th October, 2014.

Abstract: Introduction: Health and work are intimately linked. Women work in entirely different niche. Working and earning makes women independent and increases family income but many diseases and health problem have emerged. Each stage of women's life-cycle has specific health related aspects. The present study focuses on exploring the health problems and disease that the women working with "Pattiwork" handicraft making are suffering from. "Pattiwork" is traditional embroidery (a type of appliqué work) of Aligarh district in U.P. India and is often referred to as "Aligarh work".

Methods: The study was carried out in the Aligarh City. In the absence of structured list, snowball sampling method was used. Total sample size was 100 respondents. A checklist was implemented during the survey for the collection of the data. The data collected was subjected to analysis with frequency and percentile method.

[1]. Usmani F. Phool-Patti Ka Kaam: Reviving a traditional Indian Applique Embroidery, Brief History of Phool Patti Ka Kaam, Posted by Farah Usmani, Thursday, July 9, 2009. Available from: http://phool-patti.blogspot.in/.accessed August 13, 2014.
[2]. Usmani F. Phool-Patti Ka Kaam: Reviving a traditional Indian Applique Embroidery, Phool-patti artisans from Aligarh, Posted by Farah Usmani, Tuesday, October 30, 2012. Available from: http://phool-patti.blogspot.in/.accessed August 13, 2014.
[3]. Prugl E. and Boris E. Homeworkers in global perspective: invisible no more. New York, Routledge. 1996.
[4]. Cinar E.M. Unskilled Urban Migrant Women and Disguised Employment: Home- working Women in Istanbul, Turkey. World Development.1994; 22(3):369-80.
[5]. Ghvamshahidi Z. The linkage between Iranian Patriarchy and the informal economy in maintaining women's subordinate roles in home-based carpet production. Women's Studies International Forum 1995; 18(2): 135-151.