IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2015

Abstract: Human trafficking is not the recent issue. Since the early history of the world the trafficking was there. The South Asia is most vulnerable in position in the world to human trafficking. In South Asia, Bangladesh, India and Nepal are most vulnerable in relation to human trafficking. The international community considered that the human trafficking is a grave violation of human rights. There are many reason for the trafficking including poverty, illiteracy, globalization etc. The main purpose of the human trafficking is the forced labour, debt bondage, child labour and sexual exploitations. There are some international laws which directly prohibits the human trafficking. Some regional instrument including the "SAARC Convention On Prevention And Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution", also there which directly prohibits the human trafficking. The states should prohibits the human trafficking by incorporating the national legislation. The States can not deny it's international obligation also. States should ensure the safe return of the trafficked persons in the home country.
Keywords: Human Trafficking, Human Rights, States Obligations, Sexual Exploitation.

[1]. Monica Esquibel, "Human Trafficking: A Violation of Human Rights, A Universal Issue", Honors diss, College of Social Science, Florida State University, 2005.
[2]. S. Huda, "Sex Trafficking in South Asia", International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Volume 94,issue-3, pp 374-375. [http://www.ijgo.org].
[3]. "Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling", United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes [http://www.unodc.org], accessed date- 05.03.2015
[4]. S. Huda, "Sex Trafficking in South Asia", International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Volume 94,issue-3, pp 375. [http://www.ijgo.org].
[5]. S. Huda, "Sex Trafficking in South Asia", International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Volume 94,issue-3, pp 376, [http://www.ijgo.org].

Abstract: This paper examines the status of secondary education in Odisha with respect to quantitative and qualitative achievements by using secondary data collected from Odisha Primary Education Programme Authority and Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Odisha on various indicators of secondary education like enrolment, teachers, infrastructure, outcome etc. The findings clearly show that GER and NER are less than 100 in the State as well as in all the districts. Dropout rates in the schools have declined but it still remains high in the tribal dominated backward regions. The average number of teachers in the schools has started declining to 7 after stagnating at 8 for quite a few years. Many teachers do not have the required qualification and have been engaged by the government on contractual basis. An appreciable proportion of schools do not have drinking water facilities, separate toilet for girls and boys, and electricity. About half of the schools go without a playground. Needless to say that, the status of secondary education is not satisfactory. Therefore, there is need to universalize secondary education by making good quality education available, accessible and affordable to all children by providing secondary schools within 5 km. and higher secondary schools within 7-10 km. of habitations.
Keywords: Odisha, Secondary Education, Status.

[1]. Education Commission (1968), "Education for Development", Report of the Education Commission, 1964-66, NCERT, New Delhi.
[2]. Panda, M. (2004), " Reform Imperatives that matter", paper presented at the workshop organized by Department of School and Mass Education, Government of Orissa in collaboration with UNICEF, Orissa on 19-20, February, 2004 at New Delhi.
[3]. Odisha Human Development Report (2004), Planning and Co-ordination Department, Government of Odisha.
[4]. Odisha Development Report (2002), Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi.
[5]. Government of Odisha (2007), Economic Survey 2007-08, Planning and Co-ordination Department, Bhubaneswar.

Abstract: Today education is the hope and dream of every person. Education has to prepare man to face the unknown, unredicatable and uncertain tomarrow. In modern age, a society cannot achieve a goal without education. The main aim of education is to modify the behavior of students according to their needs and expectations of the society. So education is essential for the growth and development of individuals as well as socity. Human performance is influenced by many factors out of which intelligence and emotions are prominent. Emotions can be useful in terms of directing attention. Emotions can be used to facilitate certain kind of cognitive processes. Students are educated with one main objective in mind their success; but what is the measure of success? Is it only a strong scientific method? No, it was in the past, but now it has been found that I.Q. alone is not the only measure of achievement. It accounts for 20% only. The rest goes to the other factors. According to Gardner (1995) I.Q. is only a minor predictor of success in life while emotional and social skills are for better predictors of success and wellbeing of a person.

[1]. Good, C.V. (1959) Distionary of Education (2nd Ed.) McGraw Hill Book Comp; New Yourk (U.S.).
[2]. Good, C.V. (1973) Distionary of Education (3rd Ed.) McGraw Hill Book Comp; New Yourk (U.S.).
[3]. Salovey, P. and Mayer, J.D. (1990) Emotional Intelligence, Imagenation Cognition and Personality, Vol. 9, 185-211.
[4]. Gakhar, S.C. (2003) "Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Socio-Demographic Concepts". Praachi Journal of Psycho-logical Dimensions, 19(2): pp 161-164.
[5]. Dash, Debendra Nath (2004) "A Conceptual Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and its Relevance." University News, Vol. 42(4).

Abstract: Economic globalization has been lauded as a way of increasing World output based on the economies of scale property and exchange of technology, ideas and information. However, as more emphasis is put on the globalization of industry, the need for environmental sustainability–although as important as ever–is often not included in the conversation. This paper explored the contributions of trade liberalization and foreign direct investment inflows on growth in Nigeria and the implications of economic globalization on the Nigerian environment by applying the co-integration and Vector Error Correction Mechanism using data from 1981 to 2013 sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The findings indicated that trade openness and FDI inflows have made substantial contributions to economic growth in Nigeria. GDP and trade openness also aided environmental quality in the long run. FDI inflows on the other hand contributed to the worsening of the environment evident in more pollution emission in the long run. The paper recommends that Nigeria must put in place sound environmental policy to ameliorate the globalization effects on the environment particularly in FDI attractions. In addition, government and stakeholders alike must adhere to strict environmental enforcement to avoid excessive pollution discharges, indiscriminate deforestation, over exploitation of the flora, fauna and marine resources, and ill defined property rights among others. Government should realise effective macro-economic policies along with momentous improvements in the structure and functioning systems of governance for stabilising economic growth along with trade and financial liberalisation reforms.
Keywords: Globalization, Economic Growth, Environmental Sustainability, Trade Openness, Foreign Direct Investment, Co integration and Vector Error Correction Model.

[1]. Analogbei, F.C.O. (2000). Trad Reforms and Productivity in Nigeria, in Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Zonal Research Units of the CBN Titled: Productivity and Capacity Building, 159-185. Lagos: CBN press
[2]. Antweiler, W., Brian R. C., & Taylor, M.S. (2001). Is Free Trade Good for the Environment? The American Economic Review 91 (4): 877-908.
[3]. Arrow, K., Bolin, B., Costanza, R., Folke, C., Holling, C.S., Janson, B., Levin, S., Maler, K., Perrings, C., and Pimental, D. (1995). Economic growth, carrying capacity and the environment. Science 15, 91-95.
[4]. Ajide, B. & Adeniyi, O. (2010). FDI and Environment in Developing Economies: Evidence from Nigeria. Environmental Research Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages No 291-297.
[5]. Central Bank of Nigeria (2008). CBN Statistical Bulletin and Statements of Accounts. Vol. 18.

Abstract: The ultimate goal of all human endeavors rests upon one's quality of life. It refers to the essence of a "good" life. It begins with experience, moves on to appearance and ends with mind dependent reality. Thus self evaluation appears to be a major component in predicting quality of life. Though it is the most important yet least researched issue. So the present study is an attempt to explore the potency of self evaluation in terms of self efficacy and self esteem in predicting quality of life among youth. A purposive sample of 300 students of both sex males and females, aged 18-22 years were taken from various colleges of rural as well as urban areas of Rewari and Gurgaon districts of Haryana (India). Descriptive statistics reveals the below average level of quality of life prevalent among the youth. Though there is a high level of self efficacy yet moderate level of self esteem is prevalent among youth. Further regression analysis reveals self efficacy as a robust predictor of psychosocial health of youth while self esteem emerges as a powerful predictor of physical health.
Keywords: Unraveling, Quality of life, Self evaluation, Self efficacy and Self esteem.

[1]. A. Bandura, Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, Psychological Review, 84, 1977, 191-215.
[2]. A. Bandura, Self- efficacy: The exercise of control, New York: W.H. Freeman. 1997.
[3]. C.S. Carver, & M.F. Scheier, Three human strengths. In L.G. Aspinwall & V.M. Staudinger (Eds.), A psychology of human strengths: Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 2003, 87-102.
[4]. A. Bandura, A socio cognitive analysis of substance abuse: An agentic perspective, Psychological science, 10, 1999, 214- 218.
[5]. J.E. Maddux, Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: theory, research, and application , New York: Pearson, 1995.

Abstract: Lummer Dai was one the first generation of literary luminary of Arunachal Pradesh writing in Assamese. Dai showed his interest in creative writing quite early in his life and he completed writing his first novel Paharor Xile Xile (In the Midst of Rocks of Hill) in 1961 while he was only a student. Later he published four more novels Prithibir Hanhi (The Smile of the Earth) (1963), Mon Aru Mon (Heart to Heart) (1968), Kainar Mullya (Bride Price) (1982) and Upar Mahal (Higher Level) (2003). The novels of Lummer Dai present a realistic description of tribal people of Arunachal Pradesh. Lummer Dai belonged to the Adi tribe and all his novels centre round the life, rituals, beliefs, social practices and culture of Adi community living in Arunachal Pradesh. This paper is an attempt to study the folklore of the Adi community of Arunachal Pradesh as represented in two select novels of Lummer Dai.
Keywords: Lummer Dai, Adi, Arunachal Pradesh, Folklore.

[1]. Ashton, John W. Folklore in the Literature of Elizabethan England, Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 70 No-275 Jan-March, 1957 URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/53698 retrieved on 12/12/2014
[2]. Barua, Bikash Jyoti. (ed) Luminous Lummer. Itanagar: Arunachal Pradesh Literary Society, 2009. Print.
[3]. Briggs, K.M. Folklore in Nineteenth Century English Literature, Folklore, Vol. 83 No-3 Autumn, 1972
URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1259545 retrieved on 12/12/2014
[4]. Dai, Lummer. Paharor Xile Xile. Guwahati: Bani Mandir, 2004. Print.
[5]. Dai, Lummer. Prithibir Hanhi. Guwahati: Bani Mandir, 2004. Print.

Abstract: Unemployment is a global social phenomenon and a concern for governance as high rate of unemployment in an economy retards rate of growth and national development. Globally an estimated 201.8 million people were reported as jobless and youth constitute the biggest casualties, with 74.5 million aged 15-24 unemployed in 2013. Youth unemployment rate in 2013 for East Asia; Middle East and North Africa; and Sub-Saharan Africa were 10.1; 28.3 and 11.9 compared to adult rate of 3.6; 7.9 and 6.0 respectively. In Nigeria, unemployment rate has worsened over the years due to weak economy and more than 60 per cent of youth are unemployed. This paper highlights the implications for national security and development using secondary materials. The finding is that as the pillar for national security and development, unemployed youth energies are challenged towards negative ventures like perpetration ofviolent conflicts and criminal activities. 90-95 per cent of violent conflicts are perpetrated by unemployed youths and more than 300 forms occurred between 1999 and 2014, making the polity an insecure environment scaring away investors and deterring development. The conclusion is that the potentials of the over 200000 youths that graduate annually from tertiary institutions are not harnessed for national security and development. We recommend the urgent mobilisation of all sectors and political commitment to address youth unemployment as an endemic disease devouring human potentials, national security and development.
Keywords: Youth, Unemployment, National Security and Development.

[1]. Ademola, Alawiye (2013) Tackling the Scourge of Youth Unemployment.
[2]. http://www.punchng.com/business/appointments-management/tackling-the-scourge -of-youth-unemp. accessed 28/01/15 9:08 PM.
[3]. Adewoye, W.O. (2010) Youths Unemployment: The Future Nigeria, http://www.thefuturenigeria.com/youth-unemployment accessed 23/10/11 4:30pm
[4]. Ali, Adoyi (2014) Jonathan is taking Advantage of Boko Haram Insurgency to return to Power in 2015-Lai Mohammed. http:/dailypost.ng/2014/09/11/jonathan-taking-advantage-boko-haram. Accessed 11/01/2015 23:36.
[5]. Anthony, Abayomi Adebayo (2014) "Implications of "Boko Haram‟ Terrorism on National Development in Nigeria: A Critical Review", Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing Rome- Italy Vol. 5 No. 6 (July) Pp.480-489 DOI:10.5901http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/download//3330/3284 accessed 26/01/15 10:30am

Abstract: Hedonistic Values: The term 'Hedonism' derives its origin from the Latin word hedone which means pleasure. This implises that hedonistic values subsists in pleasure,i.e, pleasure is the highest good.This is how man augments his actions with a view to derive maximum pleasure. The exponents of hedonism are J.S. Mill, James Bentham, David Hume andEpicurians . These thinkers assert that pleasure if the ultimate objective or SummumBonum of life. So it is an obvious phenomenon that according to these thinkers man always hankers after pleasure and avoid pain. Again according to these thinkers pleasure is that quality of mental process which man gets after the successful completion of an action entailing pleasurable perception with regard to a stupendous fortune.1

[1]. Padhi,N. C. and Panigrahi S.C ; Basic Principles of Ethics, Ch. VI, P. 80
[2]. Shina, J ; Manual of Ethics, Ch. VIII, P.71,72
[3]. Mill, J.S;The Logic of Moral Sciences, Ch.III, P.33
[4]. Wallace's Epicureanism, Ch. II, P. 29
[5]. Chatterjee, p ;Principles of Ethics, Ch. XI, P.144

Abstract: This study examines the effect of accessibility to basic healthcare services on the welfare of Muslim community in Uganda and thus maqasid al-shariah. The study has used a survey, where questionnaires were distributed to 350 respondents. Descriptive statistic and factor analysis were used in the data analysis. The findings reveal that lack of physical factors such as poor public healthcare services, inadequate human resources and poor healthcare infrastructure; inability to afford private healthcare services; and inappropriateness in terms of low public allocation, high corruption in public healthcare sector and use of personal savings rather than health insurance scheme are the most significant factors that affect accessibility to basic healthcare services to majority of muslim community in Uganda. These negatively affect their welfare and thus the very basic elements of Maqasid al-Shari'ah, i.e. to protect life, remove hardship and improve social welfare. This study suggests that Muslim community in Uganda should explore the possibility of using waqf-based models such as cash waqf and waqf shares scheme to raise fund for the construction of waqf hospitals and centers. Waqf models are successful in some Muslim countries like Malaysia, where the use of corporate waqf model increases the accessibility of affordable and high quality healthcare services to Muslim community in particular and societies at large. This study is a pioneering work that examines the effect of accessibility to basic healthcare services in Uganda and its implications for Maqasid al-Shariah.
Keywords: Accessibility, healthcare services, maqasid al-shariah, Muslim community, Uganda.

[1]. Starfield Barbara (2001). Glossary: Basic concepts in population health and health care, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, Vol. 55 PP 452-454.
[2]. International Labour Organisation (2008). "Social health protection: An ILO strategy towards universal access to health care"; Social Security Policy Briefings, Paper No 1, Social Security Department, ILO, Geneva. Online source, available at: www.ilo.org/public.
[3]. Scheil-Adlung, X. et al. (2006). "What is the Impact of Social Health Protection on access to Health Care, Health Expenditure and Impoverishment? A comparative Analysis of Three African Countries", ILO and WHO, Geneva; OECD, Paris. Online source available at: www.who.int/health_financing/DP.06.2.pdf.
[4]. Lamiraud, K., F. Boysen, and X. Scheil-Adlung (2005). "The impact of social health protection on access to health care, health expenditure and impoverishment: a case study of South Africa", Extension of Social Security (ESS) Paper Series 23,ILO,Geneva .Online source available at: www.ilo.org/public/english
[5]. Victor, R. Fuchs (2004). Reflections on the socio-economic correlates of health, Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 23.

Abstract: The laptop project is one of the flagship projects promised by the Jubilee government. The project is not only concerned with the hardware but is also meant to introduce changes in the primary school curriculum. There is currently a debate about how the implementation should take place or postponed because of a number of challenges. The current study sought to investigate the availability of Computer Studies Curriculum and the implementation of the laptops project in Public Primary Schools in Kericho County. The specific objective of the study was to establish schools' preparedness in Computer Studies curriculum content and implementation of laptops project in public primary schools in Kericho County. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design to study the preparedness of public primary schools in the implementation of laptops project. The target population was 45 public primary schools in Kericho County with 739 teachers and 3 TAC tutors. Therefore the sample for this study was 149 respondents from 9 schools. Purposeful selection was used to obtain the head teachers and TAC tutors while simple random selection was employed to obtain 149 teachers from nine schools. The research instruments used in this study for data collection were questionnaire and interview schedule. The questionnaires were given to teachers and head teachers while interview schedules were administered to the TAC tutors. Data was summarized using SPSS V 22 software then frequency tables and percentages were used to analyse the quantitative and qualitative information. From findings, major challenges faced by the schools which have contributed to the unpreparedness for the Computer Studies Curriculum implementation included lack of adequate training in ICT for teachers and administrators. The study findings suggest that for successful implementation of the laptops project in Kenya; innovative strategies that include training and equipping all the teachers in schools and ensuring that the school management committees are adequately informed of ICT use.
Keywords: Schools' preparedness, Computer Studies Curriculum, Implementation.

[1]. Aguyo, S. (2004) ―The Real Cost of Computers in Schools‖ in Getao & Werner (Eds.) Power Up With Information Technology, Archway Technology Management Ltd.: Nairobi.
[2]. Annan, K. (2001) ―Launching Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Task Force, Secretary General Appeals for Support from Private Sector‖ http://www.inicttaskforce.org/welcome accessed 11 December, 2013.
[3]. Central Bureau of Statistics, (2006) Ministry of Planning and Natural Resources, Republic of Kenya, http://www.cbs.go.ke accessed 5 December, 2014.
[4]. Cuban, Larry. (1986). ―Teachers and Machines: The Classroom Use of Technology Since 1920‖. Teachers College Press.
[5]. Look D. (2005). Discussion Paper: Impact of Technology on Education, PUSD Excellence Committee, December 2005. Retrieved on October 10, 2009 from http://pleasanton.k12.ca.us/Superintendent/Downloads/Technology.pdf

Abstract: One of the main and the most important objectives of Kalam is to create a firm belief in people's hearts, to keep this belief from the danger of doubts, and to effort for providing different methods and techniques in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah in this way. The aim of Sufism is also to educate self-ego and to preserve the belief within this moral axis. Seyyid Burhaneddin Tirmidhi is an important Sufi who was born at the end of the XII century and lived in the first half of the XIII century. His significance comes from his being the first master of Rumi by teaching him theological and mystical aspect of Islam for a long time. This article examines theological opinions of Seyyid Burhaneddin who has a significant place in the Sufi circles and the Anatolian Islamic culture.
Keywords: Seyyid Burhaneddin, Rumi, Sufism, Faith, Tirmidhi, Kayseri.

[1]. Ankaravî, İsmâil Rusûhî.Şerh-i Mesnevî. İstanbul, 1289.
[2]. Bilgin, Muhammed Bilgin.Kur‟an‟a Göre Şirk ve Müşrikler. Unpublished doctoral dissertationUludağ Üniv.SBE, Bursa, 1992.
[3]. Bilmen, Ömer Nasuhi.Muvazzaf İlm-i Kelam. İstanbul, 1972.
[4]. Boynukalın, Mehmet, "Tebliğ", Diyânet İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA),v. 40. İstanbul, 2011.
[5]. Buhari, Ebû Abdullah.el-Camiu‟s-Sahi. İstanbul, 1981.

Abstract: Culture is another most effective media of the Bodo community to express and expose their strong century old social and cultural heritage before the world community. Literary, in today's context, Boo is a well developed language. But unlike many of the Tribal society of India, the Bodo culture is yet to be developed on pure scientific platform with a true scientific spirit. It is true that in the advent of today's Information Technology if any culture of the world is not based on scientific analysis it cannot enjoy the full benefit of Information technology in practice. From the very beginning the Bodos have some sports & games and their recreation centres with their own methods. They played them to forget their tired and to busy for next works, and to enjoy in their busy life. Some of the most important games and sports of the Bodos are highlighted on this paper. So, the main aim of this paper is to collect the traditional sports and games which is mostly related to recreations of the Bodos, analyse them in scientific way, preserve them and spread all over the world community.
Keywords: cultural, heritage, preserve, recreation, traditional.

[1]. Chatterji S.K.: "kirata – Jana – Kriti", reprint 1998, p-16
[2]. http:/www.mcgregor.continuumbooks.net/media/13: "Survey of the world languages", p-9
[3]. Dorson R.M. (ed): "Folklore and Folklife; An Introduction", p-173
[4]. Sarma S.N.: "A Socio-Economic and Cultural History of Medieval Assam", p-319
[5]. http:/ www.wekpidia:, Fourth International Conference of Ministers and Senior Officials in charge of Physical Education and Sport (MINEPS IV), Collective consultation aimed at creating an international platform for the promotion and development of traditional sportsand games) andCollective consultation in view of proposing an International Platform to promote and develop the Traditional Sport and Games.

Abstract: This paper explores Eurasianism as an ideology in Russia by taking the central Asia as an example to explain this kind of phenomena which has occupied a significant place the international political stage especially after the cold war.
Keywords: Eurasia, Eurasianism, Eurasianists.

[1]. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Grand Chessboard, )Alahliya for publication and distribution, second edition, 2007, Amman-Jordan(
[2]. Alexander Dugin, The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia ,(the new united Dar book, 1997, Tripoli Great Jamahiriya)
[3]. Fahmi Abdul Qader Mohammed, the entrance to the strategic study, (Dar Majdalawi, the first edition in 2006, Amman-Jordan(
[4]. Almkhadma Rezzig Abdul Qader, the new international system between fixed and variable, Office of University Publications, second edition 2003, Algeria(
[5]. Barnes Pierre, the twenty-first century will not be an American, translation: short-Madani, （The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, the first edition in 2003, Beirut-Lebanon）

Abstract: This paper aimed to explore the Russian strategy in central Asia especially the Caspian, explain why this place became so important on the international political stage, moreover, and provide the key elements of Russian strategy and its optional agenda for the future development there. Through this paper you will discover several facts about Russian influence and its active role there. Then understand why the U.S. came to the central Asia and what is the target behind the American intervention in Afghanistan.
Keywords: Central Asia, Caspian, Commonwealth, Russian strategy.

[1]. Dina Amar , "Caspian's energy pipelines network… paths competition", Al-Ahram newspaper , April3(2010)
[2]. available at http://digital.ahram.org.eg
[3]. Jana borisovena, "the disputes about Caspian's wealth" , Al-Bayan magazine, no 271, July3,2011
[4]. available at http://www.albayan.co.uk
[5]. Jad jeiyv , the geopolitics of Caucasus ,( Moscow international relations press,2001 ),p 213. available in Russian.