IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: Entrepreneurship is increasingly being accepted as an important and innovative strategy for improving the livelihood and economic independence of young people. Also, information and communication technology (ICT) is believed to help the youths develop varied skills including entrepreneurial skills. This paper examines the role of ICT education in enhancing youth entrepreneurship in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Relying on Bandura's theory of self efficacy, the paper explains that youth's firm belief that they can radically change their life influences their motivation, decision, and ability to establish and run an enterprise; and that ICT education plays a crucial role in developing appreciable levels of self efficacy and entrepreneurial spirit in the youths. Data for the study were generated through the questionnaire administered to 1,890 respondents.

[1]. Adegun, O. A. and Akomolafe, C. O. (2013). Entrepreneurship Education and Youth Empowerment in Contemporary Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Education, 2(5) June: 52-57.
[2]. Adejumo, G. (2001). Indigenous entrepreneurship development in Nigeria: characteristics, problems and prospects. Advances in Management: Journal of Department of Business Administration, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria, 2(1): 112-122.
[3]. Agbeze, C. (2012). Entrepreneurship: The Need to Create WealthWhy Not Now. Ohafia Today, 2(32): 7-12.
[4]. Aina, B.S and Salako, H.A. (2008). Determinants of foreign direct investment in Nigeria: an empirical investigation. CBN Economic and Financial Review vol. 39, No. 1 March.
[5]. Akanbi, S. T. (2013). Familial Factor, Personality Traits and Self-efficacy as Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among Vocational Based College of Education Students in Oyo State, Nigeria. The African Symposium, 13(2) Dec.: 67-81.

Abstract: Street harassment occurs in all parts of the world, is known by many names, and is often excused as a cultural practice[1]. It affects women of all classes and ethnicities, in rural and urban areas.Street harassment is a form of sexual harassment that consists of unwanted comments, wolf-whistles, "catcalling," and other actions by strangers in public areas. According to Chilean President Michelle Bachelet, "violence and harassment against women and girls in public spaces remains a largely neglected issue, with few laws or policies in place to address it[2] It is distinguishable from workplace harassment.

[1] "Statistics – Academic and Community Studies," Stop Street Harassment, accessed August 2, 2013,http:// www .stopstreetharassment.org/resources/statistics/statistics-academic-studies/. [2] Bachelet, Michelle (21 February 2013). "Making cities safe for women and girls". The Guardian. Inter Press Service. Retrieved 31 October 2014. [3] Williams, H. (2001), Maintaining a harassment-free workplace: APC (accessed January 24:18:25, http://www.apsc.gov.au/publications01/harassment.htm
[4] Ho, I. K., Dinh, K. T., Bellefontaine, S. A., & Irving, A. L. (2012). Sexual harassment and posttraumatic stress symp- toms among Asian and White women. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21(1), 95–113.
[5] Lenton, R., Smith, M., Fox, J., & Morra, N. (1999). Sexual harassment in public places: Experiences of Canadian women. Canadian Journal of Anthropology, 36(4), 517–540.

Abstract: HIV is a global health issue. Communication has been identified as the 'social vaccine' against the spread of HIV. This means that a positive outcome for any HIV communication initiative implies success at combating the virus. The issue of HIV & AIDS has been beset by lingering controversies, which call into question, the reality of HIV as the cause of AIDS; the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs; the validity of the HIV-positive test; the 'killer effect' of AIDS, among other issues. This study utilized survey questions on: dependency on the media for information on HIV & AIDS; exposure to media HIV & AIDS campaign messages; knowledge of HIV & AIDS; awareness of HIV & AIDS controversies; believability of HIV & AIDS controversies and believability of media HIV & AIDS campaign messages, to investigate HIV & AIDS controversies vis-a-vis the response to HIV & AIDS communication, by a target Nigerian youth audience.

[1]. C. Maggiore, What if everything you thought you knew about AIDS was wrong? (Studio City, California: The American Foundation for AIDS Alternative., 2000)
[2]. J. Lauritsen, History of the controversy, Rethinking AIDS conference, Oakland, California, 2009.
[3]. D.Gutierrez,. Scientists allege fraud in 1984 HIV/AIDS papers. NaturalNews.com. Retrieved from http://www.naturalnews.com/025787_fraud_HIV_AIDS.html, November 2014
[4]. T.C. Smith, and S.P. Novella, HIV denial in the Internet era,. PLOS Med, 4 (8), 2007, 256.
[5]. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS/World Health Organization; Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

Abstract: Globalization (or globalization ) in literal sense is a process of transformation of regional or local phenomena into global ones. Globalization is making a considerable impact on all aspect of human life directly or indirectly in everywhere in the world and it is multidimensional. All the economic, technological, economic, socio-cultural, and political forces act combine in the process of transformation of lifestyle of any community in everywhere and at every level. Globalization process is also called modernization which include development of science and technology and, communication by which all the places are interconnected and people become more migratory.

[1] Das A.K eds,West Bengal Tribes ;Bulletin of CRI,Kolkata,1991,p2-4
[2] Impact of Globalization on tribal economy, by Prof. V.K.Rao; Rawat Publication,2007.
[3] Impact of Globalization on Tribal Group in India by Dr. Alok Chantia and Preeti Misra,2009 .
[4] Impact of Globalization on Tribals by Mathew Aerlhayi, 2009.
[5] Concept and Nature in Globalization: Myth and Reality by Gobinda Prasad, Anil Dutta ( Eds.) Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2004, p3-23.

Abstract: Dot is one of the symbols used in the sign system of map graphics and is treated as the most primitive symbolisation forms in thematic cartography. This symbol belongs to the category of point symbols which 'do not belong to the geographical shapes or sizes of the phenomena represented' (Wright,1944[1]). This classification of map symbols is mainly based on the form characteristics of the symbols. These form characteristics are often matched with the mode of occurrence of the spatial data to emphasise the spatial characteristics the referent data.

[1]. Wright, J.K. (1944) The Terminology of Certain Map Symbols', Geog. Rev. 34, 653-654

[2]. Montizon Frère de (1830) Carte Philosophique Figurant la Population le da France

[3]. Robinson Arthur H. (1982) Early Thematic Mapping in the History of Cartography, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

[4]. Dahlberg, Richard E. (1967) Towards the Improvement of the Dot Map'. International Yearbook of Cartography, 7, 157-167

[5]. MacEachren, A.M. (1982) The Role of Complexity and Symbolisation Method in Thematic Map Effectiveness. Annals Assoc. Am. Geogr., 72 (4), 495-513

Abstract: The use of Indian monumental and architectural elements and photography in the Indian visual art and advertising can be traced from the times of British Raj in Indian subcontinent. The study reveals the importance of visual culture of architectural images in advertising and communication. India is large country with many cultures and subcultures. It becomes important for the Indian consumer products manufacturer to reach and persuade the vast and varied background audience into action. During the eighties and nineties some of the fast moving consumer product companies made use of the famous Indian monumental architectural structures as images in their packaging as well as advertisements. These trends and visual culture of monumental architecture, projection of film actors in advertisements help to build and represent the culture, technology, art of the land.

Key words: visual culture, monumental architecture, art history, aesthetics, advertising, techniques and technology

[1]. The Dynamics of Advertising, Barry Richards, Lain MacRury, Jackie Botterill.
[2]. Decoding Advertisement: Ideology and meaning in advertisements, Williamson, Judith (1978), London.
[3]. Visual Culture Methodologies---an introduction to the interpretation of visual materials, Gillon Rose, --- sage publication
[4]. The Visual Culture reader, Nicholes Mirzoeff, Routledge, 1998.
[5]. Art, Design & visual culture Malcolm Barnard, -- New York, Martins Press
[6]. The relating visual culture, Jessica Evans

Abstract: The general approach to A House for Mr. Biswas is to examine it as the story of Mr. Biswas who is 'trapped' by marrying into a family that is ever ready to destroy his individuality and render him merely to the state of labourers like his fellow brothers-in-law. He is always treated as someone intensely suffering from such postcolonial issues like 'homelessness', 'alienation', 'identity crisis' etc. Nonetheless, while redressing his sufferings, a very little thought is given to the daughters of Hanuman House.

[1]. Naipaul, V.S. A House for Mr. Biswas. London: Picador, 2003
[2]. Ganjewar, D.N. Philosophic Vision in the Novels of V.S. Naipaul. New Delhi: Adhyayan Publisher & Distributors, 2008
[3]. Rohlehr, Gordon. Character and Rebellion in A House for Mr. Biswas, Critical Perspectives on V.S. Naipaul. Robert D. Hammer, [ed.], London: Heinemann, 1977.

Abstract: paper purposely discusses management of print non-current records materials in university library-based archive in university library. The print non-current records materials have varieties of values for decision making. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Questionnaire and interview were used for data collection. Forty seven (47) copies of questionnaires were administered to librarians who work in Nigerian university libraries and thereby attended 52nd National Conference of Nigerian Library Association (NLA) held at Enugu State, Nigeria from 22nd-27th June,2014. Hence, the population of the study was accidentally selected at the conference. The questionnaire consists of Table 1 and 2. Table 1 was designed to know the availability of university library-based archive in Nigerian university library.

[1]. Bello, S. (2013). Electronic Records Management in Three Oil and Gas Companies in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. A Master project Submitted to the Department of Library and Information Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
[2]. Bello, S. A. Azubuike, C. G and Onyam, I. D. (2014). Availability and Utilization of Electronic Information Resources for Information Works by Library Staff in Kogi State University Library, Anyigba, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 9 (3): 1196-1205. http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/ on 4/2/2014
[3]. Crockett, M. (2006). The National Archives Records Management Guides: What is Recor Management?, Retrieved http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/what_rec_man.pdf. on 6/ 7/ 2012
[4]. Ekere, F.C (2012) Archive Administration. Master Students Lecture Note at University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
[5]. Fabunmi, B. A. (2004). Planning the University Library for Effective Customer Services in Nigeria. In: Technology for Information Management and Service: Modern Libraries and Information Centers in Developing Countries. (ed) Madu, E. C. Ibadan: Evi-Coleman Publications.

Abstract: India has so many stories to tell about the past, present and the future. It is true that a nation is not there if it is not part of one‟s own consciousness. A nation does not exist as a physical entity, but lives by and speaks to us through the culture-soul. The present paper is intended to examine Amitav Ghosh‟ treatment of nationalism in "The Shadow Lines" (1988), which as a memory novel, sketches few historical events like the freedom movement in Bengal, the Second World War and the Partition of India in 1947 and the communal riots in Bangladesh and India

[1]. Ghosh, Amitav. The Shadow Lines [New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publishers,2001.
[2]. Kaul, AN. A Reading of The Shadow Lines. In The Shadow Lines. By Amitav Ghosh Delhi; Oxford UO.1995. pp. 299-309.
[3]. Kaul, Suvir. Separation Anxiety: Growing up Inter/National in The Shadow lines. pp. 268-286.
[4]. Bagchi, Nivedita. ―The Process of Validation in Relation to Materiality and Historical Reconstruction in Amitav Ghosh‗s The Shadow Lines.‖ Modern Fiction Studies 39:1 (Spring 1993). pp. 187-202. Postcolonial Studies at Emory Pages.‗ www.emory.edu 20th Feb 2002
[5]. Dixon, R. ‗Traveling in The West‗ The Writing of Amitav Ghsoh. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature. 2003: 10.

Abstract: Religion is an important social force which influences human behaviour from the very beginning of human history. Man believes in supernatural power which he names as "God", and takes all efforts to please that power through the medium of song, dance, ritual, ceremony and sacrifice. Religious practices helps man in his social and economic life and the religious emotion of man may be perceived as it is manifested in art and literature. The present study is to find out the religious attitude of the school students of different social and educational background, and to know whether the religious behaviour of the people is influenced by their sex, educational, religious and cultural differences.

[1]. O. P. Kohli Students' Attitude Towards Religion –First edition -1996-Publish by KM Rai mittal and mittal publication-New delhi.
[2]. M.Rajamanakim (1962) A Study of Student Attitudes toward Religion, the Spiritual and the Supernatural-The Journal of Social Psychology –Annamalai University, South India
[3]. Sharifi F.2011. The investigation of the relationship religious attitude with autonomous self-regulation of male and female students. the 1st conference on cognitive sciences findings and education.
[4]. W.S. Campbell (eds), Research in Religious Education,. Leominster: Gracewing

Abstract: The paper contends that political socialization, the process by which citizenship orientations are transmitted, is conditioned by shifts in the political, social, and economic contexts at the community, nation state, and international levels. The complexities that characterize the political socialization process and its outcomes become especially evident during periods of transition and upheaval. Election is an irreducible feature of democratic governance and the 2015 general elections in Nigeria have come and gone. The thrust of this paper focuses on the impact of political socialization on the just concluded general election in Nigeria. Having a strong grasp of how the socialization process works, the paper provides us with tremendous insights into the changes that took place in the general elections.

[1]. Aiyede, E. R. (2008). The Role of INEC, ICPC and EFCC in Combating Political Corruption‖ in V. A. O. Adetula (ed.) Money and Politics in Nigeria, Abuja: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES).
[2]. Alfa, P. I. (2012). Political Violence and the Negation of Democratic stability in Nigeria: Implication for the fourth republic. Journal Social Science and Public Policy, 4, 84 – 92.
[3]. Almond, Y. et al (2008). Comparative Politics Today. London: Longman.
[4]. Beck, Paul Allen (1997); ―The Role of Agents in Political Socialization,‖ in Stanley Allen Renshon (ed.), Handbook of Political Socialization Theory and Research. New York: The Free Press: 115-142.

Abstract: Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being(WHO,1984). The Santals are one of the Munda peoples who live mainly in the state of Jharkhand, Bihar, west Bengal, Odisha and Assam(Social Geography, Ahmad Ajiazuddn).The Santhals, who number more than 5 millions, consider themselves as a<<tribal>> people speaking a different language (austro-asiatic) and sharing a way of live which implies values different from those of the Hindus (Tambas Lyche.M.C.2007).In case of social structure it shows that the most of the Santhal live in PaschimMedinipore, the district of WB. The people of the Santhal society mainly depends on subsistence farming They leads a very simple and distinct life .

[1]. Ahmad, Aijazuddin: Social Geography
[2]. Williams, David(2004) :Condorcet and Modernity. Cambridge University Press, London.
[3]. Mohapatra, Sitakanta(1986): Modernization and Ritual Identity and Change in Santal Society, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
[4]. De Haan, Arjan, Calcutta Labour Migratus (2000):-Encounters with Mordernity, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
[5]. Ghosh, Biswajit (1994):Contested Boundaries and Multiple Identities- and Ethnicity Politics in Morden India, Bharat Vidya Vol.1, No- 1 pages- 86.93.
[6]. Jaquctte, Jne S. "Women and Modernization Theory" World Politics (1982).

Abstract: The breaking point refers to the point at which a person breaks down, can endure no more, or finally reaches a point where a permanent change is made. This is typically related to stressful or highly emotional situations, in which a person will be forced to cope with something that particularly challenges them. The breaking point for each individual person may be different; some people respond particularly well to stressful situations, while others have a much lower point at which a situation becomes too much to endure.Vikranthadbeenadevotedarmysepoy.BeingaRajputfromRajasthan,thecommitmentandchivalry of this soldierwasexemplary. However, life took adifferent turn for himwhen hefoundhimself understressanddelusion,whichwascaused.

[1]. Mary,ColMartin.M. (2004), "MilitaryStress&Performance",MilitaryMedicine,US AirForce,pp. 162-169.
[2]. "Stress",OB CompendiumVol1, Secunderabad,CollegeofDefenceManagement,2011, pp.80-109.(Unpublished).
[3]. Menna,Amy. (2011), "SuicideandtheMilitary",retrieved from www.psychcentral.com/lib/2011,
[4]. Stress,"Psychologists helpreducestressintheMilitary",Feb 2004,Vol35,No. 2,retrieved from www.apa.org/monitor/feb04/reduce/aspx.
[5]. Stress,retrieved from www.lifepositive.com/mind/psychology/stress/stress.asp.