IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2016

Abstract: Ethics in journalism is the symbols of morals that journalists are supposed to uphold. These consist of a commitment to revealing the truth objectivity without being subjective by self-interest; maintaining the privacy of sources and attributing what is said to the appropriate source. This paper focuses on examining journalism ethics in Nigerian news media, how Nigerian journalists report issues concerning different region; does Nigerian journalist abide by the Code of Ethics. The research examined how Nigerian journalists carry out their duties. The study used Critical Discourse Analyses (CDA) as methodology. The research begins with brief introduction, background of Nigeria, Nigerian media structure at a glance, discussing ethical concept as well as ethical theories. The research figures out that, Nigerian journalists in one way or the other violated code of ethics of the profession.

Keywords: Journalism Ethics, Media, Journalists, News, Nigeria

[1] Akinfeleye, R. (2003), Fourth Estate of the Realm or Fourth Estate of the Wreck: Imperative of Social Responsibility of the press" Lagos: Lagos press
[2] Akinfeleye, R. (2008). "Contemporary issues in mass media for development and national security" Lagos: Matthouse Press Limited
[3] Aku, T. "The Nigerian media and Nigerian image" retrieved 18th Nov.2013 from www.gamji.com
[4] Black, J. And Roberts, C. (2011), "Doing ethics in media: theories and practical applications" New York: Routledge.
[5] Briggs, A. And Burke, P. (2005), "A Social History of the Media: From Gutenbeerg to the internet" Cambridge: Polity Press.

Abstract: Manual tasks in many operational settings can force individuals in awkward postures that may cause human discomfort, musculoskeletal fatigue, and disorders. Designers often fail to reasonably take into account human capabilities and body postures. This study shared the designer to choose one of the available drafting tables which characterize of causing fewer work stresses. There were three evaluation methodologies implemented to differentiate between the two types of tables. Electromyogram (EMG) measure, subjective assessment and biomechanical technique were applied to demonstrate the importance of introducing the use of these tools in the design for human beings. Results of the study proved that adjustable table had less biomechanical and muscular stresses when compared to fixed surface table. Also, the adjustable table had more comfort ratings when compared to fixed surface table.

Keywords: Drafting, biomechanics, sEMG, perceived exertion, drawing table, posture analysis

[1] P .van Wely, Design and disease. Applied Ergonomics 1(5), 1970, 262-264.
[2] W.F. Floyd, and J.S. Ward, Posture in industry, International Journal of Production Research, 5, 1966, 213-224.

[3] L. Lung, Y. Shih, P. Sung, and Y.L. Hsin, Working height and parts bin position effects on upper limb muscular strain for repetitive hand transfer. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 50, 2015, 178-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.09.016
[4] D.L. Keester, C.M. Sommerich, Investigation of musculoskeletal discomfort, work postures, and muscle activation among practicing tattoo artists, Applied Ergonomics, 58, 2017, 137-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.006
[5] S.A. Workineh, and H.Yamaura, Multi-position ergonomic computer workstation design to increase comfort of computer work, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 53, 2016, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.10.005

Abstract: The aim of this paper was to analyze the journey of a lifetime to be able to perform as a woman, wife, mother, professional, and researcher in adversity. This article consists of three sections and conclusions: the first describes some of the major conflicts and tensions that can cause violence between the couple live; the second presents a synthesis of equity and gender; the third deals with the causes and consequences and how to overcome adversity. The arguments and examples raised are empirical situations. The present contribution presents a social problem and as a reflection on the woman should not hesitate to break paradigms to sex, motherhood, profession, economy and spirituality

Keywords: Communication; gender equality; ethical values; violence; gender perspective

[1] Rodríguez F y. CórdovaL. Violencia en la pareja: manifestaciones concretas y factores asociados.Espacio Abierto Cuaderno Venezolano de Sociología2009; 18: 323-338.
[2] Castrillón-Rois, M. J., L. E. Gómez-Bermúdez, y E. Santos-Morenos. (2013). Equidad de géneroen el Mercado Laboral.Global Conference on Business and Finance Proceedings2013;8: 1307-1318.
[3] Colbert D. Deadly Emotions. EUA: Thomas Nelson Publishers 2007.
[4] Blitchtein-Winicki D y Reyes-Solari E. Factores asociados a violencia física reciente de pareja hacia la mujer en el Perú, 2004-2007. RevPeruMedExp Salud Pública2012;29: 35-43.
[5] Kumar-Acharya A y Salas-Stevanato A. Preferencia por hijos varones y escasez de mujeres en India. Papeles de Población2006; 48: 205-225.

Abstract: Skin bleaching as expressed in various forms by some black men and women in Africa provides a rich text for us to interrogate the social construction and reconstruction of the human body towards social relations and as a metaphoric lens for the analysis of developmental issues in Africa. Skin bleaching, as a social and tangible experience on the continent of Africa, is a complex phenomenon that demands a multi-layered system of analysis. This paper draws its inspiration from Azibo's(2011) conceptualization of skin bleaching as a mental disorder characterized as "psychological misorientation and mental disorder"..............

Keywords – skin bleaching, the body, beauty, development, Africa.

[1] Achebe, C (1988). Bill Moyers' World of Ideas: Chinua Achebe. A transcript of Radio Presentation aired on 29 September, 1988, New York, USA.
[2] Adebajo, S. (2002). An epidemiological survey of the use of cosmetic skinlightening cosmetics
among traders in Lagos, Nigeria. West African Journal ofMedicine, 21(1), 51-55.
[3] Ajose, RO. (2005). Consequences of Skin Bleaching in Nigerian Men and Women. TheInternationalSociety of Dermatology, 44 (1): 41-43.
[4] Akbar, N. (1981). Mental disorder among African Americans. Black BooksBulletin, 7 (2), 18-25.
[5] Anekwe, ON (2014). The global phenomenon of skin bleaching: A crisis in public health
(Part 1). Voices in Bioethics. Retrieved on 25 June 2016. Retrieved from: https://voicesinbioethics.org/2014/01/29/the-global-phenomenon-of-skin-bleaching-a-crisis-in-public-health-an-opinion-editorial-part-1/

Abstract: For some time in Argentina, and especially in Buenos Aires City, we have been conducting research on the structure of sensibilities. One of these experiences is based on the question of this paper: What does it mean to be happy for someone who lives in Buenos Aires? Are porteños, those who live in Buenos Aires, happy? This paper seeks to describe one of the most important components of contemporary politics of emotions: the state of happiness in Buenos Aires...........

Key words :- Buenos Aires, Enjoyment, Happiness, Normalized, Sensibilities

[1] N. Mustafa, What About Gross National Happiness?, Time, New York, 10 January 2005. Accessed 21 March 2015, Available from: http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1016266,00.html.
[2] J. E. Stiglitz, A. Sen and J. P. Fitoussi, Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, September 2009. Accessed 21 March 2015, Available from: http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf.
[3] J. Sachs, Chapter 1. Introduction, in J. Helliwell, R. Layard and J. Sachs (Ed.), World Happiness Report Sustainable Development Solutions Network (New York: United Nations, 2013).
[4] J. Helliwell and S. Wang, Chapter 2. The state of world happiness, in J. Helliwell, R. Layard and J. Sachs (Ed.), World Happiness Report Sustainable Development Solutions Network (New York: United Nations, 2013).
[5] R. Layard, A Brookings briefing: Happiness: Lessons from a new science Wednesday, February 9, The Brookings Institution Miller Reporting Co., Inc., Transcript produced from a tape recording, Washington, D.C., 2005.

Abstract: This paper presents a practical guide on relevant methods to be applied when carrying out research on pastoral livelihoods. It is apparent in the discussions that no single method could provide a holistic approach in understanding how pastoral households are able to sustain their livelihoods in increasingly arid conditions where they occupy. Combinations of different methods are discussed where each serves a different but complementary role within the overall research design. The research methods includes: documentary review, observation and informal interview...........

Keywords – Sustainable livelihoods, methods, key informant and household

[1] Bryman, A. (2004). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[2] Crosbie, W. (2005). The Essential Reseach Skills. Suva, Fiji: Amokura Publications.
[3] Cross, C., and Mngadi, T. (1998). Poverty at Ground Zero: Social Capital and Economic Shocks in Rural Kwazulu-Natal. Washington, DC: IFPRI (International Food Policy Research).
[4] DFID (2001). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets: Retrieved May 12, 2006, from http:/www.livelihoods.org/info/info_guidancesheets.html
[5] Ellis, F. (2000). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.

Abstract: Religion is a fundamental element of human life, therefore, freedom of religion, no religion and proselytized should be respected and guaranteed. Expression of freedom of religion gives a broad sense that includes the building of houses of worship, assemble, worship, establish social institutions, publications, and contacts with individuals and institutions in religious matters at the national or international level. In the Criminal Code, Article 156 and 156a has been set on the issue of defamation of religion. In a sense, that every person who commits acts that lead to hostility, hatred, and desecration of a particular religion may be liable

Keywords: Defamation, Legality, Crime

[1] Jalaludin, Psikologi Agama, Jakarta: Raja Grapindo Persada, 2005.
[2] P. Lamintang, Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Indonesia, Bandung: PT. Citra Adityta Bakti, 1996.
[3] Mudzakkir, "Delik Penghinaan dalam Pemberitaan Pers Mengenai Pejabat Publik," Jurnal Dictum, 2004.
[4] L. Loqman, "Seminar Tentang Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana Nasional," in Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Bekerjasama Dengan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 2004.
[5] Y. Arafat, Undang-undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945 dan Perubahannya, Permata Press, 2003.

Abstract: This paper discusses juncture typology found in four languages; Balinese, Sikka, Indonesian the language of West-Austronesia, and English an Indo-European as contrastive model. Building on the work by Sedeng (2000) on the complex predicate of Sikka the language spoken in a district of Sikka East-Florest that showed the model of nuclear and core junctures since it is an isolating language seen from morphological typology. The comparative study is inspired by the work of Sedeng (2010) on the "Sembiran Balinese a Morphosyntactic Approach" in which the juncture type is similar to the ones found in Lowland Balinese...........

Keywords: juncture, causative, applicative, isolating, agglutinative, dependent marking

[1] Alex Alsina, Joan Bresnan, and Peter Sells (Eds.), Complex Predicates. Stanford: CSLI.
[2] Alwi, Hasan.Et.al, 1993. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta
[3] Baker, Mark C. 1993. Complex Predicates and Agreement in Polysynthetic Languages. In Alex Alsina, Joan Bresnan, and Peter Sells (Eds.), Complex Predicates. Stanford: CSLI.
[4] Katamba, Francis. 1993. Morphology. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
[5] Matthews, P.H. 1974. Morphology. A Introduction to the theory of word-structure. Cambridge University Press..