IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2016

Abstract: The present paper deals with the women offenders and the justice delivery system. As the historical neglect of the female offender as a meaningful research subject, little empirical data address the processing of women offenders from the initial point of arrest through conviction. While talking of punishment a simple question always arises in mind: Do women appear to be more favorably treated by the courts for the commission of the same offenses as men? Generations.........

Keywords: Chivalry, Crime, Criminal Justice System, Prisons and Women offenders.

[1]. Bedi, Kiran. (1998). It‟s Always Possible: Transforming One of the Largest Prisons of the World. Sterling Publishers: New Delhi, p.341.
[2]. Manheim, Hermann. (1940). Social Aspects of Crime in England between the Wars. Allen and Unwin: London, p.343.
[3]. Eaton, M. (1986). Justice for Women. Open University Press: Milton Keynes.
[4]. Nagel, Ilene. (1980). "Sex Differences in the Processing of Criminal Defendants‟, in D. Kelly Weisberg (ed.): Women and the Law: The Social Historical Perspective. Schenkman: New York.
[5]. Moulds, E. (1980). "Chivalry and Paternalism: Disparities of Treatment in the Criminal Justice System‟, in Datesman, S. and Scarpitti, F. (eds.): Women, Crime and Justice. Oxford University Press: New York.

Abstract: Public finance system is organised in different ways and designed with the multitier and hierarchical structure of government with different arrangements of powers of raising revenue to incur expenditure and to finance the developmental activities. Madhya Pradesh state finances experiencing alarming deterioration in during the last decade resulting fiscal and primary deficits, increases in the indebtedness and contingent........

Key Words:- Fiscal, , Madhya, buoyancy, compliance taxation.

[1]. Commission On Centre-State Relations( 2010) " Report -Centre-State Financial Relations And Planning". Volume I .

[2]. finance Commission " Report of fourteenth finance commission , available at www.fincomindia.nic.in

[3]. Government of M.P. ( 2013) " Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on State Finances", Available at www.agmp.nic.in
[4]. Jha Raghbendra,(2014), " Indirect Tax Reform and Fiscal Federaliam in India", ASARC Working Paper 2013/09.
[5]. Rao Govinda and Sen Tapas (2011)," Federalism and fiscal reform in India" NIPFP,working paper no. 2011-84.

Abstract: Marxism theory education has academic and practical, this article embarks from the academic and practical, the Marxist ideology in the construction of our country, existing problems were discussed, and on this basis, put forward views, reveals some of Marxism philosophy research to ponder and must solve the problem.

Key words: Marx doctrine; practice; academic

[1]. Cao Yizhe. (2005). Study on Marx's ideology of contemporary China. Jilin: Jilin University.
[2]. Chen Shuguang.(2008). Reflection on the popularization of Marxism in the 30 years of reform and opening up. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 12,133
[3]. Li Xinyu.(2012). Return to the practice of Marx ideology .Dalian:Liaoning University.
[4]. Marx.(2000). 1844 Economics and Philosophy Manuscript, Beijing: People's publishing house.
[5]. Marx, Engels.(1995). Marx Engels anthology volume fourth, Beijing: People's Publishing House .

Abstract: Family is a basic institution in social system. Husband, wife and their kids included in a family. Family is central institution in society. Familiar relationship is the base of every family. Family always shows the social changes, family extension and family disorganization. Family disorganization is a last stage in family institution. Family is a first school in life of man where mother and father are the first gurus. Family is a main source of socialization and social control............

Keywords: Problems, Effects, Solution, Status, Role Etc

[1]. Shulamitz, Reinharz and Lynn Davidman, 1991, Feminist Research Methods, New York, Oxford University Press.
[2]. Srinivas, M.N., Caste Its Modern Avatar, New Delhi, Penguin (Leela Dube‟s Article on Caste and Women)
[3]. Vaid, S and K Sangari, 1989, Recasting Women Essays in Colonial History, New Delhi.
[4]. Agarwal, B, 1994, A Field of One‟s Own Gender and Land Rights in South Asia, Cambridge University Press.
[5]. Channa Karuna, 1988, Socialization, Women and Education: Explorations in GenderIdentity, New Delhi, Orient Longman.

Abstract: Ending inequalities is a laudable objective. However it is more easily tackled if at first equal opportunities in food, shelter, education and health care are made available. Disparities in income and wealth are often due to crony capitalism or rentiering, Schumpeterian entrepreneurship and innovation, scientific and technological breakthrough, or just luck........

Keywords: Deprivations; Universal education and health; Marxian power associations, Inequalities

[1]. Debraj Ray (1998) Development Economics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Pp 180-186
[2]. 25 Richest Hedge Fund Managers. Available at http://www.investmentweek.co.uk/investment-week/news/2405579/odey-nets-gbp580m-to-rise-up-rich-list-rankings?utm_source=taboola&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=dailykos
[3]. Angus Deaton (2015) ‗I Both Love Inequality and I'm Terrified of It' Wall Street Journal, Available at http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/11/17/nobel-winner-angus-deaton-i-both-love-inequality-and-im-terrified-of-it/
[4]. Krugman, Paul (2015) Despair, American Style, Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/09/opinion/despair-american-style.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2FPaul%20Krugman&action=click&contentCollection=Opinion&module=Collection&region=Marginalia&src=me&pgtype=article&_r=0

Abstract: Crimes perpetrated in search of power are common features of many practicing democracies such as Nigeria. Therefore, political crimes are quite disturbing phenomena in contemporary Nigerian society. This is confirmed by obvious cases of cancelation of results by the electoral body and nullification of elections by various election tribunals owing to evidence of rigging, ballot box snatching, intimidation, harassment, killings and assassinations among others...........

Keywords: Politics, crimes, political crimes

[1]. Adejo, A.M. (2000). Police and Crime Control in Nigeria. African Journal of Economy and Society 2 (2) 34-35.
[2]. Atini, J. (2003 September 16). Governorship Election in Benue: Matters Arising. The Voice.
[3]. Asiegbu, T. (2010). Nigerian Youths and Political Thuggery: Retrieved from www.allafrica.com.
[4]. Borgatta, E.F and Montgomery R.J. (2000). (2nd ed). Encyclopedia of Sociology (Vol.3) New York, N.Y: Library of Congress Catalog in Publication.
[5]. Collier, P (2010). Wars, Guns and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. London: Vintage Books.

Abstract: Bank erosion is becoming a major natural hazard in Tripura which is having an immense importance in the socio-economic study. The present study aims to evaluate the socio-economic condition of some selected villages located along the Khowai River where the inhabitants are facing an intense bank erosion hazard in every year. The total area under erosion, from 1975 to 2014, has been estimated............

Keywords: Erosion hazard, Inhabitants, Khowai River, Land use, Socio-economic.

[1]. K.S. Ahmed, Distance Between two Populations: Displaced and Non-Displaced in Flood and Erosion Hazard Areas, Dhaka, River bank Erosion Impact Study Jahangirnagar University, 1991.
[2]. S. Chatterjee and B. Mistri, Impact of River Bank Erosion on Human Life: A Case Study in Shantipur Block, Nadia District, West Bengal, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 2 (8), 2013, 108-111.
[3]. M. Hamza and R. Zetter, Structural adjustment, urban systems and disaster vulnerability in developing countries, Cities, 15(4),1998, 291-299.
[4]. K. Sarthak, V. Ripple, M. Sanyukta and T. Manthan, A vulnerability assessment of human settlement on river banks: a case study of Vishwamitri River, Vadodara, India, Journal of Environmental Research and Development 9(3), 2015, 1015-1023.
[5]. G. McBean and I. Ajibade, Climate change related hazards and human settlements, Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 1(2), 2009, 179-186.

Abstract: Man basically is born as a seeker. He wanders between the past and the present. In his struggle he relives every past moment. The present paper is an attempt of studying the portrayal of characters in Shashi Deshpande's A Matter of Time (1996)and how the chain of the past memories keeps them bound and help them to define their present identities with the help of past. The novel under study revolves around the evolution of man-woman relationship through four generations. Shashi Deshpande, the well-known Indian Woman Novelist in English explores the characters who try to confront the truth by plunging into the past............

Keywords: Man-a seeker, past, present, progression, self-validation, truth.

[1] Deshpande, Shashi. A Matter of Time. New Delhi: Penguine Books, 1996. Print.

[2] Latham, Jacqueline E.M. (ed.), Critics on Mathew Arnold: Readings in Literary Criticism. New Delhi: Universal Book Stall, 1995. Reprint.

[3] Meaney, Gerardine. (Un) Like Subjects: Woman, theory, fiction. London: Routledge, 1993. Print.

[4] Parry, Benita. "Resistance Theory/ Theorising Resistance or Two Cheers for Nativism." In Mongia, Padmini. (ed.), Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A Reader. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997. Print.

Abstract: The changing scenario of technology coupled with market driven force makes an indelible impact on life style of all sections of society. It affects the economy as well as other aspects of social stratification, family and self image either consciously or unconsciously. This reconstitution of life style as a result of modernity gives rise to a different reflexive action quite deviated from traditionally accepted norms. This affects working women in particular leading to a risk society trying to tread a new path of balancing act...........

Keywords: Juggernaut of modernity, Work life balance and Reflexive action

[1]. Alston Philip , ''U.S. Ratification of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"(March 6, 2007)<http://www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78717.htm>.
[2]. Beck, Ulrich. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Thousand Oaks, C.A: Sages
[3]. Giddens, Anthony. 1990,1992 and 2013). The consequences of Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

[4]. Grzywacz, J G, Almeida, DM & McDonald, DA. 2002. Work-Family Spillover and DailyReports of Work and Family Stress in the Adult Labor Force. Family Relations 51 (1):28-36.

Abstract: Music has evolved as a powerful medium in past few years. Not just to communicate your thoughts and feelings but also with many aspects that could be termed as mysterious nature of music unrevealed. In today's mundane life the impression of music on one's personality behaviour is so impactful that this perceptual cognitive adherence of music could be seen and observed clearly the way one behave and react with music. It has more to do with the auditory inclination of every individual, be like romantic, sad, and pop, jazz opera and many more.............

Keywords: Auditory, Female, Gender, Male, Music, Perceptual, Personality.

[1]. Adorno, T.W. Frenkel – Brunswik, E., Levinson, D.J., & Sansford, R.N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York, NY
[2]. Allport, G.W. (1937). Personaity: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Allport, G.W. (1936). Trait names: A psycho lexical study. Psychological Monographs 47: 211.
[3]. Atkinson, Rita, L.; Richard C. Atkinson; Edward E. Smith; Daryl J. Bem; Susan Nolenhoeksema. (2000). Hilgard's Introduction to Psychology (13 ed.). Orlando, Florida: Harcourt College, Publishers, p. 437.
[4]. Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, p. 42.

Abstract: This study aims to identify the emotional intelligence (EQ) profiles among the Counseling Head teacher at daily middle school in Malaysia. 168 Counseling Head Teachers from 168 schools in the state of Selangor have been selected to participate in the study. Data was gathered using Malaysia Emotional Quotient Inventory (MEQI) by Noriah et al (2004) to measure emotional intelligence and Jobs Descriptive Index (JDI) by Smith (1985) and Iskandar (2008) to measure job satisfaction aspects.............

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, Counseling Head Teacher, Secondary Schools

[1]. Abdul Ghani, Abdul Aziz & Abdul Rashid (2012). EQ menjana Kecerdasan emosi: 21 aktiviti merangsang kecerdasan emosi. Batu Caves: PTS Professional Publishing Sdn.Bhd.
[2]. Abdul Karim Llin (1998). Masalah-masalah yang dirasakan oleh kaunselor dalam mengelola layanan bimbingan dan kaunseling di sekolah menengah.Jenjang Strata Satu Pendidikan Jurusan Psikologi pendidikan dan bimbingan. Fakulti Pendidikan: Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Bandung
[3]. Constantine, M.G. & Yeh, C.J. (2001).Multicultural training, Self-construals, and multicultural competence of school counselors, professional school counseling 4: 202-207
[4]. Constantine, Madonna, G. & Gainor.K.A. (2001). Emotional Intelligence and empathy: Their relation to multicultural competence of school counselors. Professional school counseling 5 (2): 131-138
[5]. Dzul Zabarrod (2009). Kecerdasan emosi. Kuantan: Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Abstract: The children who are deported in connection with some offence are looked at rather leniently as a category different from the general offenders or criminals. The terminology for underage offenders has also reflected this view of the society that takes a softer stand on them. The present term Children in Conflict with Law (CCL) is another pointer to this understanding of the society. This understanding of the society can be disputed or substantiated on the basis of the nature of wide range of variation of offences committed by the children............

Keywords: Conflict, Law, Home, Deported Children,CCL,Ferdinand Tonnies, Social organization

[1]. Adebayo, A.J. 2008 Rehabilitation and Control of Juvenile Delinquency Offenders.Yale: New Haven Teachers Institute.
[2]. Ahuja, Ram, 2003 Research Methods. Jaipur :Rawat Publication.
[3]. Bankston, C. III and Caldas, S. 1996 Adolescents and deviance in a Vietnamese American community: A theoretical synthesis. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 17, 159–181
[4]. Brown, S. 1998 Understanding Youth and Crime (Listening to Youth?) Buckingham: Open University Press.
[5]. Choueiri, et al 2004 Juvenile Delinquency – An International Case Study.WSO National Office for Lebanon.

Abstract: Human capital has been identified as the best indigenous choice available for economic growth. Over the years, government has made budgetary allocations in key human capital development sectors of education, health, and other forms of human resource areas with a view to accelerating economic growth. Making funds available is one thing; meeting the growth objective of such expenditure is another. This study explores the effects of human capital on Nigeria's economic growth within the ambience of neoclassical growth model with time series covering 1961-2010 period.............

Keywords: Economic Growth, Human Capital Development, Neoclassical Growth Model.

[1]. M. A. Adawo, Has Education Contributed to The Economic Growth of Nigeria? Journal of Economics and International Finance 3(1), 2010, 46-58.
[2]. M. Amir, M. Bilal and S. Muhammad, Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth with Emphasis on Intermediary Role of Technology: Time Series Evidence from Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6(1), 2011, 280-285.
[3]. M., Kasim, K. Mori, and J. Sylvia, Human Capital Investment: Literature Review Analysis and a Study Case among Kadazan-Dusun of Pulutan Village, Menggatal, Kota Kinazan, Sabah, Malaysia. Medwell Journals 5(3) 2010, 31-43.
[4]. T.W. Swan, Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation. Economic Record (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1956).
[5]. R. Solow, Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics Vol. (39) 1957, 312-320.

Abstract: The present paper offers an analysis of the study of English for Specific Purposes with focus on the need for the improvement of communication skills of the Engineering students.In this age, it has become an essential commodity to possess good communicational skills to achieve higher aims and goals in one's career. Hence, it has become compulsory to imbibe excellent communication skills along with the technical knowledge. Lack of this makes them jobless, as the Selection Committee selects those candidates who excel in effective communication.

[1]. Richards J.C and Theodore S. Rodgers Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press, 2001 Pg.154
[2]. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001 Pg. 155.
[3]. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2001 Pg.158.
[4]. Hymes D. On Communicative Competence In J. B. Pride and J. Holmes (Ed) Sociolinguistics Harmondsworth: Penguin. 1972 Pg.61.
[5]. Piepho, H. E. Establishing Objectives in the Teaching of English Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1981 Pg.62.

Abstract: Democracy appears to be the basis of modern day political development in the world over. Political party and concomitant election is the tool necessary for the achievement of the sought-after and admirable political arrangement (democracy). The study in all ramifications observed among others that in Africa in general and Nigeria in particular, the state of democracy has not really yielded the expected result. Therefore, the focus of this study is on the intra-party conflict and the democratic consolidation in Nigeria. We adopted observation method of data collection which enhanced our usage of secondary data. Descriptive qualitative method was utilised for the analysis of generated data............

Keywords: Democratic Consolidation, Election, Intra-Party Politics, Political Parties, and System Analysis

[1]. Aleyomi, M.B (2013). "Intra Party Conflict in Nigeria: A case study of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP)‟. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, Vol, 15, N0.4.
[2]. Appadorai, A. (2004). the Substance of Politics, New Delhi India: Oxford University Press. Azazi, O. (2012). "NSA Blames PDP for Boko Haram Crisis‟. Weeklytrust.com.ng April, 27.
[3]. Diamond, L. (1997). Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
[4]. Easton, D. (1953). The Political System. An Inquiry into the State of Political Science. New
York: Knopf.
[5]. Heater, D. (1964). Citizenship: the Civic Ideal in World History, Politics and Education, London: Orient Longman.

Abstract: This study is aimed to obtain information on the implementation of carousel feedback and two stay two stray learning models, the increase of self-efficacy and student learning outcomes in social studies. This study is classroom action research (CAR). Subject in this study is the fifth grade student of SDN Mamajang II Makassar on the second semester of 2015/2016 academic year that consist 28 students; 15 male students and 13 female students. Data required in this study are: 1) the implementation............

Keywords: Carousel Feedback Model, Two Stay Two Stray Model, Self Efficacy, Learning Outcomes, Cooperative Learning

[1]. Arikunto, S. Suhardjono & Supardi. 2008. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.
[2]. Bandura, A. 2009. Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Berk, Laura. E. 2010. Development Through the Lifespan (Fifth Edition). Terjemahan Daryatno, dkk. 2012. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
[4]. Hopkins, D. 2008.A. Teacher's Guide to Classroom Research. Terjemahan A. Fawaid, dkk. 2011. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
[5]. Huda, M. 2013. Model-Model Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Abstract: This study aims to analysethe skill enhancement for delivering the question for the fourth grade students of Social Studies at SDN Tunjungsekar 5 Malang through the implementation ofposing problem assisted by smart card learning model. This study is a classroom action research (CAR) that consists of two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages. They are: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Subjects of this study are the fourth grade studentsin academic year of 2015/2016 that consists of 20 students. Data on students' questioning skills for social studies were collected through observation and interviews.............

Keywords: Problem Posing Assisted by Smart Card, Questioning Skill, Social Studies

[1]. Arends, R. 2008. Learning to Teach. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.
[2]. Bourke, R. 2004. Empire and Revolution: The Political Life of Edmund Burke. USA: Princeton University Press.
[3]. Demir, B. 2005. The Effect of Instruction with Problem Posing on Tenth Grade Student's Probablility Achievement and Attitudes Toward Probability.(online), (https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606884/index.pdf), accessed on Oktober, 20, 2015.
[4]. Eggen, P. & Kauchak, D. 2012. Strategi dan Model Pembelajaran: Mengajarkkan Konten dan Keterampilan Berpikir. Jakarta : Permata Puri Media.
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Abstract: Infidelity is a topical issue in both social and legal spheres. This study was a mixed- method design focused on unfaithfulness among married couples. The aims of the study were to assess the common understanding of infidelity as a practice, estimate the extent of marital infidelity among men and women and to establish the reasons for it as well as the perceived consequences of adulterous relationships. A population of about forty-three was possible as participants. Twenty-three men and women together volunteered to participate in this study. A questionnaire and a focus group discussion were used for data collection.............

Keywords: Infidelity, unfaithfulness, married couples

[1].Afifi, W.A., Falato, W.L. & Weiner, Weiner, J.L. (2001). Identity concerns following a severe relational transgression: The role of discovery method for the relational outcomes of infidelity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 291-309.
[2]. Allen, E.S. & Baucom, D.H. (2006). Dating, marital, and hypothetical extradyadic involvements: How do they compare? The Journal of Sex Research, 43: 307-317.
[3]. Allen, E.S., Atkins, D.C., Baucom, D.H., Snyder, D.K., Gordon, K.C. & Glass, S.P. (2005). Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors in engaging and responding to extramarital involvement. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 101=130.
[4]. Allyn, D. (2000). Make love, not war: The sexual revolution-an unfettered history. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
[5]. Amato, P.R. & Previti, D. (2003). People‟s reasons for divorcing: Gender, social class, the life course, and adjustment. Journal of Family Issues,24, 602-626.

Abstract: The paper attempts to evaluate the relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth in Nigeria using data spanning (1987-2013). Secondary were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics. Hypotheses were formulated and tested using time series econometrics model and the study reveals that the variables do not have unit roots. There is also long-run equilibrium relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth in Nigeria and the result confirms that about 73% short-run adjustment speed from long-run disequilibrium............

Keywords: Financial, Liberalization, Economic, Growth, Nigeria.

[1]. Abu-Bader, S. and Abu-Qarn, A. S (2008). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Six MENA Countries. Review of Development Economics, 27(12); 803-817, Retrieved from http://www.casent.org/journal.htm on 04/07/2014.
[2]. Akingunola, R.O et al (2013). The Effect of the Financial Liberalization on Economic
[3]. Growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(1); 2226-3626, Retrieved from http://www.hrmars.com on 24/11/ 2014.
[4]. Adam, M.A.(2011). Financial Openness Induced Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ghana. The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, 5(1); 75-86.
[5]. Asamoah, G.N. (2008). The Impact of the Financial SectorReforms on Savings, Investments

Abstract: The number of higher educational institutions in India has increased by 30 times compare the institutions 30 years ago. The quality of passed out engineers compare to the placement that they are getting, shows massive difference between the existing engineering education system and industry human resource requirements. All India Council for Technical Education and the Government authorities are restricting the Engineering Institutions to limit the seats up to the demand.............

Keywords: Engineering Education, Teaching-Learning, Employability

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