IOSR-JHSS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2017

Abstract: The development planners across the globe have been dependent on the multiplication ability of the media all along. Their hopes have been dashed many a times as mass media failed time and again to capture the imagination of the depraved as the media itself was fraught with inherent contradictions. With the arrival of Internet and more specifically social media, the communication dimension in developmental discourse acquired new significance. Social media, or for that matter Web 2.0 is loaded with certain advantages when it comes to mitigate the problems of the disadvantaged. Web 2.0 technologies have empowered social media with the ability of being dispersed without much strain and the effect is for everybody to see the marvel caused by social media. It has been able to spread the messages of revolution and development, insubordination and conformity with same gusto.............

Keywords: Multicultural development, Actor-Network, dispersal media, globalization and homogeneity

[1]. Brown, J.S. and Duguid, P. (1994) "Borderline issues, social and material aspects of design', Human Computer Interaction, 9:3-36
[2]. Bucciarelli, L.L. (1994) Designing Engineers. Cambridge, M.A.: MIT Press.
[3]. Castells, Manuel (1997) The Power of identity, Vol. 2 of the Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Oxford: Blackwell.
[4]. Choudhury, S & Bhyan, R. (2005) Development Disparity and North-East Region, Dialogue, 7 (2)
[5]. Guha, Silajit (2011) Interactive media and social crossover: An Indian riddle, Pragyaan 9 (2) 50-55

Abstract: The present paper purports to examine and analyse the concept of secularism in the context of world in general and India in particular. India is a secular state in the same way as it is a democratic state. Secularism is the only way of development in plural society like ours. It is not a new phenomenon in India. We find its roots in the reign of Ashok the Great. But the occurrence of communal riots in the recent year indicates that the Indian govt has failed to establish a secular state. Communal politics, religious militancy, poverty. Illiteracy and political corruption are posing serious threats to secularism. But the present turmoil will certainly be over if sincere efforts with more stable secular policy are made, Majority of the problems will automatically be solved and the country will become an abode of peace, progress and prosperity.

Keywords: Secularism, Separation, Discrimination, Freedom, Religion.

[1]. Grover Varinder, Trends and Challenges to Indian political system. Deep and Deep publication, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi (1990) p-159.
[2]. Ghai K.K.political process in India Kalyni publishers Ludhiana, New Delhi p-91.
[3]. Ghai,K.K Political process in india kalyani publishers Ludhiana New Delhi p-92
[4]. Chandra,Prakash "Indian Govt. and Politics" A study of Indian Political system"COSMOS BOOK HIVE(P)Ltd-p-515
[5]. Indian politics and state "Secularism'' Chandra lok prakasan Kanpur p-279

Abstract: The importance of Tourism in the development of any country cannot be denied. Gilbert Hill in Mumbai is a place which has all the necessary ingredients which can make a successful tourist spot. The hill is formed of 65 million years old columnar basalt rocks, which makes it a rare geological wonder and a potential tourist spot. The hill is located within the heart of city, and has excellent connectivity. There is also an old shrine of Gaondevi on top of the hill. In spite of its geological and cultural importance, Gilbert hill has not been able to develop as a tourist spot. Several, geographical, social and economic factors are responsible for this failure of tourist potential. The present paper attempts to study these factors and to assess the feasibility of Gilbert Hill's development as a tourist attraction, thereby emphasizing the role of effective tourism management.

KEY WORDS: Gilbert Hill, Columnar basalts, Gaondevi temple, tourism management

[1] Geological survey of India www.portal.gsi.gov.in
[2] Geology and Geomorphology-Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai- www.mcgm.gov.in
[3] Kamble, A. (2015): A Device for "in-situ" rock strength estimation. International Journal of advances in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences, Vol. II, Issue 5 (I), Feb. 2013)
[4] Report of World Travel and Tourism Council : Economic Impact 2017
[5] UN habitat data – https//unihabitat.org

Abstract: The study makes an experiment with secondary level ESL learners and aims at improving their writing skill through process approach. The study propose process approach interventions and techniques to support learner academic writing practices at the secondary level. So the data analysis of ESL teachers and students revealed a strong support for using a process approach method to improve learners ESL academic writing skills. Learners writing sample scores, determined by three writing rubric, differed by the end of the study comparing with their pre-wring samples. The study provided data to understand the importance of utilizing effectiveness of process approach method and its impact on ESL odia learners .

Keywords: Secondary students, academic writing , process approach, academic paragraph writing.

[1]. Creswell, J. W. Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research .2nd ed . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Dana, N. F. 2005. Print.
[2]. Creswell, J. W. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 1998. Print.
[3]. Heyland, Ken. Second Language Writing: Cambridge: CUP, 2003. Print.

Abstract: Gender properly conceived, refers to male and female concerns and needs. It stands for values of quality and equality. Achieving gender equity in political participation requires access to equal opportunities. This paper, through the use of descriptive survey, take a cross-sectional analyses of gender inequality and political participation in Northwestern Nigeria, using Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara states as a study area. The paper discovered that despite democratic waves experienced by Nigerians since 1999-2011, none of the Northwestern state has ever produced a female presidential candidate neither for the seat of vice president. It also discovered that none of the state has ever produced a female senatorial candidate, while only Kebbi state in 2007 produced a female representative..........

Key Words: Analyses, Participation, Politics, Women

[1] Abdulkadir H. N. (2003). Feminism and the production of the subservience in Women Journal of Research and Development in Africa. University of Abuja. Vol. 11, No. 1 pp26-42.
[2] Acholonu, R. (2001). Gender and development in Nigeria: Issues and challenges in WOREC journal of Gender studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 pp 18-24.
[3] Alkali I. O. (1991). Gender and development in Nigeria: Issues and challenges in WOREC journal of gender studies, Vol. 1, No. No. 1 pp 18-24.
[4] Aluko, S. (2000). Enhancing Women Participation in Politics and Governance. Nigeria 2007 General Elections: The critical challenges ahead, INEC Abuja.
[5] Amali, E. (2003). Gender Economics and Women's Inclusion in Economic Policies in a Democratic Era: A Nigeria Perspective in Ogunba O (ed), the Empowerment of the Civil Society in a Democracy: Nigeria and the United States of America. Ile-Ife Anchor prints Ltd.

Abstract: This paper is a literature review on crises and preparedness in the tourism and hospitality industry in Naivasha Sub-County in Nakuru County of Kenya. The paper gives an overview background of crisis preparedness from a scholarly perspective. The perspectives range from global, national to local. The paper further looks at two pertinent theories that touch on crises preparedness. These are chaos theory and situational crisis communication theory (SCCT). The two theories give an elaboration in explaining how organizations can prepare for a crisis.

[1] AlBattat, A. and Som, A.P.M. (2013). Emergency Preparedness for Disasters and crises in the Hotel Industry.SAGE Open , 1-10.
[2] Blake, A. and Sinclair, M.T. (2003). Tourism crisis Management: U.S. Response to September 11. Annals of Tourism Research , 813-832.
[3] Coombs, T. W. (1999). Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and responding. London. Sage Publications.
[4] Coombs, T. and Holladay (2010). The Handbook of Communication. West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell.

Abstract: Child labour is nothing but the employment of children in any work that deprives them from their childhood . Work in the sense which does not allow the children to attend the school regularly. Child labour are the children who live within the four walls of the society, where the first wall is poverty, second wall is illiteracy, third wall is hunger ( in this the children have been dragged into the situation where they have to work for the food and no other choice ) and the fourth wall is the unemployment ( which leads to low family income ) . The plague child labour can be tracked down to 19th century and early 20th century, where children of age 6 – 14 years has been working for their family in Europe & United States. But by the passage of time , due to increased family income , drop of illiteracy level and due to implementation of legal legislation , it is said that change was brought and the level of child labour fell down.

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Abstract: Manual scavenging is a profession done by a particular community ever since the Vedic age, and they are tagged as 'The Untouchables.' They manually remove the night soil which contains animal waste and also the excrements of humans. Government has taken several steps to lower the risk of particular class of people being pushed to do the disgusting work. This paper deals with the social and economic pressure over the scavengers and the inhuman act done to them where their human rights and dignity are affected to a larger extent. In addition it also deals with the legislative framework, government measures done to curb the difficulties of downtrodden community with a deep analysis on whether these measures are really effective and remedial measures to stop this evil attack on the Untouchables who are also a fellow human being.............

Keywords: Manual Scavenging, Human rights, Untouchables, Caste discrimination, Society.

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Abstract: This paper attempts to examine the relationship between decentralized governance and development with reference to equity and sustainability. It has been widely argued that decentralized governance is an instrument for this multifaceted development and it can ensure effective and equitable development at grassroots level (Maro 1990; Tuner 2000: 115; World Bank 2000:107). This is because, locally elected representatives know their small constituency better and are in advantageous position to provide better services according to their electorate's preferences. It is easier for the electorates to hold elected bodies accountable for their performance....................

[1]. Aiyer, Mani Shankar. 2002. "Panchayati Raj: The Way Forward." Economic and Political Weekly, XXXVII (31): 3293-97.
[2]. Alsop, Ruth. 2004. "Local Organizations in India: Roles and Relationships." Draft Research Report. World Bank, Washington, DC.
[3]. Alsop, Ruth, and Nina Heinson. 2005. "Measuring Empowerment in Practice: Structuring Analysis and Framing Indicators." Policy Research Working Paper No. 3510. World Bank, Development Economics Research Group, Washington, DC.
[4]. Aziz, Abdul. 1993. "Decentralized Planning: The Karnataka Experiment." Thousand Oaks/London: Sage Publications.
[5]. Bandyopadhyay, D. 1996. "Administration, Decentralization and Good Governance." Economic and Political Weekly, 31 (47): 3109-14.

Abstract: Cultural and religious identity crisis has become the bedrock of the Nigerian problem since her Independence in 1960. Over the years, religious clashes have occurred among Nigerians who began to see themselves as Muslims, Traditionalists, and Christians, and no longer in their ethnic or tribal identity. Today in Nigeria, there are abundant cases of religio-ethno clashes which have degenerated to eradication of national values and the Nigerian identity. Beyond eradication of national values and identity, there are socio-economic factors like bad leadership and poverty which has aggravated religious fundamentalism in Nigeria. The problem of this study therefore lies in a gradual erosion and death of core national values like patriotism, hard work, creativity and solidarity amongst...........

Key words: Values, Identity, Religion, Nationalism, Fundamentalism, Ethnicity, Revolution, Culture.

[1] Aguwa, J. (1997). Religious Conflict in Nigeria: Impact on Nation Building. Dialetical Anthroplogy Vol 22 (3/4), 335-351.
[2] Akara, A., Udaw, J., & Omimawo, J. (2013). National Identity, Integration and Question: Implications for National Security and Stable Democratic Governace in Nigeria. Internatinal Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), Vol. 2, No. 1, October, , 48-62.
[3] Albert, O. I. (2011). Alternative Explanation of Religious Fundamentalism in Nigeria. 1-7.
[4] Aluko, M., & Ajani, O. (2009). Ethnic Nationalism and the Nigerian Democratic Experience in the Fourth Republic. African Research Review Vol.3 (1), 483-499.
[5] Antoun, R. T. (2009). Underrstanding Religious Fundamentalism Christian, Islamic, and Jewish Movements 2nd ed. Plymouth, United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Abstract: Many regional conflicts are an outcome of disparities in the development of a specific region compared to the left over parts of the country or the country of which that specific region is a part. Among the variety of axes of inequality in India, regional disparities have acquired greater silence in recent days, with demands being made for special status for certain states on this basis. On this base recently Telangana state was created in Andhra Pradesh and under the 371(J) article special status had given to Hyderabad Karnataka. Disparities are a measure of the unequal distribution of income, health, education and resources between peoples in different places. In this situation Human development..........

Keywords: Human Development, Disparities, Education

[1] Samik Chowdhury (2014) "Regional Disparity in India – A Study of Three Decades Using a Comparable Database" Paper Prepared for the IARIW 33rd General Conference Rotterdam, the Netherland.
[2] Mehran Alijanzadeh (2016) "Correlation between Human Development Index and Infant Mortality Rate Worldwide" Biotech Health Science. 2016February; 3(1).
[3] Ashwini M. Pendse "Disparity: The New Threat to the Future of India" Tactful Management Research Journal, ISSN: 2319-7943.
[4] Gopal K. Kadekodi "Regional Disparity Revisited: The Case of Karnataka" accessed through http://cmdr.ac.in/editor_v51/assets/mono-31.pdf.
[5] Kurian, N.J. (2000): "Widening regional disparities in India", EPW, February 12, pp. 538-550.

Abstract: Indonesia is the largest archipelagic state and internationally recognized. However, the development of national law must also be in line with changes in international relations in international forums. This research is a normative-juridical research. To support this research process, the approaches used is conceptual and case. The results shows that The 1982 Sea Law Convention states that the archipelagic state may draw archipelagic straight baselines and this rule has been transformed or implemented into the legislation. Hence, the government of Indonesia has an important role to keep Indonesia as an archipelagic state that has a vast sea territory and manage the wealth of natural resources properly..........

Keywords: Continental Shelf, International Law, National Law, UNCLOS

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[3]. Ch. IV Article 46 - 54 the United Nations Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS 1982)
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