IOSR-JHSS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-11 ~ November. 2019

Abstract: The quality of school principals can have a significant effect on students' academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of principals' leadership roles in students' academic achievement. The descriptive Survey design was employed. For this study from 14 secondary schools, 256 teachers and grade 10 students' Ethiopian General Secondary Education Certificate Examination (EGSECE) Grade Point Average (GPA) were taken. Questionnaire, interview and document analysis were used as data gathering instrument. The study findings indicated that principals' role in defining the mission and promoting positive school climates were not adequately done in Sidama Zone secondary schools. However, it was found that principals' leadership role of managing instructional program was perceived by teachers as effective and implemented at higher level. it was also found that there was a significant and positive relationship between principal's instructional leadership......

Keywords: Principals' effectiveness, secondary schools, leadership roles, academic achievement

[1]. Abeya, Geleta, (2017). Schools Climate and Student Achievement. European Scientific Journal, Vol.13, No.17.
[2]. Allen, N. J, (2015). "Transformational leadership and its relationship to school climate and students' achievement." ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis Global
[3]. Cardno, C., & Collett, D. (2004). Curriculum leadership: Secondary school principals' perspectives on this challenging role. New Zealand Journal of Educational Leadership, 19(2)
[4]. Cotton, K. (2003). Principals and student achievement. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
[5]. Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional leadership behavior of principals. Elementary School Journal, 86(2)

Abstract: In the present study, the adolescent students studying in class XII in various higher secondary schools in the arts and science streams were compared on Test Anxiety scores in the general group, in boys groups and in the girls groups. Moreover the sex differences were also found out among the students of arts and science streams on Test Anxiety scores. The study was conducted on the 200 students selected from the arts and science streams of different higher secondary schools of district Kathua of J&K. In the study, latest Anxiety Scale for children originally developed by Sorenson and latter adopted in Hindi by Nijhawan (1972) was used on the sample students to collect data. The statistical techniques viz. Mean S.D. and C.R were used to analyze the data and compare the scores of adolescent students on Test Anxiety Scores

[1]. Aggarwal, J.C (1965). "Education Research". New Delhi: Agra Book Depot.
[2]. Aruna (2015): "A study of test anxiety of adolescents studying in arts and science streams ." An unpublished dissertation at M.A. level at IGNOU,RC Jammu.
[3]. Bharti, Nisha (2015): "A study of test anxiety of adolescents in relation to gender and academic streams." An unpublished dissertation at M.A. level at IGNOU,RC Jammu.
[4]. Batt, S. Ali, (2000) "A Study of Test Anxiety and Intelligence among High School Students". Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Department of Education, University of Jammu.
[5]. Borg, W.R. and Gall, M.D. (1983). "Educational Research." Fourth Edition, Inc, New York.

Abstract: It is not enough for a country to attempt to increase its national income. It is also necessary to ensure that it is evenly distributed. But inequality of income is an important feature of capitalist economies. The socialist countries like the U.S.S.R. and Communist China have established systems whose aim is to reduce inequalities of incomes. Even they have failed to attain perfect equality. In the capitalist countries, on the other hand, it is generally recognized that inequalities will remain and that cannot be helped. Some economists make even virtue of this necessity and they see lot of good in these inequalities from the point of view of capital formation..

Keywords: Inequality of Income, Progressive Tax, Capital formation, Distribution.

[1]. Alesina, A., Di Tella, R., and MacCulloch, R. (2004). Inequality and happiness: are Europeans and Americans different? Journal of Public Economics, 88(9-10):2009–2042.
[2]. Atkinson, A. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2:244–263.
[3]. Blanchflower, D. G. and Oswald, A. J. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of Public Economics, 88(7-8):1359–1386. Blanchflower, D. G. and Oswald, A. J. (2008). Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle? Social Science and Medicine, 66(8):1733–1749.
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Abstract: This paper is about the problem of the socioeconomic conditions of the homes relocated by the Yacyretá Hidroelectric Proyect in the city of Encarnación, Paraguay. Such approach analyzes the uncertainty and vulnerability generated by the relocation and socio-urban transformation programs.In this sense, the objective is to know and characterize the economic, labor and health problems that families are going through and, at the same time, analyze what are the main daily adversities that the population must face. Methodologically, the research starts from a mixed approach, quantitative and qualitative approach with descriptive design, since the research focuses on knowing aspects related to subsistence practices, within the framework of the socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability of families, analyzing dimensions related to culture, to understand how is the way of life resettled families, the experience of the changes in the order of socio-housing and economic processes.

[1]. Brites, W. Ciudades, teorías e investigación urbana. Una aproximación a los procesos urbanos de Posadas Encarnación. Ed. CICCUS. 2019. Buenos Aires.
[2]. Taylor S. & Bogdan, R. Introducción a los métodos cualitativos de investigación. 1990. Buenos Aires: Paidos.
[3]. Bartolomé, L. Estrategias adaptativas de los Pobres Urbanos: el efecto entrópico de la relocalización compulsiva. En: Relocalizados: Antropología Social de las Poblaciones desplazadas. 1985. pp.91-93. IDES. Buenos Aires.
[4]. Bott, E. La familia y la red social: roles normas y relaciones externas en las familias urbanas corrientes. Ed. Taurus Humanidades. 1990. España.
[5]. Requena Santos, El concepto de red social". En Reis: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas. CIS. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas Nro. 48 octubre diciembre de 1998. Universidad de Málaga

Abstract: A majority of the Indian novels with feministic content, end up either glorifying or suppressing womanhood in general or through a particular character. All her virtues packed into one might get showered upon her or all the meek, subservient, underprivileged and submissive lot might be showcased. One rare novel which depicts a woman past both these extremes and outstands the regular stereotypic meekness or the ultra modernism is Shashi Deshpande‟s The Dark Holds No Terrors. This novel is unique in its content, which shows the dual personality of Sarita (Saru), a lady doctor – a refreshingly new theme in the then Indian fiction. The Dark Holds No Terrors is not just a story of a married life on thorns. It is the pathetic story of a popular and renowned Pediatrician, who is tortured and utterly degraded, terrorized as "a trapped animal‟ through her nights in the very hands of her husband Manohar (Manu). The outset of the novel presents the reader.....

[1]. Deshpande, Shashi. The Dark Holds No Terrors. New Delhi: Penguin, 1980. Print.

Abstract: ‗This research was conducted in one EFL Classroom of Primary school Indonesia. It aimed to find out "How the teachers of primary school put pedagogy of multiliteracies into the classroom teaching practice?". This was designed qualitatively in which the data were collected by using in depth interview and observation and the participant was a teacher of Primary school in Palopo Indonesia. The Data was then analyzed using thematic Analysis. This research indicated that the Implementation performed some model of teaching which consist of SIB-Class, FBL-Class, CBL-Class, and ML-Class. The ML-Class is then classified in to three categories, i.e. Digital-picture Based Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (DP-BM), Picture Based Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (PB-PM), Video-picture Based Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (VB-PM).

Keywords: Pedagogy, Multimodalty, Indonesian Context, Primary School, Multiliteracies.

[1]. Ayres, Lioness. 2008. Thematic coding and analysis. In Lisa M. Given (ed) The Sage Encyclopedia Of Qualitative Research Methods. California: Sage Publication inc.
[2]. Cloonan, Anne.(2007). The Professional Learning of Teachers: A Case Study of Multiliteracies Teaching in the Early Years of Schooling ( a thesis of Doctor)
[3]. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[4]. Dawson, Catherine. (2002). Practical Research Methods: A User-Friendly Guide to Mastering Research Techniques and Projects. Oxford: Baseline Arts Ltd.
[5]. Jafar, Muhammad Basri. (2010). Mainstream Teachers' Attitude And Approaches To Support Children's Biliteracy Development In Australian Classroom Context. TEFLIN Journal; Malang Vol. 21, Iss. 2, (Aug 2010): 153-171. https://search.proquest.com/openview/589858652a36d531f9892d7af56a56ef/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2034497

Abstract: This article argues that Sino-Indian territorial disputes which not only include the legacy border disputes but in present era water will emerge as an acute threat and as major part of the conflict, especially to the most populous regions of world. Growing economic interests, geo-political interests are rapidly increasing the nature of competition between both the nations which further tend to increase the nature of rivalry but with the changed form of weapons. Physical war has changed its form to water war. We will also indicate the events due to which resistance is increasing but agendas are hidden and ulterior motives are covered under the economic interests and policies of China. The emerging trends in Sino-Indian relations are known to world but it is interesting that the types of disputes have changed with their sudden rise of as economic and military powers. With rapid growing populations, depleting sources, India and China both are struggling to support its commodity. So water scarcity will become a cause of conflict between Sino-India relations, whether it based on fresh water requirement for livelihood or the sources of water used for trade,.......

Keywords: Water Scarcity, Tibet, Sea Exploration, Economic Interests, Security.

[1]. http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/dec/11/slide-show-1-water-crises-what-india-is-doing.htm.
[2]. Lt. Gen. Amit Sarin: Sino-Indian water dispute in the Himalaya.
[3]. W.W. Rockhill. "The Dalai Lama of Lhasa and their relations with the Manchu Emperors of China, 1644-1908, p.3".
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[5]. Sonam Topgyal, in political treaties of Tibet (821 to 1951).

Abstract: Competence is the knowledge of language or an idealized capacity that is located as a psychological or mental property or function, while performance is the errors and false made during utterances or it is the actual utterances.This piece of work examined and explained the difference between competence and performance as well as the different types of competence. It also revealed how important competence is for a second language leaner(s), and when to use it.The formal and actual way of measuring the competency of leaners is through the performance of students in classroom situation.

Keywords: competence, performance

[1]. Cannale, M. (1983). "From Communication Competence to Communicative Language Pedagogy‟ in J.C. Richards & R.W Schmidt (Eds) Language and Communication: 2-27, London: Longman.
[2]. Chomsky N. "Competence and Performance‟ in Allen, J. P. B. and S. Pit Corder (ed) (1975) The Edinburgh Course in Applied Linguistics. London: Oxford University Press.
[3]. Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, M. A.MIT Press.
[4]. Crystal, D. (1995), A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford: Blackwell.
[5]. Fasold, R. W. And Connor, J. D. (2006),An Introduction to Language and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: The United Kingdom (UK) decision to leave the European Union, known as Brexit has caused some deep structural tensions and demands within UK and European societies because it did not grow organically and naturally. Brexit challenged the resilience of the education system and its relevance on complex matters such as racism and social cohesion in societies. Social cohesion formed part of Tony Blair's education policies viewed as a social project with broader national agenda. This paper examines how Brexit undermined Tony Blair's ten years education policies which embraced the European principles of socio- inclusion. The study used qualitative approach and data was collected from policies crafted from 1997-2007. These policies helped to ascertain how Brexit undermined Blair's social national agenda- Brain's integration to Europe. These policies communicated government's characterised Blair's ten years term in office. The interpretative content analysis was used to analyse the policies. The findings revealed that Brexit undermined Blair's government effort of improving the teaching profession or pedagogical......

Keywords: Brexit, Education policy, Labour government

[1]. Barnett, R. (1999) The Coming of the Global village: a tale of two inquiries, Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 25, (3), 293-306
[2]. Brown, P. and Launder, H. (2006) Globalisation, Knowledge and the Myth of Managing economy. Globalisation of societies and education. Vol. 4, (1), 25-67
[3]. Craft, N. (2016) "The Growth Effects of European Union (EU) Membership for the UK: a Review of the evidence". Working paper no. 280. Coventry: University of Warwick, Centre For Comparative Advantage in the Global Economy.
[4]. Faicione, P.H., Sanchez, N.C. and Gainen, J. (1995) The Disposition towards Critically Thinking. Journal of General Education. V 44, (1), 1-25
[5]. Furlong, J. (2008) Making teaching a 21st century Profession: Tony Blair's big prize. Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 34, (6), 727-739

Abstract: The major purpose of this study is to assess the challenges and prospects of good urban governance practice in land administration in Zalanbessa town administration, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. To do this research the researcher used mixed research approach, which are the quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained through questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion. Secondary data involved reviewing some relevant literature form journals, articles, books, magazines, and proceedings. Data collected by survey questionnaire was entered to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for statistical analysis and data collected by focus group discussions and interviews were analyzed using terms and statements and used this for the purpose of triangulation. Hence fore, in this study participation, transparency, accountability, equity and equality, and effectiveness and efficiency which are the main indicators of good governance had......

Keywords: Good Governance, Challenges and Prospects, Land Administration, Participation, Transparency, Accountability, Equity and equality, and effectiveness and efficiency

[1]. Addis NegariGazetta (2011). Addis Ababa Government. The Urban Land Lease Holding Policy Proclamation No.721.2011
[2]. Araya, (2013). Features of the New Ethiopian Urban Land lease holding proclamation No.721/2011 and itsImplication on Ethiopian Economy, Unpublished[3]. Arko A., de Jong, J., Zevenbergen, J., Tuladhar, A.(2010). Customary Tenure Institutions and Good Governance,Article of FIG September, 2010. Sydney: Australia
[4]. Burns, T., and Dalrymple, K. (2008,June). Conceptual framework for governance in land administration. Paper presented in FIG working week in Stockholm, Sweden.
[5]. Creswell, J. W, (2005). Educational research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitativeresearch (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education

Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the selected physical fitness variables of Arba Minch town athletics club athletes' who trained four days a week in the preparatory period. By using purposive sampling technique, the researcher used all 10 athletes who trained in the club. Their age ranged between 20-29 years. It was hypothesized that no significant difference would be found between selected physical fitness variables agility (Illinois test) and endurance (12 minutes cooper test). For analysis of the data, Mean & SD were calculated and to examine the significance difference between the group mean of different physical fitness variables, "T‟ test was applied, and level of confidence was set at .05 levels. Study concluded that nosignificant difference found between the means of selected physical fitness variables such as agility (Illinois test) and endurance (12 minutes cooper test).

Keywords: agility, cooper test, Illinois, physical fitness

[1]. COOPER, K.H. (1968) A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake. JAMA. 203, p. 135-138
[2]. DAVIS, B. et al. (2000) Physical Education and the study of sport. 4th ed. London: Harcourt Publishers. p.129
[3]. Evans, D.B., Tandon, A., Murray, C.J. and Lauer, J.A., 2001. Comparative efficiency of national health systems: cross national econometric analysis. Bmj, 323(7308), pp.307-310.
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Abstract: Education reform initiatives of the last two decades have improved student performance very little. The main reason is that too little attention has been paid to what actually goes on in the classroom.This paper refocuses attention on the classroom, specifically on the importance of teacher professional development in changing learners‟ classroom behaviors in ways that lead to improvement in student performance. In this regard, the purpose of this paper was to explore the problems and difficulties that second language learners (Moroccan learners) encounter during the reading process. By so doing, the findings of this small case study will be of great importance in refining the teaching practices and improving students‟ performances. Using a highly designed framework for conducting this research, the paper describes the context, content, and process of high-quality teaching learning process development..

Keywords: reading strategies, reading difficulties, students‟ performance improvement

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