IOSR-JHSS   Volume-26 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2021

Abstract: Located in the Eastern province of Bihar, Gaya is one of the oldest existing cities of India. A number of sincere attempts have been made to understand and document history of the region using a number of archaeological and literary sources. Most of the sincere attempts in this direction have been largely been credited to British scholars and Indian scholars have either been underplayed or forgotten. As a consequence many important works do not find any mention in scholarly literature on Gaya and its socio-cultural history. In fact most of these works could not get even published and remained beyond the reach of researchers. Few of these works are available in the form of manuscripts in library and deserve to be published and be brought in to the light of the day. This paper aims to make a humble beginning in this direction by describing a supremely significantmanuscript compiled under the title " Notes on Antiquities of Gaya" by Parmeshwar Dayal. Compiled in 1898, this work provides a comprehensive picture of the historic town of Gaya. It is hoped this paper will initiate a process of introducing, preserving, and publishing similarly important work in future.

Key words: Gaya, History, Religion, Cultural history, Inscriptions, Sculptures.

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Abstract: The implementation of early childhood education (PAUD) in Indonesia should meet the principles of the administration of education, the principle of providing a role model, and minimum service standards. It is essential to provide the services that can help the physical and spiritualofchildren'sgrowthanddevelopment.IncreasingthenumberofPAUDschoolsinIndonesiaisoneefforttoaddresstherisingneeds.......

Keywords: early childhood education, standard national, accreditation, management system, service standard

[1]. Anhusadar, L. O. (2013). Assessment dalampendidikananakusiadini. Jurnal Al-Ta'dib, 6(1), 58 – 70
[2]. Andriani, D. (2018). PengaruhPembinaan, DisiplindanMotivasiterhadapkinerja Guru PAUD Kec. TalangKelapa. PERNIK Jurnal PAUD, 1(1), 38–59.
[3]. Early, D. M., Sideris, J., Neitzel, J., LaForett, D. R., &Nehler, C. G. (2018).Factor structure and validity of the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale – Third Edition (ECERS-3).Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 44, 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.04.009
[4]. Fatimah, D. F., &Rohmah, N. (2016). PolaPengelolaanPendidikanAnakUsiaDini di PAUD Ceria GondangsariSuowonoJawa Tengah: TahunPelajaran 2015-2016. Manageria : JurnalManajemenPendidikanISlam, 1(2), 247–273. Retrieved from http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/tarbiyah/index.php/manageria/article/view/12-05
[5]. Fenech, M. (2012). Discerning childcare quality: Parents as potential informants of policy beyond regulation. Critical Studies in Education, 53(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2012.703136

Abstract: Insecurity has been one of the many challenges implicated as the biggest developmental and growth obstacle facing Nigeria as a nation. Since the independent in 1960, the country developmental strides have been hampered by one form of insecurity or the other. Over two decades, the steady rise of insecurity in Nigeria has fuelled the crime rate and terrorists attacks in different parts of the country, leaving unpalatable consequences for its socio-economic development and growth. Development experts have often blamed the deteriorating security situation in the country to the daunting developmental challenges which pose serious threat to socio-economic development. The country over the decades has experienced high rate of poverty, youth unemployment, widening income disparity, clashes and conflict, and violence among others with over 70% of her population living below poverty line..........

[1]. Achumba Ighomereho and Akpor-Robaro (2013). 'Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development', Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.4, No.2, 2013 79. ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online).
[2]. Adebakin, M.A., & Raimi, L. (2012). National security challenges and sustainable economic development: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 1(1), 1-30.
[3]. Adegoke, N. (2009). Kidnapping, Security Challenges and Socio-Economic Implications to the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Niyi Adegoke, 16(2), 205-216.
[4]. Anyadike, N.O (2013). Boko Haram and National Security Challenges in Nigeria; Causes and Solutions. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4 (5) 12-23.

Abstract: The COVID-19, though mainly a major global public health concern, it has significant socioeconomic implications of great consequences to economies, the well-being of the population and great on educational activities. However, there is need to prevent the future occurrence by the concern organizations. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the impact of COVID 19 on Education in some selected tertiary institutions in Yobe State. The data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaires coupled with oral interview schedules. A total of four (4) tertiary institutions namely: the Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, the Yobe State University at Damaturu, Federal University Gashua and Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic at Geidam were randomly selected based on the availability in the state........

KEY WORDS: Impact, COVID-19, Education, Tertiary Institution and Yobe State.

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[4]. Chad McMillan (2015) Educational Intelligence Forum
[5]. Habtom Tesfamichael (2018): Education: Key to Development. Eritrean Center for Strategic Studies, Asmara.

Abstract: The research objectives are to find the nature of civil dispute resolution by means of mediation in district courts, to find the role of mediation in district courts as an alternative to civil dispute resolution and to find the ideal concept of implementing mediation in district courts in order to realize legal objectives in civil dispute resolution. This research uses normative legal research and empirical legal research. These two types of research are defined in accordance with the formulation of the problem and the research objectives

Keywords: Civil Dispute Resolution, District Courts, Mediation.

[1]. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
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[3]. Ali, A. (2004). Sosiologi Hukum: Kajian Empiris terhadap Pengadilan. Depok: IBLAM.
[4]. Amiruddin, A., et al. (2019). The Essential of Criminal Sanction Against Perpetrators of Corruption Committed by State Administrators in Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 24(9), pp. 34-48.
[5]. Amriani, N. (2011). Mediasi: Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata di Pengadilan. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Abstract: BACKGROUND- Gastrointestinal tract is common site for neoplasm (benign & malignant tumours) inflammation and malabsorption syndrome. Upper Gastrointestinal tract is common site for neoplasm especially malignant tumours. worldwide gastric adenocarcinoma is second most common carcinoma next to lung carcinoma and carcinoma esophagus is the sixth leading cause of death.
OBJECTIVES- To find out occurrence of upper gastrointestinal tract lesion in present institute. To know the spectrum of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions.......

Keywords: Upper GIT, Endoscopic biopsies , Histopathology

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