IOSR-JHSS   Volume-26 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2021

Abstract: This research paper provides a brief analysis, discussion and comparison of negation of Bodo and Dimasa, the two Tibeto-Burman group of language in North-East India. The objective of this research paper is to discuss the process of formation with esteem to negation in both the languages. Negation is the GRAMMATICAL and SEMENTIC analysis which typically expresses the contradiction of meaning of some sentences'. It is a grammatical term for the contradiction of some or all of the meaning of an affirmative sentence and also process of converting affirmative to negative. The grammatical rules for negation vary from language to language, and a given language may have more than one way of producing negation.

Key Word – Formation of negation, negative prefix, negative morpheme, negative copula

[1]. Aronoff, Mark., (1985). Word formation in generative grammar (3rd Rev.).
[2]. Cambridge: Massachusetts institute of technology.
[3]. Asher, R.E. (1994). The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics. Oxford: Oxford Pergamon Press. [4]. Bloomfield, L. (1935), 'Linguistic aspects of science.' Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
[5]. Bordoloi, B.N. (1984). The Dimasa Kacharis of Assam (2nd ed). Assam: Tribal Research Institute

Abstract: This paper is an exploration through Bessie Head's A Question of Power with the intention of discovering traces of bond between Bessie and her protagonist Elizabeth or the author's selfhood in Elizabeth. The finding of the study validates Houston's (2012) arguable assertion that all fiction is autobiographical in some way because it undoubtedly contains elements of the author's actual experience. For, in spite of the fact that Bessie puts her novel under fiction literature, her selfhood and experience explicitly manifest in her heroine.The entire work is structured thus: introduction, background of the author, synopsis of the novel, analysis of the text, summary of the work and conclusion.

KEY WORDS: fiction, autobiographical novel, selfhood, self-reflection, introspection

[1]. Head, B. (1974). A Question of Power Davis Poynter Ltd, England
[2]. Agyemang, F. (2011).Promoting African Literature: A Question of Power by Bessie Head;
[3]. Image Nationshttp://freduagyeman.blogspot.com/2011/3/questionofpower-by-bessie-headhttml.(Accessed 26/07/2016 @ 3. pm).
[4]. Altman, S. (1997).The Encyclopedia of African American Heritage.Fact on File Inc. New York.
[5]. Anderson, L.R. (2001). Autobiography: New Critical Idiom. New York: Routledge

Abstract: Rural women of three generations have different perceptions and experiences on GFD and coping strategies which vary from generation to generation due to educational and professional backgrounds. This ethnographic qualitative study usesin-depth interview, participant observation, unstructured questionnaires, purposive sampling and itis conducted at 5 villages of Mirzapur Thana of Tangail, Bangladesh for same socio-cultural backgrounds. It takes 2 months for collecting primary data.15 in-depth interviews are conducted separately by 60 minutes.Professional and educational background of participants are used to analyse their identity of 'Self' and 'Other' by Simone de Beauvoir'sconcept of 'The Second Sex'. This study discovers that GFD is strictly followed.......

Key Words: Rural Women, Three Generations, GFD, Coping Strategy, Different Life Stages. Self, Other

[1]. Asian Development Bank (ADB), Gender Equality and Food Security: Women's Empowerment as a Tool against Hunger (Mandaluyong City: 2013) (Online) Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/30315/gender-equality-and-food-security.pdf (Accessed on 19/6/2021)
[2]. A.L. Dottolo, and C. Dottolo, Italian American Women, Food and Identity: Stories at the Table (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)
[3]. A.T. Tsegaye, A. Tariku,A.G. Worku, S.M. Abebe, M. Yitayal, T. Awoke, K. Alemu and G.A. Biks, Reducing amount and frequency of meal as a major coping strategy for food insecurity. Archives of Public Health, Vol.76, 2018, 1-9 (Online) Available at:
https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13690-018-0303-3.pdf (Accessed 19/6/2021)
[4]. A.V. Avakian, and B. Haber, From Betty Crocker to Feminist Food Studies: Critical Perspectives on Women and Food (United States of America: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005)
[5]. B.L. Rogers, and N.P. Schlossman, Intra-household Resource Allocation: Issues and Methods for Development Policy and Planning, Papers Prepared for the Workshop on Methods of Measuring Intra-household Resource Allocation, Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA, October.1983, (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 1990) .

Abstract: Male out-migration from Bangladesh is a remarkable phenomenon for almost four decades. Labor migrants shift from rural residences to gulf states with an aim to search better employment option, leaving the members of their households behind. This paper particularly focuses on the challenges faced by the left-behind wives and their coping strategies in absence of their migrant husbands. The study is qualitative in nature that gathered information using In-depth interview among 25 respondents, accompanying focus group discussions. Based on the feminist viewpoint, the paper connotes that patriarchy as traditional social structure is the core influencing ingredient that brings challenges in every bit of life of the wives left-behind. The findings demonstrate that left behind wives....

KEYWORDS: Male out-migration, left-behind wives, patriarchy, challenges, coping strategies

[1] Abadan-Unat, N. Implications of Migration on Emancipation and Pseudo-Emancipation of Turkish Women. International Migration Review. 1977; 11(1): pp.31-5.
[2] Amin, S. Poverty-Purdah Trap in Rural Bangladesh: Implications for Women's Roles in The Family. Population Council Working Paper No. 75. 1995.
[3] Balk, D. Defying Gender Norms in Rural Bangladesh: A Social Demographic Analysis. East-West Center Working Paper No. 78. Population Series. 1996.
[4] BMET. Guideline from Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training (BMET), Government of The People's Republic of Bangladesh. 2008. (Accessed on 12/3/2014). Available at: http://www.bmet.org.bd
[5] Cortes, R. Children and Women in Left-behind Labor Sending Countries: An Appraisal of Social Risks. Global Report on Migration. 2007. (Accessed on 12/3/2014). Available at: http://www.childmigration.net/files/Rosila_Cortes_07.pdf.

Abstract: This study examined the factors influencing disclosure of HIV/AIDS status by infected married partners in Makurdi town. This study employed questionnaires to obtained data from 347 respondents randomly sampled across the five purposively selected healthcare facilities in Makurdi town while descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The result of the study revealed that most of the HIV/AIDS infected partners in the study area disclose their HIV status and many believed that with the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to partners, further spread of the virus can be reduced to a bare minimal level. The study reveals that there is a significant difference in HIV/AIDS......

KEY WORDS: HIV/AIDS, Status, Infected Married Partners.

[1]. Abah, R.C (2012). Causes of seasonal flooding in flood plains: a case of Makurdi, Northern Nigeria.
Intl. J. Envtal Studies 69 (6):904-912.
[2]. Almeleh, C. (2006). Why do people disclose their HIV status? Qualitative evidence from a group of activist women in Khayelitsha. Social Dynamics, 32: 136-169.
[3]. Bello, M. (2014). UN Report: Nigeria a Highest Number of HIV Children globally.
www.This-daylive.com/articles/unreport-Nigeria-has-highestnumber-of-HIV-children worldwide/151782/
[4]. Centre for Disease Control, (2002). Revised guidelines for HIV counselling, testing and Guidelines with new diagnostic, treatment, and prevention recommendations for STDs
[5]. Collins, L. and Miller, L. (1994) Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review. Carol Psychological Bulletin, Vol 116 (3): 457-475.

Abstract: HIV/AIDS remain a major public health concern in Nigeria. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only personal and medical problems but also psychological and social problems associated with the disease such as stigma and discriminatory attitudes. This study examined the effects of stigma and discrimination on people living with HIV/AIDS in Gboko town, Benue State, Nigeria. The data for this study was extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted by the National Population Commission. Questionnaires adopted from NDHS, 2018 were used in the study covering questions on HIV/AIDS and data were collected from 210 respondents purposively and systematically selected from the population registered with General Hospital Gboko between 2018.......

KEY WORDS: Stigma, Discrimination, People Living with HIV/AIDS.

[1]. Blackstock O. (2016). Curing stigma- The limits of antiretroviral access. Nigeria Journal of Medicine .
2016; 353(8):752
[2]. Ehiri JE, Anyanwu EC, Donath E, Kanu I, Jolly PE. (2015). AIDS-Related stigma in sub- Saharan Africa: Its context and potential intervention strategies. AIDS Public Policy Journal. 2015; 20: 25–39.
[3]. Miller A.N and Rubin D.L. (2017) Factors leading to self-disclosure of a positive HIV diagnosis in Nairobi, Kenya: People living with HIV/AIDS in the Sub-Sahara. Qualitative Health Research, 2017; 17(5):586–598.
[4]. Monjok E, Smesny A, Essien E.J. (2009). HIV/AIDS-Related stigma and discrimination in Nigeria: Review for research studies and future directions for prevention strategies. African Journal of Reproduction Health. 2009; 13(3):21–35.
[5]. National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) (2016). Stigma and Discrimination Reduction in the National HIV/AIDS Response. .

Abstract: Colonialism can be best defined as geographical and cultural acquisition of an alien land under its fold. The process of physical acquisition of land is much easier to them in comparison to the colonization of mind. The advent of the colonial rulers to Assam results in certain changes in the political, social and economic sphere of the region. Health and medicine were the two basic aspects which undergone a mixed response from the native Assamese people to the colonial medicine. This is a little attempt to throw light how native people respond to the colonial medicine.

[1]. Victor Hugo Sword, Baptist in Assam, A century of Missionary service 1836=1936
[2]. Deepak Kumar, Disease and Medicine in India: A historical overview,Delhi,2001
[3]. W.W Hunter, Statistical Account of Assam,1879, London.

Abstract: Day secondary school students exhibit a life of multifaceted experiences. They operate between two worlds that mainly include the formal experiences in school during the day and the home or community environment between the evening and early morning periods. The home and neighbourhood environments may pose challenges to cope with the pressures of such environments. Some students may face moments of aggression at family level and society, poor parental relationships, poverty among other vices that may impact negatively on mental health and consequently......

KEY WORDS: Mental Health Academic Motivation Student Day Secondary School

[1]. About.com (2006, July 25).Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mental.health
[2]. Cloninger S.C., (2004). Theories of Personality: Understanding Persons, 4th Ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice.
[3]. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M.(2000). Intrinsic motivation and Self-determination in Human behavior. New York: Plenum Press
[4]. Goodwin, C.J.,(2005). Research in Psychology. Methods and Designs.Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
[5]. Harter,S.(1981). A New Self-Report Scale of Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Orientation in the Classroom: Motivation and Informal Components-APA PSYNET-American Psychological Association .

Abstract: The aftermath of the Second World War saw the rising of capitalism. Capitalism alongside industrial revolution brought watershed to the history of migration in the world. More people left the rural area in search for jobs in the urban center. When the migrants are unable to cope with the standard of living in the urban area, they turn to ghettos for survival. Capitalism makes it difficult surviving in the urban centers for the new migrants as they are soon displaced by the forces of gentrification. This research attempts to study the undertone of racism in gentrification in Celeste Ng's Little Fires Everywhere.

[1]. Akanle Olayinka and Adejare Gbenga. (2017). Conceptualising megacities and megaslums in Lagos, Nigeria. In Africa's Public Service Delivery and Performance Review.5.1. 1-9.
[2]. Dobie Ann .(2011). Theory into practice: an introduction to literary criticism. United States: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
[3]. Eckerd Adam and Kim Yushim (2018). "Gentrification and displacement: Modeling a complex urban process." In ResearchGate.1-50.
[4]. Gilbert Alan (2007) The Return of the Slum: Does Language Matter?.In International Journal of Urban and Regional Research.Volume 31.4 December.697–713.
[5]. Hwang Jackelyn and Sampson Robert. (2014). "Divergent Pathways of Gentrification: Racial Inequality and the Social Order of Renewal in Chicago Neighborhoods." American Sociological Review. 79. 4.June12: 726–751..