IOSR-JHSS   Volume-27 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2022

Abstract: Background:The gender equality as the 5th sustainable development goal, how far have we reached in achieving it? From observing generally, we still have a long way to go because there are many literatures which are talking of the gender differences or inequality in every aspect of life. Aim of the Study:Therefore, the primary aim of my study is to add one more proof of gender inequality to the existing literature. The study tries to assess the problem from overall labour forceaspect as well as across various social groups. Thus, there are three main objectives of the paper and they are firstly, to examine the gender inequality in the over-all labour force. Secondly, the gender inequality in labour forceacross the paid and unpaid services in the self-employment.....

Keyword: Gender; Inequality; Labour-force; Paid; Unpaid; Self-Employment;Leh-Ladakh.

[1]. Dunn, Dana (1993) Gender Inequality in Education and Employment in the Scheduled Castes and Tribes of India, Population Research and Policy Review, Vol 12, Issue 1
[2]. Indrani M. &Neetha N. (2011) Gender Dimensions: Employment Trends in India, 1993-94 to 2009-10, Occasional Paper 56, Centre for Womens' Development Studies, New Delhi
[3]. Neetha, N. &Indrani, Mazumdar (2006) Globalization and Women's Work: Trends in Women's Unpaid Labour in India, paper presented at the GADNET/CWDS seminar on a World in Transition: New Challenges for Gender Justice, Decembder 13-15, Centre for Women's Development Studies, New Delhi.
[4]. Olsen, Wendy & Mehta, Smita (2006)Female Labour Participation in Rural and urban India: Does Housewives' work count, Radical Statistics, 93: 57-90
[5]. S,Sundari(2020) Structural Changes and Quality Women's Labour in India, Indian Journal of Labour Economics

Abstract: The result of the long-term coexistence of legal cultures of different societies is a change in the primary culture of the contacting communities. As a rule, in this context, the formation of a single legal space, a general legal culture takes place. The paper analyzes such a phenomenon, discloses the factor and methods of legal acculturation. Background: Today there are various methods of legal acculturation. These methods on general social methods of persuasion are based (1,2). Such as active influence by ideological and moral means and coercion (violent, ideological, economic influence)......

Keywords: law, acculturation, methods, mechanism

[1]. Zagorodnii V.E., Sakal S.V. Legal acculturation: aspects of interaction and the influence of convergence processes // Modern scientific research: achievements, innovations and development prospects. Proceedings of the 16th International scientific and practical conference. MDPC Publishing. Berlin, Germany. 2022. Pp. 305-312. URL: https://sci-conf.com.ua/xvi-mizhnarodna-naukovo-praktichna-konferentsiya-modern-scientific-research-achievements-innovations-and development-prospects-11-13-09-2022-berlin-nimechchina-arhiv/
[2]. Legal sociology: textbook / Yu.F. Pachkovsky, N.V. Kovalisco, I.V. Horodnyak and others; under the editorship Dr. Sociologist. Sciences, Prof. Y.F. Pachkovsky. – Lviv: LNU named after Ivan Franko, 2011. – 418 p.
[3]. Zagorodnii V.E., Sakal S.V. Zagorodniy I.V., Maksymyuk I.I. Categorical forms of scientific knowledge (some aspects): Monograph (scientific edition) Odesa: NU OYUA, 2020. – 249 p.

Abstract: The debate for Hindu Law reformation in Bangladesh is not new. Equality before law has remained a constitutional mandate for Hindu women only. In reality the status of Hindu women in this country is not that much satisfactory. A Hindu woman in Bangladesh is deprived not only by their religion but also left insecure by the state by not amending Hindu Law. Basically, Hindu women are the most vulnerable victim of the un-amended Hindu Law. The political position of Hindus and the unchangeable mind of their political representatives also made their position weak and thereby vulnerable to different kinds of violence. This paper aims to analyze the loopholes in the existing Hindu Laws regulating the rights of Hindu women as well as to compare the matrimonial........

Key words: Hindu Law, Hindu women, reformation, Indian laws

[1]. Alam, Dr M. Shah. Review of Hindu Personal Law in Bangladesh: Search for Reforms. Bangladesh Journal of Law 1 (2004): 15-52
[2]. Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
[3]. Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act,1956.
[4]. Hindu Marriage Act 1955.
[5]. Hindu Succession Act (1955). India.

Abstract: Tourism is a boon to all states regardless of their level of development, geographical size or power in any respect. It is a fast-growing activity whose revenues are not subject to repayment as is the case with loans, nor does it cause inflation as is the case with central bank advances given to the state (monetary procedure). Underdeveloped countries have more need to develop tourism to finance their development. But curiously several obstacles are observed in this field in the said countries and prevent the tourism industry to grow. That is why this study proposes to analyse the impact of the tax burden on the growth of the tourism industry, taking as a case study the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Keywords: Taxation - Tourism - Growth – obstacle

[1]. ANAPI, Vade-mecum des impôts, droits, taxes et redevances du secteur de tourisme, [En ligne], Mise en ligne le 15 octobre 2020,consulté le 11 août 2022. URL: https://www.investindrc.cd/fr/IMG/pdf/vade_mecum_tourisme_ok.pdf
[2]. Anonyme, « Qu'est-ce qu'un bon impôt ? - optimalités multiples, efficacité économique et équité sociale » in Doc de justice, [En ligne], Mise en ligne le 14 juin 2021, consulté le 12 août 2022. URL https://www.doc-du-juriste.com/droit-prive-et-contrat/droit-fscal/dissertation/est-ce-bon-impot-448500.html
[3]. Jean-Denis Garon et Alain Paquet, Les enjeux d‟efficience et la fiscalité, dans L'Actualité économique, Volume 93, numéro 3, septembre 2017.
[4]. Julien Martin et Cristian Stratica, « Fiscalité des entreprises et paradis fiscaux : une étude sur données canadiennes » dans L'Actualité économique, Volume 93, numéro 3, septembre 2017.
[5]. « Mise en tourisme » in Géoconfluence,[En ligne], mis en ligne le 16 novembre 2018, consulté le 11 août 2022. URL : http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/glossaire/mise-en-tourisme

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of the gratification arrangement in Law no. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law no. 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The research method uses empirical legal research methods. The results of the study that every gratuity to a civil servant or state administrator is considered a bribe if it is related to his position and is contrary to his obligations or duties with the following provisions: The value of which is Rp. 10,000,000. bribes are made by the recipient of gratification; With a value of Rp. 10,000,000.00 (ten million rupiahs) or more, the proof that the gratification is not a bribe is made by the recipient of the gratification. This provision is a system of imposing reverse proof, where the recipient of gratification is given the obligation to prove that he has not received gratification, or that the gift he receives has nothing to do with his position, and does not conflict with his duties and obligations.

KEYWORDS: Gratification; Eradication; Corruption

[1]. Febrikusuma, TW, & Eko Soponyono, P. (2016). CRIMINAL LAW POLICY IN THE EFFORT TO COLLECT THE CRIME OF GRATIFICATION IN BLORA DISTRICT (Study of the Decision of the Semarang Tipikor District Court Number: 150/Pid. Sus/2013/PN. Tipikor Semarang). Diponegoro Law Journal, 5(2), 1-11.
[2]. Setiasih, R. (2021). Burden of Proof for Civil Servants and State Officials in Indonesia for Giving Gratification. Journal of Action Research and Education, 7(1), 1-8.
[3]. Mauliddar, N., Din, M., & Rinaldi, Y. (2017). Gratification as a Corruption Crime Related to the Report of Gratification Recipients. Kanun Journal of Legal Studies, 19(1), 155-173.
[4]. Laia, F. (2022). The Application of Criminal Law on Gratification Crimes Performed In Position. The Arrow of Justice Journal, 1(2), 1-16.
[5]. Sulastri, L., & Wibowo, KT (2021). Reconstruction of the Giver of Gratification as the Subject of the Crime of Corruption. IBLAM Law Review, 1(3), 55-82.

Abstract: To understand the progress and development of a society, one of the crucial indicators is how women in that society are being treated. What are their rights, what limitations and prejudices do they face, and what opportunities do they have? Though half the world's population consists of women, they do not enjoy the same footing as their male counterparts in almost all fields of activity, be it social status, economic status, or political participation. They are still struggling in most of the countries in the world to make their presence felt. This paper attempts to understand and highlight the disparity in the social status of women in Arunachal Pradesh's indigenous tribal societies by analyzing.......

Key words: women, patriarchy, immovable property, movable property, customary laws, marriage

[1]. Arunachal Pradesh human development report 2005, p-4, https://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/human_develop_report_arunachal_pradesh_2005_full_report.pdf access on 7th August 2019.
[2]. Pandey,B.B et al. (1997), Status Of Women In Tribal Society Arunachal Pradesh, Directorate of Research Government of Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar, Himalayan publisher, p- iv.
[3]. Arunachal Pradesh human development report 2005, p-5, https://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/human_develop_report_arunachal_pradesh_2005_full_report.pdf access on 7th August 2019.
[4]. 2011 Census of India, https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/arunachal+pradesh.html, access on 24th July 2019.
[5]. Hina, Nabam Nakha. (2012), Customary Laws of Nyishi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh', Authorspress publication, Delhi, p- 4

Abstract: This study aims to compare adulthood, the ideal regulation of adulthood of a child as a valid requirement in an e-commerce contract, and the child responsibility of a child who violates an e-commerce contract as a seller. This is normative legal research whose purpose is to analyze norms. It has been determined through library research that the minimum age for a child to enter into an e-commerce contract is 15 years. The party who creates the e-commerce contract is liable for any contract violations. Specifically, the individual's physical and psychological maturity must be established. Ideally, such a person can be held accountable without transferring the parents' liability.

KEYWORDS: Maturity,Child Responsibility, Breach, E-commerce Contract.

[1]. Ade Maman Suherman dan J.Satrio, Penjelasan Hukum Tentang Batas Umur, Nasional Legal Reform Program, Jakarta, 2010.
[2]. Ahmad AzharBasyir, Asas-AsasHukumMuamalat (HukumPerdata Islam), UII Press, Yogyakarta, 2004.
[3]. AlfianPerdana, PenyelesaianWanprestasiDalamPerjanjianJualBeliMelalui Media Elektronik, JurnalIlmuHukum, Volume.2, Nomor.1, Tahun 2014.
[4]. Arifianto, Rato, danSriono, "KecakapanSeseorangDalamMelakukanPerbuatanHukumMenurutHukumAdatSukuTengger". ArtikelIlmiah, Tahun 2014
[5]. Edmon Makarim, Kompilasi Hukum Telematika, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2004

Abstract: The Chayangtajo Community Development (CD) Block is one of the oldest CD Block in East Kameng District opened in the year 1985 and is the home of 1173 households settled in 35 villages having a population of 6941 with 3407 male population and 3534 Female populations as per Census 2011. The altitude of the block varies from 1060 meters to 1906 meters above the mean sea level. The out comes under cool temperate and sub-humid climatic regions. It is 81 KM away from the district headquarters Seppa and is connected with a motorable road. The people settled in the area are predominant with tribal communities belonging to Nyishi tribes carrying the titles of Bagang, Yangfo, Tajo, Rebe, Killo, Keyong, and Puroik communities.

[1]. Socio-economic Review 2013-14 of East Kameng District (Arunachal Pradesh);
[2]. Census of India 2011,
[3]. MGNREGA website (Report);
[4]. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) from concerned Block.
[5]. Primary data was collected through questionnaires.

Abstract: This study focused on women producers of attiéké marketed in the town of Grand-Bassam. Grand-Bassam is located in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire near Abidjan (43 kilometres). The objective of this study is to describe the role of women in the production of attiéké marketed in Grand-Bassam. Data collection required observation of the attiéké production sites and the attiéké unloading station at the town market. We also conducted a survey of 57 women producers who were present during our visit to the various attiéké production villages. The results of the study show that the attiéké marketed in Grand Bassam is mainly produced in the peri-urban villages of the town, notably in Vitré I and Vitré II, Eloka and......

Keywords: Producer of attiéké, Vitré, Azuretti, Grand-Bassam

[1]. Adayé A. A. (2020), Production et conservation de la semoule de manioc (attiéké), dans la ville de Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire). Revue Espace, Territoires, Sociétés et Santé, 3 (5), pp.93-108.
[2]. Kanga K. M. J. etAka K. A., (2018), le commerce des produits dérivés du manioc à Abidjan : le cas de la pâte de placali, Revue Ivoirienne de géographie des Savanes, Numero 5, pp.131-148.
[3]. Konan A. S., Yeboué K. T. S. U., Kouassi K. et Assi-Kaudjhis J. P. (2017), Structuration de l'espace liée à la production de l'attiéké dans la commune de Cocody (district d'Abidjan), Revue Ivoirienne de Géographie des Savanes, Numéro 2 Juin 2017, ISSN 2521-2125, pp.77-92.
[4]. Krabi E., Assamoi A., Ehon A., Diawara B., Niamkey L. etThonart P., (2015), Production d'attiéké (couscous à basse de manioc fermenté) dans la ville d'Abidjan, Europeanscientific journal, vol.l11, No15, pp.277-292.
[5]. Sotomey M., Ategbo E. D., Mictchikpe E. C., Gutierrez M. et Nago M. C., (1999), Innovation et diffusion de produits alimentaires en Afrique : l'attiéké au Benin, Alimentation, savoir-faire et innovation en agroalimentaire en Afrique de l'ouest, 98p