iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Simulation of Articulated Robotic Manipulator & It's Application in Modern Industries
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pankaj Kumar. Dr. R.K. Gupta
	:	10.9790/1684-11320107

Abstract: Simulation has been recognized as an important research tool since the beginning of the 20th century. Invention of computers boosted the simulation capability that's why simulation is now a powerful tool supporting the design, planning, analysis, and decisions in different areas of research and development. In the present work, a CAD/CAE integrated system for Cartesian, cylindrical & articulated type robot manipulators are developed. The D–H (Denavit–Hartenberg) coordinate transformation method was used to perform the robot position analysis, according to the transformation matrices; P. Corke Robotic toolbox for MATLAB is used for the robot position analysis. Pro/ENGINEER (Pro/E) is used to construct the robot manipulator parametric solid models; Pro/Mechanica is used for the kinematic simulation and analysis of working envelop. Finally an error model is generated to estimate the positional error in all three manipulator configurations. This integrated system not only promotes automation capabilities for robot manipulator production, but also simplifies the CAD/CAE process for a robot manipulator & provides the idea for selecting the robotic manipulator for a particular application.
Keywords: Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Engineering, Denavit-Hartenberg, Pro/Engineer

[1] Bhavesh kumar P. Patel, Dr. J. M. Prajapati "A Review on Kinematics of Hydraulic Excavator's Backhoe Attachment", IJEST 2011.
[2] Chettibi, T., "Synthesis of dynamic motions for robotic manipulators with geometric path constraints", Mechatronics, 2006.
[3] D. Y. Yang, D. G. Ahn, C. H. Lee, C. H. Park, T. J. Kim "Integration Of CAD/CAM/CAE/RP for the development of Metal Forming Process" Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2002).

[4] Dolgui A., and A. Pashkevich, "Manipulator motion planning for high-speed robotic laser cutting", International Journal of Production Research, 2009.
[5] Dr. Agustin Jimenez and Dr. Basil M. Al Hadith "Robot Manipulators, Trends and development" In-Tech, March, 2010.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Manual Scavenging and Technological Solution to Eradicate It. (Turning Scavengers to Engineers)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Rajesh Pant, Mr. Mayank Uniyal, Mr. Prashant Ratodi (Asst Professors) Bhawesh Mehta Tarun kumar, Zaki-ur-Rehman, Gurpreet Singh (Students)
	:	10.9790/1684-11320815

Abstract: This report targets current scenario in manual scavenging and evils associated with it. It also includes technological solution in form of a concept called KATHA-RISMA which means cleaning. The prima-facie of this research paper is to TURN SCAVENGERS TO ENGINEERS. The scope of this report is to bring this evil into limelight and suggest means to eradicate it. It concludes that the stigma attached to manual scavenging and the demeaning conduct in itself are proves of the failure of the socialism, of the leaders and of the people at large and in this way the article projects the need of a social transformation through generation of awareness and strict implementation of technology in order to meet the constraints of moral regime in which this struggle now lives. I further ask this question is it the life of dignity? The first half of this report will specifically focus on India's current policies and the later half will try to provide technological insight into this. The technology of KATHA –RISHMA uses simple electromechanical components which works like a automated device and cleans the toilets without manual application. The self adjustable brushes are designed keeping in mind the surface geometry of the pot and works on the principle of simple razor blade which takes the adjust according to the face geometry.
Keywords: manual scavenging, sewage engineers, socialism, katha-risma

[1] Sanitation and Social Progress Author(s): William H. Allen,The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 8,No. 5, (Mar., 1903), pp. 631-643.
[2] V. R. Krishna Iyer, Justice at Crossroads, Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi, 1994, p. 265
[3] John F. Kennedy, inaugural address, January 20, 1961, 35th president of US 1961-1963 (1917 - 1963).
[4] Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948.
[5] The General Assembly of the United Nations through its Resolution A/C.2/61/L.16/Rev.1 dated 4December 2006 declared 2008 as an International Year of Sanitation

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Improvement of Strength of Concrete with Partial Replacement Of Course Aggregate With Coconut Shell and Coir Fibres
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Anju Mary Ealias , Rajeena A P , Sivadutt S , Asst. Prof. Life John ,Asst. Prof. Anju Paul
	:	10.9790/1684-11321624

Abstract: Coconut shell and coir fibres are the natural materials which is abundantly available in tropical regions. Wastes generated by industrial and agricultural processes have created disposal and management problems which pose serious challenges to efforts towards environmental conservation. A considerable amount of coconut shells and fibres remain in the environment as waste, so utilization of these materials for construction will be an important step to improve sustainability and eco-friendly construction. In addition to that it will help to produce light weight and economically profitable materials in construction field. The current study examined the suitability of partial replacing of coarse aggregate with coconut shell and coir fibres. To compare the above, test for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, temperature resistance, water absorption, electrical resistance, chemical resistance, pH test of sample were performed. The specific gravity, bulk density and water absorption of coconut shell and fibres were analyzed. A study on the economic aspects was also carried out. The addition of fly ash helps to increase the strength and workability of concrete. The results obtained from above will be compared with conventional concrete of same mix.
Keywords: coconut shell, coir fibres, compressive strength, electrical resistivity, fly ash, pH, splitting tensile strength, temperature resistivity, water absorption.

[1]. R.Nagalakshmi, "Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics on M 25 Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash and Coarse Aggregate with Coconut Shell", International Journal of Science & Engineering Research, 2013, Vol. 4, Issue 1.
[2]. K. Gunasekaran, "Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in the Development of Light Concrete", Thesis- SRM University, 2011.
[3]. Majid Ali and NawawiChouw, "Coir Fibre and Rope Reinforced Concrete Beam Under Dynamic Loading", Thesis- University of Auckland, New Zealand, 2009.
[4]. Mostafa Jalal, Ali Reza. Pouladkhan, Hassan Norouzi, GhobadChoubdar, "Chloride Penetration, Water Absorption and Electrical Resistivity of High Performance Concrete Containing Nano Silica and Silica Fume", Journal Of American Science, 2012, Vol. 8, Issue 4.
[5]. D. Maruthachalam., "Studies of Durability Aspects of Fibre Reinforced Concrete", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2012, Vol. 4, No.02.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Predictions of Indoor Thermal Comfort Level using Fuzzy Logic
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sandeep Kumar Manocha , Hari Kumar Singh , P.K. Yadav, B.M. Suman
	:	10.9790/1684-11322533

Abstract: Prediction of Thermal Comfort Level (TCL) is one of the intricate observable facts to understand. This is due the fact that thermal comfort level is quite complicated to demonstrate precisely in view of the fact that the factual procedure has involvement of the human beings. For analytical principles, it can be believed that the individual is a "black box" which obtains inputs as atmospheric provisions and personage variables, while the output is the subjective acuity of thermal comfort level. Interior comfort state of a building relies on the peripheral ambiance and thermo- physical properties of the materials employed in the building. The outer climatologically constraints can be collective as a sole constraint known as Sol Air Temperature (SAT). Similarly, internal and open air surface heat transfer coefficients and thermal properties of the materials employed in the buildings are united in a single feature, termed as Overall Thermal Transmittance (OTT). In the present study, a fuzzy logic move towards achieving the suitable thermal comfort level is being employed assuming the SAT and OTT as input constraints. The complication of the human intellectual and the imprecision of linguistic expressions are taken into the deliberation. A comprehensive clarification of the relevance uniting linguistic approach to the optimization under numerous thermal provision principles is presented in this study.
Keywords: Sol Air Temperature, Thermal Comfort Level, Overall Thermal Transmittance, Fuzzy Logic.

[1]. T. Takagi and M. Sugeno, "Fuzzy identification of systems and its application of systems and its applications to modeling and control, "IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol.15, pp. 116-132,1985.
[2]. E.H Mamdani, "Application of fuzzy algorithms for the control of a dynamic plant, "Proc. IEE, vol.121, pp. 1585-1588, Dec 1974.
[3]. W. Pedrycz and F. Gomide, An introduction to fuzzy sets: analysis and design: The MIT Press,1998.
[4]. L.A. Zadeh, "fuzzy logic, neural networks, and soft computing, "Commun. ACM, vol.37, pp. 77-84, March 1994.
[5]. L.A Zadeh, "fuzzy sets versus probability, "Proc. IEEE, vol.68, pp.421, March 1980.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Parabolic Dish Type Solar Cooking System with Gravity Based Solar Tracking System
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Prashant Raturi, Miss Hemlata Deolal, Jatin Grover, Amit Kumar
	:	10.9790/1684-11323436

Abstract: A mechanism for solar tracking of parabolic dish type solar cooker has been reported in this paper. The proposed mechanism of solar tracking system does not require any external source of power. The solar tracking system is based on gravity. A parabolic dish has been optimized to eliminate the need of solar tracking system along the path of sun. This paper presents the results of the tracking system. Experimental results and performance of prototype have been reported in this paper.
Keywords: solar tracking system, performance, prototype

[1]. Mirdha, U.S, Dhariwal, S.R, 2008. Design optimization of solar cooker.Renewable Energy 33 (3), 530–544.
[2]. Mullick, S.C Kandpal, Subodh, 1996. Testing of box type solar cookers:
[3]. Solar Energy, 409–413. Muthusivagami, R.M., Velraj, R., Sethumadhavan, R., 2010. Solar cookers with and without thermal storage—a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2), 691–701.Tiwari, G.N., 2002. Solar Energy: Fundamentals, Design, Modelling and Applications. Alpha Science International.
[4]. Tiwari, G.N., Yadav, Y.P., 1986. A new solar cooker design energy. Bari, 2000; Narasimha Rao and Subramanyam, 2000; Algifriand Al-Towaie, 2001; Nahar, 2001; Purohit and Negi,2003

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experimental Study of Bituminous Concrete Containg Plastic Waste Material
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pankaj P.Shedame , Nikhil H.Pitale
	:	10.9790/1684-11323745

Abstract: Waste material Management is one of the powerful concept in recent year. To overcome the plastic waste by leaps and bond requires reuse of waste materials in road construction. Being non-degradable in nature, the plastic waste is a serious threat to environment. This threat has emphasized the need to find appropriate solutions for effective plastic waste management. Rapid growth of infrastructure in road construction needs natural resources. In recent year escalation of prizes of natural resources, so that required reuse of waste material in road construction. Now-a-days disposal of different wastes (plastic waste) produced from different Industries is a great problem. In recent years, applications of industrial wastes have been considered in road construction with great interest in many industrialized and developing countries. Reuse of wastes material is a very simple but powerful concept. In this paper we use Low Density polyethylene (LDPE) in road construction. The waste shredded plastic of size 2mm to 8mm was used to coat stone aggregates so as to make them as polymer coated aggregate before they were mixed in hot mix plant (HMP). The bitumen polymer coated aggregate mixture, then, was used in road Construction. There is a need to explore the feasibility of use of plastic waste in road construction. This paper deals with study on the various test performed on aggregates, bitumen and methodology of using plastic waste in bituminous mixes.
Key words: Plastic waste, low density polyethylene, Aggregate, Bitumen

[1]. Abdul Hamid Ahmad,"Waste Plastic for Road Construction" Feb 17, 2012 .
[2]. C.E.G. Justo, Dr. A. Veeraragavan Utilisation of Waste Plastic Bags in Bituminous Mix for Improved Performance of Roads (2002)
[3]. 3.Dr. P. K. Jain, "Plastic Waste Modified Bituminous surfacing for rural Roads" Workshop on Non-Conventional Materials/ Technologies Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi ,18th February,(2012)
[4]. Dr. R. Vasudevan, S.K. Nigam, R. Velkennedy, A. Ramalinga Chandra Sekar, B. Sundarakannan "Utilization of Waste Polymers coated Aggregate for Flexible Pavement And easy Disposal of Waste Polymers" Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Solid waste Management, Chennai, India. pp. 105-111, 5-7September (2007)
[5]. D S V Prasad, M.Anjan Kumar, G V R Prasada Raju, V . Kondayya "A Study on Flexible Pavement Performance with Reinforced Fly ash Sub base" International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering 4ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October, pp. 403-408(2011)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Control of Trajectory Kinematics for Flexible Manipulators Applying Integral Variable Structure Strategy
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Hossam N. Doghiem
	:	10.9790/1684-11324656

Abstract: Tracking control of manipulators with joint flexibility is considered to achieve a higher control technique performance. An integral variable structure control (IVSC) approach for robot manipulators is presented for accurate servo-tracking in the presence of load variation, parameter uncertainty and nonlinear dynamic interactions. A procedure is proposed for choosing the control function so that it guarantees the existence of the sliding mode and for determining the coefficients of the switching plane and integral control gain. Furthermore, a modified proper continuous function is introduced to overcome the chattering problem. The proposed (IVSC) approach has been simulated for a two-degree of freedom flexible joint robot, each joint modeled by two-equations of second order. Stability is insured by the use of Liapunov's direct method. The simulation results demonstrate the potential of the proposed scheme.
Keywords: Flexible joint robot, Integral variable structure system, Sliding mode, Switching plane, Servo-tracking, Stability criterion, Dynamic uncertainty, Chatter

[1]. Ozgoli S. and Taghirad H. D., "A survey on the control of flexible joint robots", Asian Journal of Control, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.1-15, December 2006.
[2]. Koivo A. J., and GUO T.H., "Adaptive linear controller for robotic manipulator", IEEE Trans., 1984, AC-28, pp. 162-171.
[3]. SINGH S.N., "Control and stabilization of a nonlinear uncertain elastic robotic arm", IEEE Trans., 1988, AES-24, pp. 114-123.
[4]. KIM G.K., and SHIN K.G., "An adaptive model following control of industrial manipulator", IEEE Trans., 1983, AES-19, pp. 805-814.
[5]. SINGH S.N., and SCHY A.A., "Robust trajectory following control of robotic system", j. Dynamic systems, Measurement and Control, 1985, 107, pp. 308-315.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit System in Nagpur City
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Safal A. Wankhade , Dr. P. Y. Pawade
	:	10.9790/1684-11325765

Abstract: Transport in Nagpur is important due to Nagpur's strategic location in central India. It is a fast growing metropolis and is the third most populous city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune, also one of the country's most industrialized cities. Due to increase in population as well as transportation NMPL company formed which gives the contract to Vansh Nimay Infraprojects (VNIL) to run city buses but due to increase in transportation and increase in population in Nagpur city it found that there is a numerous problem face by city buses to gave safe and efficient facility to public. Due to these, public in Nagpur city were diverting towards the private transportation. so there is extremely need to improve public transportation which can improve by bus rapid transit system which is new transportation system provide safety and mobility to road users.In these paper we shows the difference between existing public transportation system and bus rapid transit system and how the BRT is superior than other public transportation system and also providing the knowledge about automated vehicle location system which can give the exact location of the bus and other ITS (intilligent transportation system) and there benefits .For implementation purpose to know is there is need of BRT or not, various data of the existing public transportation (star bus ) is collected such as accident data, Interview of people and driver for what problem they face, traffic data collection for how star bus face the problem and extra time taken to reach destination point.
Key words: BRT (Bus Rapid Transit system),ITS (Intelligent Transportation system).

[1]. Vincent, William; Jerram, Lisa Callaghan. The Potential for Bus Rapid Transit to Reduce
[2]. Transportation-Related CO2 Emissions. Journal of Public Transportation, Volume 9, Issue 3, 2006, pp 219-238
[3]. Guey-Shii Lin, Ping Liang, Paul Schonfeld, Robert Larson, ―Adaptive Control of Transit Operations‖, Final Report for Project MD-26-7002, Transportation Studies Center University of Maryland, 1995, pp6-10.
[4]. Furth, P.G. and T.H.J. Muller. Conditional Bus Priority at Signalized Intersections: Better Service Quality with Less Traffic Disruption Transportation Research Record 1731, 2001, pp. 23-30.
[5]. IRC 64:1990 AND M.O.R.T.H(Ministry of road transport and highway)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Water Injection Effects On Performance Characteristics Of A Ci Engine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sagar Patel , Gaurav P Rathod , Tushar M Patel
	:	10.9790/1684-11326670

Abstract: A round all over world numbers of expérimentes are carried out to evaluate the effect of intake manifold water addition on the performance of diesel engines. An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the performance of diesel engine by injecting water in small quantities with the intake air. Single cylinder, four strokes, water cooled type diesel engine used in the experiments. Water flow rates equivalent to 9, 16, 38 ml/min supplied with intake air at 1 to 8 Kg load. Obtained data were compared to performance data brake power, specific fuel consumption, mechanical efficiency obtained without a water supply to a diesel engine on the basis of performance.
Keywords: Water injection, Diesel, CI engine, SFC, NOx.

[1] NOX and HC emission control using water emulsified diesel in single cylinder diesel engine. Asian research publishing network. Vol. 4, No. 8, ISSN 1819-6608. 2009
[2] Effect of direct water injection on DI diesel engine combustion. Society of automotive engineers. 2000-01-2938. 2000.
[3] Effect of diesel and water co-injection with real-time control on diesel engine performance and emissions. Society of automotive engineers technical paper series.2008-01-1190. 2008.
[4] Performance characterization of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with sesame oil - diesel and its blend with ethanol. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology. ISSN: 2278-0181. 2012.
[5] Performance analysis of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with Pyrolysis oil - diesel and its blend with ethanol. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology. ISSN: 2278-0181. 2012.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analysis of Thermal Performance in Solar Dryer
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Nagarajan S, Prem kumar M
	:	10.9790/1684-11327174

Abstract: Solar drying experiments a new type parabolic-shaped solar tunnel dryer was designed and manufactured. Solar dryer consisted of a flat-plate solar collector and a drying tunnel. The collector and the drying tunnel were covered with polycarbonate plates to reduce heat losses and placed in series. Heated air in solar air collector was forced through Grapes by DC-fans driven by 15 W solar cell modules. The total area of the collector was 108 m2. During the drying period, drying air temperature, relative humidity, air flow rates, solar radiation, and lose of mass were measured at different parts of the dryer for every 10 minutes. To investigate its performance, the dryer was used to dry 1 kg of Grapes. The dryer could be used for Grapes of 75% (wb) moisture content, and they could be dried within 2-3 days, with 7% (wb) remaining moister. The products being dried in the dryer got the heat from both the sunlight and the collectors. the temperature of the drying air was varied between 35 - 75˚C, depends on the weather conditions

[1] Bolaji BO, Analysis of moisture transport in the Solar Drying of food items. The pacific J science and technology 2008; 640-646
[2] Janjai S Srisittipokakun,N.Experimental and modeling performances of a roof-integrated solar drying system for drying herbs and spices. Energy 2008; 91-103
[3] Moradi M, ZomorodianA. Thin layer solar drying of cuminum cyminum grains by means of solar carbinet dryer American-Eurasian J.Agric & Environ sci 409-413
[4] Akpinar, E.K., 2004. Energy and exergy analyses of drying of red pepper slices in a convective type dryer. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 31, 1165–1176.
[5] Bala, B. K and M. R. A. Mondol. 2001. Experimental investigation on solar drying of fish using solar tunnel dryer. Drying Technology 19 (2): 427-436. ISSN: 2222-4254.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Runway Excursion: A Problem
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Piyush Gandhewar, Asst. Prof. Hemantkumar G. Sonkusare
	:	10.9790/1684-11327578

Abstract: Landing and takeoff overruns, undershoots, and veer-offs account for most of the accidents that occur on or in the immediate vicinity of the runway. Accident statistics show that, from 1959 to 2009, 55% of the world's jet fatal aircraft accidents occurred during landing and takeoff phases of the flight and accounted for 51% of all onboard fatalities (Boeing 2010). Although in many cases the causal factors involve some type of human error, the conditions at the airport may contribute significantly to the probability and severity of the accidents.
The purpose of this study was to collect the data of runway excursion accidents and find out the reason how and why they happen. We have mainly focus on contamination of runway.
Keywords: Excursion, Overrun Veer-off, etc

[1]. Eduardo S. Ayra "Risk Analysis of Runway Overrun Excursions at Landing: A Case Study"
[2]. Ernest Heymsfield, P.E., M.ASCE "Predicting Aircraft Stopping Distances within an EMAS" Journal of Transportation Engineering, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000600
[3]. Rosa María Arnaldo Valdés, Fernando Gómez Comendador, Luis Mijares Gordún, Francisco J. Sáez Nieto "The development of probabilistic models to estimate accident risk (due to runway overrun and landing undershoot) applicable to the design and construction of runway safety areas" (Safety Science) 49 (2011) 633–650
[4]. Manuel Ayres Jr, Hamid Shirazi, Regis Carvalho, Jim Hall, Richard Speir, "Modelling the location and consequences of aircraft accidents" (Safety Science) 51 (2013) 178–186
[5]. Ernest Heymsfield, W. Micah Hale, Tyler L. Halsey "Aircraft Response in an Airfield Arrestor System during an Overrun" DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000331. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Possibility to Improve Strength and Structural Stability of Bridge Deck Slabs by Using Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Country	:	Saudi Arabia
Authors	:	Nazar S., , Ismaiel M.A., Ahmed M.,
	:	10.9790/1684-11327987

Abstract: Parts of the bridges in Sweden and other countries have shown to have a too low resistance with respect to deterioration. This leads to costly repair interventions that disturbs the traffic and results in high Life Cycle Costs (LCC) for the bridges. This investigation primarily focuses on the mechanical behavior, durability and rheological properties and application of UHPFRC to develop more robust bridge deck slabs. UHPFRC shows better performance at post-cracking due to the strain hardening behavior with distributed micro-cracks, enhancing the service life of bridge deck slabs. The main idea is to use Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) to "harden" those zones of the structure that are exposed to severe environment and high mechanical loading. This conceptual idea combines efficiently protection and resistance properties of UHPFRC and significantly improves the structural performance of the rehabilitated concrete structure in terms of durability and life-cycle costs. The concept is validated by means of four applications demonstrating that the technology of UHPFRC is mature for cast in-situ and prefabrication using standard equipment for concrete manufacturing. Moreover an inventory of two bridges in Sweden has been used as case study to investigate the possibility of use of UHPFRC for rehabilitation.
Keywords: Bridge deck slabs, Interventions, Robust, Strain hardening, UHPFRC

[1] Frangopol, D.M., Bruhwiler, E., Faber, M. H., Adey, B., (2003): Life-cycle performance of deteriorating structures: assessment, design and management. American Society of Civil Engineers. p. 133-140.AASHTO (2010): AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Customary U.S. Units, 5th Edition, with 2010 Interim Revisions, Washington, DC.UBC-1997: Structural Design Requirements, Vol. 2: International Conference of Building Officials, California, USA, 1997.
[2] Denarié, E., (2009): Recommendations for the tailoring of UHPFRC recipes for rehabilitation, ARCHES Project, Report No. ARCHES-05-DE06. Ver. Final, pp.78.
[3] Domone, P., Illston, J. (2010) Construction Materials- Their nature and behavior. Fourth Edition, Spon Press New York, 567. pp.566.
[4] Radomski, W., (2002): Bridge Rehabilitation. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. 476 pp.
[5] Rossi, P., Chanvillard, G., (2000): Fiber Reinforced Concretes (FRC) BE-FIB, RILEM publications S.A.R.L. ENS-61 Av Pdt Wilson, F-94235 CachanCedex, France. P 87 – 100.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Airpreheater Cold End
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K.Sivakumar , J.Boopathy ,F.Sudeep ,K.Arun
	:	10.9790/1684-11328894

Abstract: Generally in the sugar mills, they are using bagasse as the fuel, to burn the bagasse primary and secondary air is supplied. Forced draught fan supply primary air and sail air fan supply secondary air. Primary air is sucked by forced draught fan and passed through the airpreheater to furnace. In airpreheater the flue gases coming out of economizer are further utilized for preheating the atmosphere air before supplying to the furnace. Atmosphere wet air enters into the airpreheater, reacts with the metal tubes causes corrosion. The main aim of this project is to avoid the corrosion of cold end in airpreheater and increase temperature of the supply air to furnace. To resist the corrosion, the atmosphere air temperature is increases up to above dew point temperature (65°C). Air flow analysis takes place from FD fan to furnace using computational fluid dynamics.
Keywords: Airpreheater, corrosion, dewpoint temperature, Computational fluid dynamics.

[1]. John D. Anderson., "Fundamental Of Aero Dynamics", McGraw Hill International., 1991
[2.] Hand book of sugarcane Engineering by E.Hugot third edition.
[3.] Kiang,yen hsiung 'predicting dewpoints of acid gases, Chemical Engineering feb 1989 p 127.
[4.] Perry R.H and Gilton G.H, chemical Engineering Hand book

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Installation Of Black Box In Automobile
Country	:	India
Authors	:	ShantanuNandurkar, Sameer Khirpurikar, Sanket Dixit, Sachin Rathi, Samrudha Karangale
	:	10.9790/1684-113295100

Abstract: Most people associate black boxes with airplanes but they are no longer just the key tool in investigation of airplane accidents. The event data recorder (EDR) as the black box is officially called is slowly gaining an important role in investigation of car accidents as well. Despite the fact that some people have expressed concerns about privacy issues, car black boxes are not helpful for car accident investigators and insurance companies only. By recording the events and actions of the driver including speed, braking, turning, etc. seconds before the collision, the car black box will undoubtedly help both the police and insurance companies in reconstruction of the events before the accident but it will also bring a number of benefits for the car's owner. In our project we focused on some parameters of cars which may be helpful to find out the real cause of the accident or to have a brief idea about the accident. The main parts of the black box are Event Data Recorder (EDR), Crash Survival Memory Unit (CSMU).
Keywords: Crash Survival Memory Unit (CSMU)t, Event Data Recorder(EDR), Memory unit, Video Camera, Power Supply.

[1]" Don Gilman"Automotive Black Box Data Recovery Systems
[2]" Paul Black And Dylan Wiliam"Inside The Black Box
[3]" KwangIkSeoEun Man Choi"Comparison Of Five Black-Box Testing Methods For Object-Oriented Software.
[4]" Tony Bailey"Flight Data Recorders Built To Survive. [5]"Paul Black And Dylan William"Inside The Black Box: Raising Standards
[6]" Stephen H. Edwards"A Framework For Practical, Automated Black-Box

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An experimental study of the Effect of capillary tube diameter and configuration on the performance of a simple vapour compression refrigeration system
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shashank shekhar pathak , Prakhar shukla , Sanjeev chauhan ,A.K.Srivastava
	:	10.9790/1684-1132101113

Abstract: The study of the expansion device in the simple vapour compression refrigeration system is necessary in order to understand the parameters which can enhance the overall performance of the system. The experimental study was done on the capillary tubes of 31 gauge, 36 gauge and 40 gauge and each test section was studied with three distinct configurations i.e. helical coiled, straight coiled and serpentine coiled configuration. The effect of the configuration and the capillary tube diameter on the overall performance of the system was studied. The findings of the experimental study revealed that the mass flow rate is maximum for the straight configuration and is least for the helical coiled configuration. The refrigeration effect was found to be maximum for the helical coiled configuration and was found to be least for straight coiled configuration. The compressor work was found to reduce as the load was increased on the system. Decreasing the capillary tube diameter increased the mass flow rate in the system and decreased the refrigeration effect produced.
Keywords: Capillary Tube, configuration, diameter, refrigeration system.

[1] Hirendra Kumar Paliwall, Keshav Kant2 , " A model for helical capillary tubes for refrigeration systems," International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference Purdue University , 2006
[2] M.Y.Taib, A.A.Aziz and A.B.S.Alias, "Performance analysis of a domestic refrigerator", National Conference in Mechanical Engineering Research and Postgraduate Students, 2010.
[3] J.K.Dabas, A.K.Dodeja, Sudhir Kumar and K.S.Kasana, "Performance characteristics of "vapour compression refrigeration system" under real transient conditions", International Journal of Advancements in Technology, 2011.
[4] Ankush Sharma and Jagdev Singh, "Experimental investigation of refrigerant flow rate with spirally coiled adiabatic capillary tube in vapour compression refrigeration cycle using eco friendly refrigerant", International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2013.
[5] Sudharash Bhargava and Jagdev Singh, "Experimental study of azeotropic blend(30% propane, 55% n-butane, 15% iso-butane) refrigerant flow through the serpentine capillary tube in vapour compression refrigeration system", International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2013.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Performance And Emission Characteristics Of C.I. Engine Fuelled With Diesel-Biodiesel Blends
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jalpit B. Prajapati , Parth R. Panchal , Tushar M. Patel
	:	10.9790/1684-1132114121

Abstract: Environmental concern and availability of petroleum fuels have caused interest in the search for alternative fuels for internal combustion engine. Many alternate fuels are tried by various researches. Based on literature review it is found that for diesel engine Bio Diesel is most promising fuel. In this project works prospects and opportunities of utilizing biodiesel and increasing biodiesel-diesel blend ratio as fuel in diesel engine is going to be studied by fixed compression ratio. Also based on experimentation an optimum blend and engine parameters are to be suggested for obtaining better performance and emission control. Biodiesel is present a functioning as alternative fuels to diesel fuel. The properties of these can be compared favorably with the characteristics required for internal combustion engine fuels specially diesel engine. Experiments will performed for fixed compression ratio i.e. 18 using biodiesel diesel blends i.e. B0, B10, B20, B30, with load variation from no load to full load and compared with base cases i.e. engine using diesel as a fuel. The parameters which will study in performance brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency, In emission carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide. As per the literature survey B20 (20%biodiesel and 80% diesel) is best in performance compare to other blends. But NOx formation is also little higher in B20.
Keywords : Palm biodiesel, Performance, Emission, Diesel-Biodiesel blend

[1] Heywood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. In: Duffy A, Morriss JM, editors. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.; 1988.
[2] Drapcho C, Nghiem J, Walker T. Biofuels engineering process technology. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2008.
[3]. Ekrem Buyukkaya Eect of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics, Fuel 89, pp. 3099-
310, 2010.
[4]. S. Jindal, B.P. Nandwana, N.S. Rathore, Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and injection pressure in a
direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha, Applied Thermal Engineering 30,pp. 442448, 2010.
[5] Labeckas G, Slavinskas S. The effect of rapeseed oil on direct injection Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions. Energy
Convers Manage 2006;47:1954–67.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigation on the Effect of Compression Ratio for Performance and Emission Characteristics of C.I. Engine Fuelled With Diesel-Biodiesel Blends
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jalpit B. Prajapati , Parth R. Panchal , Tushar M. Patel
	:	10.9790/1684-1132122129

Abstract: Environmental concern and availability of petroleum fuels have caused interest in the search for alternative fuels for internal combustion engine. Many alternate fuels are tried by various researches. Based on literature review it is found that for diesel engine Bio Diesel is most promising fuel. This project works prospects and opportunities of utilizing biodiesel and increasing biodiesel-diesel blend ratio as fuel in diesel engine is going to be studied by varying compression ratio. Also based on experimentation an optimum blend and engine parameters are to be suggested for obtaining better performance and emission control. Biodiesel present a very promising scenario of functioning as alternative fuels to diesel fuel. The properties of these can be compared favorably with the internal combustion engine fuels specially diesel engine. Experiments will performed for three compression ratio i.e. 16, 17 and 18 using biodiesel diesel blends i.e. B0, B10, B20, B30, with load variation from no load to full load and compared with base cases i.e. engine using diesel as a fuel. The parameters which will study in performance brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency, In emission carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide. As per the literature survey B20 (20%biodiesel and 80% diesel) is best in performance compare to other blends. But NOx formation is also little higher in B20.
Keywords : Palm biodiesel, Performance, Emission, Diesel-Biodiesel blend

[1] Heywood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. In: Duffy A, Morriss JM, editors. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.; 1988.
[2] Drapcho C, Nghiem J, Walker T. Biofuels engineering process technology. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2008.
[3]. EkremBuyukkayaEect of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics, Fuel 89, pp. 3099-310, 2010.
[4]. S. Jindal, B.P. Nandwana, N.S. Rathore, Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha, Applied Thermal Engineering 30,pp. 442448, 2010.
[5] Labeckas G, Slavinskas S. The effect of rapeseed oil on direct injection Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions. Energy Convers Manage 2006;47:1954–67.