iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evalution of Surface Finish on Machining Of Mild Steel Using High Speed Steel Tool in Lathe with Normal Coolant (Or) Nano Material Added Coolant
Country	:	India
Authors	:	T.Senthil Kumar , G.Mahadevan , T.R.Vikraman
	:	10.9790/1684-11350109

Abstract: Surface finish is one of the prime requirements of industrial machining. The purpose of this project is focused on the analysis of optimum cutting conditions to get lowest surface roughness in turning. This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the effects of cutting parameters like spindle speed, feed, depth of cut and nano material added type of coolant on surface finish on EN-8 by HSS M2 tool. The objective was to establish correlation between cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and type of coolant to optimize the turning conditions based on surface roughness. The study was conducted through RSM method with the help of Design Expert 8.0 software. We have used Servo cut of Indian oil or cool edge SL of Castrol used with water in a ratio of 1:20 as per manufacturer specification. The experiment conducted with 3 different speed, feed and DOC with out nano material ordinary coolant and with one nano material (TiO2) included coolant for L27 method.
Key Words: Turning, Surface Roughness, Regression Surface Methodology(RSM), Sum Of Squares (SOS), Degree Of Freedom (DOF), surface roughness..

[1]. H Aouici, M A Yallese, A Belbah, Mfameuri and M Elbah Sadhana¯ Vol. 38, Part 3, June 2013, pp. 429–445._c Indian Academy of Sciences Experimental investigation of cutting parameters influence on surface roughness and cutting forces in hard turning of X38CrMoV5-1 with CBN tool.
[2]. Vikas B. Magdum, Vinayak R. Naik in International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 1564Evaluation and Optimization of Machining Parameter for turning of EN 8 steel
[3]. Sudhansu Ranjan Das, Amaresh Kumar, and Debabrata Dhupal in . Effect of Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness in Machining of Hardened AISI 4340 Steel Using Coated Carbide Inserts International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 2 No. 4 Apr. 2013, pp. 445-453 © 2013 Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals http://www.issr-journals.org/ijias/Corresponding Author: Sudhansu Ranjan Das .
[4]. P.Subhash, Chandra Bose & C S P Rao in Evaluation of Optimum Cutting Parameters in Turning of NIMONIC 75 using RSM ISSN : 2319 – 3182, Volume -2 , Issue – 2, 2013.
[5]. Rodrigues L.L.R.1, Kantharaj A.N.1, Kantharaj B.2, Freitas W. R. C.2 and Murthy B.R.N.1 Research Journal of Recent Sciences ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 1(10), 19-26, October (2012) Effect of Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness and Cutting Force in Turning Mild Steel.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Finite element model for unsteady open channel flows with sudden contraction / expansion
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Abdul Latif Qureshi , Ali Asghar Mahessar, Ahsanullah Baloch
	:	10.9790/1684-11351017

Abstract: Two-dimensional Finite Element model has been developed for computing incompressible fluid flow using Navier-Stokes equations applying Taylor-Galerkin technique. This approach allows exploring complex hydrodynamic phenomena to compute and analyze unsteady flow patterns in open channel with contraction and expansion. In this paper, numerical results were initially compared with analytical solution to validate the developed model, which reveal good qualitative and quantitative agreement with predictions of other numerical model. Numerical computations were made before, during and after contraction/expansion in two-dimensional channels, in order to understand the transient behavior due to increased length in the downstream. Streamline flow pattern and velocity distribution were computed for various Reynolds number (Re) values at different time units. It was found that wake on downstream side of contraction channel is increased with the increase in Reynolds number value. The present model yields realistic results for addressing irregular problems in the actual field situations, generally observed in open channels.
Keywords: Contraction/expansion, Finite element method, Streamline pattern, Unsteady, Velocity profiles

[1] Cbapra Steven C. and Canale Raymond P., Numerical Methods for Engineers with Programming and Software Applications, McGraw-Hill International Editions, General Engineering Series, 1998.
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[3] Baloch, A, Numerical Simulation of Complex Flows of Non-Newtonian Fluids, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wales, Swansea, UK, 1994.
[4] S. K. W. Tou, A 2-D Finite Element Model for Unsteady Free-Surface Flow and its Experimental Verification, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 6(4), pp. 335–342, 1991.
[5] J. J. Leendertse, A water quality simulation model for well-mixed estuaries and coastal seas, Principle of Computation, 1, the Rand Corporation RM-6230, 1970,..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Development of a Condition Based Maintenance Architecture for Optimal Maintainability of Mine Excavators
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prakash Kumar , Srivastava, R.K.
	:	10.9790/1684-11351822

Abstract: Today's competitive environment requires that industries succeed in sustaining full production capabilities, while minimizing capital investment. From a maintenance perspective, this means maximizing equipment reliability (i.e., achieving maximum uptime), while extending the plants life. This proactive approach needs a Total Planned Quality Maintenance (TPQM) program, the systemizing of all (i.e., preventive, predictive, and planned) maintenance, plus the control by condition based maintenance architecture. As the global marketplace becomes more competitive, such advantages are necessary in order to maintain the large capital mining machineries economic health. The strategic dimensions of maintenance management form the basis for wise decision-making, which can be performed by organizational design, maintenance methodology, adequate support systems, corporate culture and effective maintenance. Although, extensive data base and knowledge pool are available regarding maintenance, its methodology and concerned feedback mechanism, but no suitable or custom built maintenance strategy is yet available for specific mining machinery including mining excavators. Research and Development of a custom built maintenance System is the need of the day because of large capital, productivity and risk involved with the mine excavators in a high capital intensive industrial scenario with acute sensitivity in the performance of such machines. This paper discusses a condition based maintenance architecture program for Optimal Maintainability of mine excavators. The Optimal Maintainability Program (OPM) includes various functional analysis of excavators and its component and various sub-components.

[1] Adhammar Et.al, Preventive Management/Essential care Condition monitoring,
[2] D.W.Rolston, Principles of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Development, McGraw-Hill, 1988
[3] Fytas. K. Collins, J.L.Flament, Potential applications of knowledge-based systems in mining. CIM Bulletin,Vol.81, 1988, PP 38-43.
[4] Gurtsbach I.B, Modele of Preventive Maintenance.
[5] Jim Parentzas, A Wab- Based controlled By a Hybrid expert System.
[6] Jardine AKS, Maintenance, Replacement &Reliability,Pitman publication

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Performance investigation of Automobile Radiator operated with Al2O3 based nanofluid
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rahul A. Bhogare , B. S. Kothawale
	:	10.9790/1684-11352330

Abstract: In this study, effect of adding Al2O3 nanoparticle to base fluid (mixture of EG+Water) in Automobile radiator is investigated experimentally. Radiators are compact heat exchangers optimized and evaluated by considering different working conditions. The cooling system of a Automobile plays an important role in its performance, consists of two main parts, known as radiator and fan. Improving thermal efficiency of engine leads to increase the engine's performance, decline the fuel consumption and decrease the pollution emissions. For this purpose, an experimental setup was designed. Effects of fluid inlet temperature, the flow rate and nano particle volume fraction on heat transfer are considered. Results show that Nusselt number, total heat transfer, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase , nano particle volume fraction , air Reynolds number and mass flow rate of coolant flowing through radiator.
Keywords: Nanofluids, Automobile Radiator, Heat Transfer Enhancement

[1]. D.P. Kulkarni, R.S. Vajjha, D.K. Das, D. Oliva, Application of aluminum oxide nanofluids in diesel electric generator as jacket water coolant, Applied Thermal Engineering 28 (14-15) (2008) 1774-1781.
[2]. Vlassov, V. V., de Sousa, F. L. and Takahashi, W. K., "Comprehensive optimization of a heat pipe radiator assembly filled with ammonia or acetone", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, No. 23, (2006), 4584-4595.
[3]. W. Yu, D.M. France, S.U.S. Choi, J.L. Routbort, Review and Assessment of Nanofluid Technology for Transportation and Other Applications (No. ANL/ ESD/07-9). Energy System Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 2007.
[4]. J.A. Eastman, S.U.S. Choi, S. Li, W. Yu, L.J. Thompson, Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles, Applied Physics Letters 78 (6) (2001) 718-720.
[5]. Y. Hwang, J.K. Lee, C.H. Lee, Y.M. Jung, S.I. Cheong, C.G. Lee, Stability and thermal conductivity characteristics of nanofluids, Thermochimica Acta 455 (1-2) (2007) 70-74.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Quality Assessment of Ground Water in and Around Erumapalayam, Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite Area in Salem
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Narmatha. M
	:	10.9790/1684-11353135

Abstract: The Municipal Solid Waste generated in Salem was estimated 335 Million tons per day which is being dumped and accumulated in Erumapalayam dumping yard for the past four decades. Due to the poor scientific management of landfill, the ground water may be contaminated through the leach ate. This study has extensively analyzed the impacts on ground water caused by the non-scientific solid waste management and disposal methods. In order to assess the present status of ground water quality, a total of 25 water samples were collected from all the directions in a radius of 1000m from the dumping yard. The collected water samples were analyzed for parameters of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, Nitrate, chloride and fluoride. Also, Water Quality Indices were determined for all the water samples. The study reveals that the concentration of above parameters exceeds the permissible value of BIS (Bureau of Indian standards) and WHO (World Health Organization) standards in almost all the samples. WQI (Water Quality Indices) reveals that water quality rating of samples falls in two categories namely poor and very poor. Hence, the ground water around the dumping yard is found to be non-potable.
Keywords: Total hardness, Total Alkalinity, decades, Nitrate.

[1]. "ISI (1991) Indian standard Drinking Water Specifications, New Delhi, 5, 16".
[2]. " Laboratory Manual on Water Analysis, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur."
[3]. "WHO (2004) International standards of drinking water. World Health organization, Geneva. pp:55-79".
[4]. "Adelekan B A, International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 2010, 2 (6): 137-147".
[5]. "Camp, T.R and R.L.Meserve (1974), Water and its impurities, 2nd ed., Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, P.A"
[6]. "Quality Assessment of ground water in pallavaram municipal solid dumpsite area nearer to Chennai, Tamil Nadu"
[7]. "Safe Drinking Water Foundation (SDWF)"

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analysis of the penstock for pit turbine using computational fluid dynamics
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Amit Anakiya, Hiren Prajapati, Sunil Prajapati
	:	10.9790/1684-11353642

Abstract: The whole work of the paper is covered by the modeling modification for the CFD analysis, qualitative meshing, selection of the turbulence model, CFD analysis. More time in the CFD analysis is occupied by the modeling of the component and its meshing. Penstock for the pit turbine is different from the other penstock because it has water distribution chamber which spits the water from the main penstock. Because of the turbulence flows the actual pressure on the inner wall of the penstock cannot easily predicted by the analytical method. This paper focuses on to find the pressure on the inner wall.
Keywords: Pit turbine, k-e model, Solid Works 14, ANSYS Fluent 14.5

[1]. Module 5: Hydropower engineering, Version 2 , IIT Kharagpur

[2]. Yusus cengel , 'Fluid mechanics fundamental and application' –book

[3]. Cheng-Wen Lin 1, Scott Percival 1, and Eugene H. Gotimer,' viscous drag calculations for ship hull geometry'

[4]. C.X. Zhange, 'Numerical prediction of the turbulent recirculating flows with k-e model', journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamic, volume- 51 issue-2, feb-1994.

[5]. Pipe Roughness Values, Jacques Chaurette P. engineering, www.lightmypump.com February 2003

[6]. Adam Adamkwoski, 'Case study on Lapino power plant failure' journal of hydraulic engineering, 2001

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Sizing of a stand-alone photovoltaic power system at India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ajay S. Tiwari
	:	10.9790/1684-11354347

Abstract: A stand-alone photovoltaic power system is designed to operate residential appliances such as fluorescent lamp, and ceiling fan using standard methods. The total load is estimated for twelve hours of operation per day. The battery is sized considering different factors that affect battery efficiency to reliably operate the estimated loads during a sequence of below average insolation. The minimum battery size is obtained to be 130Ah, 12V. The PV array is sized to operate the load on a daily basis based on average weather conditions. The array is sized to proper values in order to operate the estimated load reliably in the month of minimum insolation taking into account different types of power losses.
Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic, Battery, Power, Current, Voltage, Ampere

[1]. Duffie ZA, Beckman WA. Solar engineering of thermal processes. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1990.
[2]. Boer KW et al. Materials for solar photovoltaic energy conversion, Annual Review of Material Science, M6, 303.
[3]. Groumpos PP et al. An optimal sizing method for stand-alone photovoltaic power systems. Solar Energy 1987;38(5):341–51.
[4]. Stand Alone Photovoltaic Power systems. A Hand Book of Recommended Design Practics. Sandia National Laboratories, USA, 1991.

[5]. Hussain M, Huda, Ainul, Optimization of the tilt angle for inclined collectors at Dhaka In: Proc. World Renewable Energy Congress, 1996.
[6]. Hussain M, et al. A study of solar radiation in Dhaka. In: Proceedings of the National Solar EnergyConvention, India, pp. 103–5, 1995

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study on Silica and Alumina Potential of the Savannah Biogases Ash
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	A. M. Usman, A. Raji, N. H. Waziri and M. A. Hassan
	:	10.9790/1684-11354852

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine silica and alumina potential of ashof sugarcane bagasse obtained from Savannah Sugar Company Numan, Adamawa state of Nigeria. Sugarcane bagasse samples were burnt in a metallurgical furnace at three different temperatures of 500oC, 600oC and 700oC. The percentages of ashes that remained after burning were found to be 12.65%, 10.89% and 9.95%, respectively. The ashes were ground to powder and using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) machine, the samples of the ashes were analysed to determine their percentage chemical oxide composition. The XRF results show that the silica contents are 76.168%, 76.292% and 77.286% while alumina contents are 11.079%, 11.410% and 10.951% for 500oC, 600oC and 700oC respectively. It was concluded that the sugarcane bagasse ash has high silica and alumina total content which are the most commonly used reinforcing materials in aluminium matrix composites. It was recommended that to enhance the application of the ash as reinforcement, the ashshould befurther heated at 1100oC and above for a period of 2 – 3hours.
Key words: Alumina,Bagasse ash, Composition, Reinforcement, Silica and Temperature

[1]. P. Worathanakul,W. Payubnob, and A. Muangpet, Characterization for Post-treatment Effect of Bagasse Ash for Silica Extraction,World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 32, 2009, 360-362.
[2]. S. Aigbodion,S. B. Hassan, G. B. Nyior, and T. Ause, Potential Utilization of Solid Waste Bagasse Ash,Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 9(1), 2010, 67-77.
[3]. G. C. Cordeiro, R. D. Toledo Filho, E. M. R. Fairbairu, L. M. M. Tavares, and C. H. Oliveira, Influence of Mechanical Grinding on the Pozzolanic Activity of Residual Sugarcane Bagasse Ash,Used of Recycled Material in Building and Structures Conference, Barcelona, 2004, 1-10.
[4]. S. Janjaturaphan, and S. Wansom, Pozzolanic Activity of Industrial Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology, 17(4), 2010, 349-367.
[5]. S. Affandi, H. Setyawan, S. Winardi, A. Purwanto, and R. Balgis, A Facile Method for Production of High-Purity Silica Xerogels From Bagasse Ash, Advanced Powder Technology, 20, 2009, 468-472.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Fabrication of pneumatic gear changer
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S. Vijay Kumar, P. Nithesh Reddy, P. Masoom basha
	:	10.9790/1684-11355363

Abstract: In this study, a gear shifting mechanism was designed and applied to make the shifting process faster and less destructible for the driver. The new device must be reliable, has a small dimensions, low construction and maintenance cost. This paper aims to improve gear shifting process using devices as: a manual four speed gear box, two pneumatic double acting cylinders, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), an electrical motor , limit switches, push buttons, bulbs, a table (holder) and power supply. According to suggested gear_ shifting method the control unit chooses optimum gear shifting ratio for an automobile without operating it manually (using relays). Using this method leaves to the driver the excitement of choosing the shifting moment.

Keywords: Control unit (relays) - programmable, pneumatic cylinders, Solenoid valves, gear box, gear shifting mechanism, proximity sensor.

[1]. Brejcha, M.F., 1993. Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New York.
[2]. Clements-Jewery, K. and W. Jeffcoat, 1996. The PLC Workbook; Programmable Logic Controllers Made Easy. Prentice Hall.
[3]. Glielmo, L., L. Lannelli and V. Vacca, 2006. Gearshift control for automated manual transmissions. IEEE/ASME Tran. Mech.,
11(1): 17-25.
[4]. Inalpolat. M. and A. Kahraman, 2008. Dynamic modelling of planetary gears of automatic transmissions. Proc. I Mech E Part D: J.
Automobile Eng., 222: 229-242.
[5]. Okada, T., T. Minowa, M. Kayano, T. O chi, H. Sakamoto and H. Kuroiwa, 2002. Gear shift control technique for auto-shift manual
transmission system with torque assist mechanism. JSAE Tran, 33(2): 61-66, (In Japanese).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Finite Element Analysis of Universal Joint
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Swati N. Datey , S.D. Khamankar, Harshal C. Kuttarmare
	:	10.9790/1684-11356469

Abstract: The power produced from an engine of automobile can be transferred to the drive wheel by power transmission system. Each automobile has different power transmission system constructive features depend on vehicle's driveline concept. While transmitting a torque different stresses are induced such as tensional stress & bending stress are experienced. Finite element method is used as stress analysis to determine the stress conditions at a failed section.
In this preproject seminar report, analysis of rigid flange coupling is carried out which is similar to the universal joint. In this Finite Element Method analysis of rigid flange coupling with the help of ANSYS Software for different torque and load condition and it verify by manual calculation.
Index term: CV, ANSYS, FEM,

[1] SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0299, 2002, doi:10.4271/2002-01-0299.John R. Dharte - American Axle and Manufacturing
[2] SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2067, 2009, doi:10.4271/2009-01-2067. Javed Iqbal - Oakland Univ.
[3] [IJESAT] INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Volume-2, Issue-3, 690 – 694 ISSN: 2250–3676 Prof. Siraj MohammdAli Sheikh
[4] Rao, S. S. The Finite Element Method in Engineering", Second Edition, Elmsford, NY: Pergamon, 1989.
[5] J.H. Ong, "Finite elements for vibration of vehicle transmission system" Elsevier Science Publishers 1992, pp257-263
[6] Vogwell J. "Analysis of a vehicle wheel shaft failure" Eng Fail Anal 1998

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Performance of Contracting Agencies by Adopting Checklists in Quality Assessment
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Eng. Shweta N. Istape, Prof. M. R. Apte
	:	10.9790/1684-11357073

Abstract: In order to improve quality in construction industry it is important to understand the factors affecting the quality and analyze these factors in terms of its effects. Better management would result in increased efficiency with reduced quality failures while saving tremendous amount of money. Better management is dependent on the different agencies involved in a project and their attitude towards quality improvement, measurement and efforts taken to achieve quality. The purpose of this paper is to provide information regarding assessment of contractor's performance, from the point of view of achieving quality on site. Checklist fulfills the criteria for quality assurance requirements of construction activities. The checklists are provided as part of the evaluation process for the quality assurance plan.
Keywords: Contractor Performance Assessment, Construction Quality, Quality Improvement and Measurement.

[1]. By Rizwan U. Farooqui(Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology,Karachi, Pakistan & Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Construction Management, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA);Rehan Masood (Site Engineer, Paragon Constructors (Pvt) Ltd.,Karachi, Pakistan)Junaid Aziz(QC Engineer, Izhar (Pvt) Ltd, Karachi, Pakistan), Assessing the Viability of Total Quality Management Implementation inContracting firms of Pakistani Construction industry; First International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries (ICCIDC–I)-"Advancing and Integrating Construction Education, Research & Practice"
[2]. August 4-5, 2008, Karachi,, Pakistan.
[3]. By Robby Soetanto And David G. Proverbs University Of Wolverhampton, Modelling Client Satisfaction Levels: The Impact Of Contractor Performance;The Australian Journal Of Construction Economics And Building Vol.2 No.1 27

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Energy and Performance Assessment of Magnetic Water Chiller in HVAC System in Tropical Climate
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr Mayur Gohil, Mr Harshit Desai
	:	10.9790/1684-11357478

Abstract: Chiller system is becoming most essential part of HVAC industry. Now a day, many commercial building, public building, and manufacturing industries also incorporate chillers system in HVAC design, which accounts for large proportion (over a half of total electricity consumption) of electrical energy consumption. And therefore evaluation of its energy management opportunities should be the prioritized. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate and standardize energy and performance assessment and improvement methodology of magnetic water chiller in tropical climate where occupancy of people working in "Shree Ramkrishna Export Pvt Ltd, Surat" is very high (5000/shift) in total cooling area 24907 ft2. After removing scales and replacing expansion valve in 1250 kW chiller capacity water chiller and removing scales and replacing compressor in 950 kW capacity chiller, performance of these two chiller were improved and power consumption was reduced at difference load conditions. In 1250 kW chiller, reduction of power consumption was up to 7.79% per year at full load condition and in 950 kW chiller, reduction of power consumption was up to 6.05% per year at full load condition.

[1] F.W. Yu, K.T. Chan, Improved energy management of chiller system by multivariate and data envelope analyses, Applied Energy 92 (2012) 168-174