iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Automated People Movers: A Futuristic Approach to Modern Transportation Planning
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shumank Deep Srivastava, Ruchin Agrawal
	:	10.9790/1684-11330111

Abstract: Automated people mover (APM) refers to fully automated, grade separated mass transit system. These systems are utilized in relatively small areas such as airport, theme parks etc. Since beginning in 1964 these systems have gone through a series of developments and transformations which resulted in the present APM. People movers use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit or maglev. APMs deploy fleets of small vehicles over a track network with off-line stations, and supply near non-stop service to passengers. This paper highlights the developmental transition of APMs and ATSs right from their evolution, covering all the change mechanisms involved in the process of evolution. The various needs and factors which catapulted in the technical and technological advancement of this ongoing and ever-evolving field of niche transportation have been thoroughly explored. Also a detailed critical comparison with other existing transportation systems of the same genre is drawn out.

Key words: APM, personal rapid transit, Automated Guideway transit, maglev, podcar, guideway, intrusion prevention system, automatic train protection

[1]. Automated people mover Standards part 1,2,3,4 by ASCE, T&DI
[2]. Chapter 18, handbook of transportation engineering, by Myer Kutz, volume 2
[3]. Feasibility of personal rapid transit in Ithaca, New York, by NYSERDA
[4]. A Personal Rapid Transit/Airport Automated People Mover Comparison by Peter J. Muller, P.E.
[5]. Detailed Project Report of Amritsar PRT project

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Seismic performance of buildings resting on sloping ground−Areview
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. R. B. Khadiranaikar, Arif Masali
	:	10.9790/1684-11331219

Abstract: This study summarizes the knowledge in the seismic response of buildings on hill slopes. The dynamic response of the structure on hill slope has been discussed. A review of studies on the seismic behaviour of buildings resting on sloping ground has been presented. It is observed that the seismic behaviour of buildingson sloping ground differ from other buildings. The various floors of such buildings step backs towards hill slope and at the same time buildings may have setbacks also. Most of the studies agree that the buildings resting onsloping ground has higher displacement and base shear compared to buildings resting on plain ground and theshorter column attracts more forces and undergo damage when subjected to earthquake. Step back building could prove more vulnerable to seismic excitation.
Keywords: Seismic performance, Sloping ground, Step back building.

[1] Birajdar.B.G,"Seismic analysis of buildings resting on sloping ground", 13thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 1472, 2004.
[2] S.M.Nagargoje and K.S.Sable," Seismic performance of multi-storeyed building on sloping ground", Elixir International Journal, 7 December 2012.
[3] Y. Singh and Phani Gade "Seismic Behavior of Buildings Located on Slopes" - An Analytical Study and Some Observations From Sikkim Earthquake of September 18, 2011. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Journal 2012.
[4] Mohammed Umar Farooque Patel et al "A Performance study and seismic evaluation of RC frame buildings on sloping ground" IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X-, PP 51-58,2014.
[5] Prashant D, Dr. Jagadish Kori G " Seismic Response of one way slope RC frame building with soft storey" International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development Issue 3, Vol.5 (September 2013).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparison of Cutting Performance Durning Turning of Hardened Aisi 4340 Steel with Minimal Multiple Jet Cutting Fluid
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prof B.winston Sandeep kumar, Prof A.Sengole rayan
	:	10.9790/1684-11332032

Abstract: This project mainly concern with the minimal quantity lubricant used in metal cutting process during turning operation. New cutting techniques are to be investigating to achieve this objective. Hard turning with minimal fluid application is one such technique, which can ease the pollution problems associated with cutting fluids. In this project specially formulated cutting fluid is applied at high velocity, thin pulsed multiple jet form at the immediate cutting zones at extremely low rate of 5 ml/min. Objective of this project is to enhance the performance of conventional hard turning by the application of minimal multiple jet of cutting fluid and compare it with conventional wet and pure dry cutting with respect to surface finish, tool wear and tool life.

[1]. A.S .Varadarajan, P.K. Philip and B. Ramamoorthy, (1999) "Investigations on hard turning with minimal pulsed jet of cutting fluid", International seminar on manufacturing technology beyond 2000, Bangalore, November 17, pp.173.
[2]. A.S Varadarajan, P.K. Philip and B. Ramamoorthy, (2002) "Investigations on hard turning with minimal cutting fluid application(HTMF) and its comparison dry and wet turning", International journal of machine tools & manufacture , vol 42, pp. 193-200.
[3]. P.K. Philip, A.S. Varadarajan, B. Ramamoorthy, (2000) "Influence of cutting fluid composition and delivery variables on performance in hard turning using minimal fluid in pulsed jet form", journal of the institution of engineers –India.
[4]. Nikhil Ranjan Dhar, Sumaiya Islam, Mohammad Kamruzzaman, (2007) "Effect of minimal quantity lubrication on tool wear, surface roughness and dimensional deviation in turning AISI-4340 steel", G.U. Journal of science, vol 20(2), pp.23-32.
[5]. Dhar. N.R., Islam. M.W., Islam. S., Mithu. M.A.H., (2006) "The influence of minimal quantity of lubrication (MQL) on cutting temperature, chip and dimensional accuracy in turning AISI-1040 steel", Journal of materials processing technology, vol 171, pp-93-99.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Optimum Design of Three Layer Compound Cylinder
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Tapan Majumder , Susenjit Sarkar , Samar Ch.Mondal , Dulal KrishnaMandal
	:	10.9790/1684-11333341

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to optimize design of three layer compound cylinder for a specificinternal pressure. Optimally designed three layer cylinder has equal maximum hoop stresses at the inner surfaces in each cylinder. Here three important parameters are considered for optimization - interface diameter, interference and outside diameter, keeping other parameters such as material, internal diameter and internal pressure, etc. are constant. In order to shrink-fit successive shells upon one another, the outer shelling; it may then be slipped over the inner shell or shells and allowed to cool. So a preheat temperature necessary to provide the required thermal expansions. This paper introduces the methodology for optimum design of shrink fitted three-layer compound cylinder based on maximum tensile stress. Then the analytical results of optimum design calculated are validated with Finite Element Analysis in ANSYS WORKBENCH environment.
Keywords: Compound cylinder, Finite element analysis, Maximum tensile stress, Optimum design, Shrink fit.

[1]. G.H. Majzoobi, A. Ghomi (2006) "Optimization of compound pressure cylinders", Journal of Achievements in Materials and
Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 15, Issue 1-2 March-April.
[2]. Patil Sunil A., (2011) "Finite Element Analysis of optimized compound cylinder", Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research,
Vol. 3(1), Issue March.
[3]. Humid Jahed, Behrooz Farshi and Morvarid Karimi (2006) "Optimum Autofrettage & Shrink-Fit Combination in Multi-Layer
Cylinders", Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Transactions of the ASME, pp. 196-200 , Vol. 128, MAY (2006).
[4]. A. A. Miraje, S. A. Patil (2011) "Minimization of material volume of three layer compound cylinder having same materials
subjected to internal pressure", International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology , Vol. 3, No. 8, 2011, pp. 26-40.
[5]. Ayub A. Miraje and Dr. Sunil A. Patil (2011) " Infinite fatigue life of three layer shrink fitted compound cylinder under fluctuation
internal pressure " ,International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET), Vol 3, Issue 1, Journal-April (2012),
pp. 288-299.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Obstacles in Implementing Automation in Indian Infrastructure Projects
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Akash S. Tambi , A. R. Kolhe , Upendra Saharkar
	:	10.9790/1684-11334244

Abstract: The construction industry is labour intensive and construction work is conducted in risky and dangerous situations. The importance of construction automation has grown rapidly in developed countries. In developing countries like India, the construction industries need automation technologies such as new machineries, electronic devices etc. The infrastructure project requires more numbers of skilled labour, good quality of work, increases productivity etc. The problems associated with construction work such as decreasing quality of work, labour shortages, and safety of labour and working condition of projects. To overcome these problems new innovative technologies such as automation which has the potential to improve the quality, safety, and productivity of the industries must be implemented. This paper describes the information about automation in Indian construction industry by using qualitative study of local construction industries in and around Pune. The qualitative study has been carried out by taking interviews of the professional working in local construction industries in and around Pune. From this qualitative study some obstacles in implementing automation are discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Automation, Construction Industry, Infrastructural projects, Obstacles

[1]. www.dictionary.com from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/automation (2008)
[2]. S.M.S. Elattar, "Automation and Robotics in Construction, Opportunities and Challenges (Emirates Journal for Engineering Research) (2008), Vol. 13(2),p. 21-26 [3]. Matt M. Hewitt and John A. Gambatese, "Automation Consideration during Project Design.‟ Proceeding of International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Washington D.C. 2002.
[4]. Li-Ren Yang and James T. O‟connor, "Assessment of Automation and Integration Technology‟s Impacts on Project Stakeholder success. Automation in Construction 16 (2007) 725-733.
[5]. Shinko Research Co. Ltd, "Automation of Building Construction and Building Product Industry- State of Art in Japan. Dec.18 2007.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Financial Risks and Bankability In EPC Contracts
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rahul Bali, Prof M.R Apte
	:	10.9790/1684-11334549

Abstract: EPC contracts are the most common form of contract used to undertake construction works on large-scale. EPC Contractor has to deliver a complete facility for a guaranteed price by a guaranteed date and it must perform to the specified level. Failure to comply with any requirements will usually result in the contractor incurring monetary liabilities Risks allocation between the contractor and the project company that satisfies the lenders are bankable contracts. Lenders prefer for one strong party to accept full responsibility, delivering the works on time, on budget and to meet the required technical and performance specification. At times EPC contractors act as a consortium. The work is divided between the parties, such split / cooperation is encouraged keeping intact the efficiency and single point responsibility. The key driver for adopting a split structure is also the tax efficacy considering all financial risks as well.The EPC contract constitutes a large portion of the project cost. Therefore, apart from being satisfied that the project is financially viable, the primary interest of lenders during the pre-contract stage will be to ensure only well qualified credit worthy EPC contractors are considered.
Keywords: EPC Contract, Financial Risks, Lender, Bankability, Consortium

[1]. A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK) Fifth Edition, 2013 Project Management Institute, Inc
[2]. Damian McNair, EPC Contracts in Power Sector, www.dlapiper.com
[3]. Michael Dew, Bankability of construction contracts,2005, www.legaltree.ca
[4]. Pranjal Bora, Bankability and structuring of EPC Contracts, 2009, www.epcworld.in
[5]. David Z. Vance, EPC Contracts for Domestic and International Projects, 2006, Baker & McKenzie

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experimental studies coupled by Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) findings for the of Heat Transfer enhancement in Flat Plate Solar Water Collectors
Country	:	Greece
Authors	:	Grigorios Iordanou , Eleni Apostolidou
	:	10.9790/1684-11335057

Abstract: The aim of this experimental study is to improve the thermal performance of passive flat plate solar collectors using a novel cost effective enhanced heat transfer technique. The project work focuses on the process of energy conversion from the collector to the working fluid. This is accomplished by employing an aluminium grid placed in the channels of a collector to induce a gradient of heat capacitance. This novel technique is tested experimentally using two unglazed collectors. One collector has the aluminium net inserted in its channels and it is tested against an identical conventional collector in order to have a direct comparison at the same time. The results are coupled by the findings of simplistic Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) designs, obtained in previous work. The experimental data obtained and the CFD findings show a good agreement.

Keywords: Flat Plate Solar Water Collectors, Heat Transfer Enhancement, Metallic Mesh, CFD

[1]. L F. Caslake, D J. Connolly, V Menon, CM. Duncanson, R Rojas and J Tavakoli, Disinfection of Contaminated Water by Using Solar Irradiation, Appl. Environ Microbiol. Volume 70, 2004, 1145–1150.
[2]. Amnon Einav, Solar Energy Research and Development Achievements in Israel and Their Practical Significance Sol. Energy Eng. Volume 126, 2004, 92,.
[3]. S Suzer, F. Kadirgan, H.M. Sohmen, A.J. Werherilt, I.E. Ture, Spectroscopic characterization of Al2O3-Ni selective absorbers for solar collectors, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 52, 1998, 55-60.
[4]. F. Kadirgan, M. Sohmen, Development of Black Cobalt Selective Absorber on Copper for Solar Collectors, Turk J Chem Vol.23, 1999, 345-351.
[5]. S. Furbo and L. Jivan Shah, Thermal advantages for solar heating systems with a glass cover with antireflection surfaces, Vol. 74, 2003, 513-523.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A case study on town planning sustainability, impact of community supplies and sanitation programmes in various developing countries- An overview
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.A.Vijayabaskar, V.Shanthi
	:	10.9790/1684-11335868

Abstract: This paper highlights the importance of considering ecological sustainability issues in any town's infrastructure plans and investments. It reviews the sustainable impact of different developing countries such as water supply, drainage, electricity, tree plantation, transportation and planning in urban and town infrastructure as a case study, both to enhance economic growth and to contribute to poverty reduction, and what this implies for developing countries. It highlights the lack of attention given to ecological issues and the dangers of assuming that the resources will be available to support it and those prices for fresh water, fossil fuels and food will not rise. It also points to large ecological footprint and its heavy dependence on non-renewable resources, especially solid waste management- which means that turning waste into wealth by deriving income from solid waste, every waste price rise transfers money from the economy to national and global financial circuits. Housing lower-income groups in conventional housing with no attention to a more compact, less automobile-dependent city form exposes them to high water and energy costs. The paper ends by pointing to the advantages for the town of developing and for lower-income groups of including ecological issues, and outlines the possibilities for doingthe occupational health hazards should be minimised by adhering to safety precautions.
Keywords: Ecological, Hazards, Infrastructure planning, Solid waste management, Sustainable development, Town planning.

[1] Allison, M., Harris, P. J. C., Hofny-collins, A. H. and Stevens, W. (1998).A Review of the Use of Urban Waste in Peri- Urban Interface Production Systems. Coventry, Henry Doubleday research association.
[2] Antrop M (2000) Changing patterns in the urbanized countryside of Western Europe. Landscape Ecology 15: 257–270.
[3] Baud, I.S.A. and Post, J. (2003). "Between Markets and Partnerships: Urban Solid Waste Management and Contributions to Sustainable Development?‟ Global Built Environment Review, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 46-55
[4] Benedict MA, McMahon ET (2002). Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century. Renewable Resources Journal 20: 12-17
[5] Bolund P, Hunhammar S (1999) Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics 29: 293–301

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Multi-Function Operating Machine: A Conceptual Model
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sharad Srivastava , Shivam Srivastava , C.B.Khatri
	:	10.9790/1684-11336975

Abstract: This paper presents the concept of Multi-Function Operating Machine mainly carried out for production based industries. Industries are basically meant for Production of useful goods and services at low production cost, machinery cost and low inventory cost. Today in this world every task have been made quicker and fast due to technology advancement but this advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure, every industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the product at low average cost. We have developed a conceptual model of a machine which would be capable of performing different operation simultaneously, and it should be economically efficient .In this machine we are actually giving drive to the main shaft to which scotch yoke mechanism is directly attached, scotch yoke mechanism is used for sawing operation. On the main shaft we have use bevel gear system for power transmission at two locations. Through bevel gear we will give drive to drilling centre and grinding centre. The model facilitate us to get the operation performed at different working centre simultaneously as it is getting drive from single power source. Objective of this model are conservation of electricity (power supply), reduction in cost associated with power usage, increase in productivity, reduced floor space

[1]. Heinrich Arnold1"The recent history of the machine tool industry and the effects of technological change "University of Munich, Institute for Innovation Research and Technology Management, November 2001.
[2]. Dr. Toshimichi Moriwaki "Trends in Recent Machine Tool Technologies" Professor Department f Mechanical Engineering Kobe University ,NTN Technical Review No.74(2006).

[3]. T. Moriwaki "Multi-functional machine tool" ,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Japan CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology DOI:10.1016/j.cirp.2008.09.004 .
[4]. Frankfurt am Main "Multi-purpose machines ensure enhanced ", 1 January 11.
[5]. "Selecting and Planning the Process of Manufacture: Dr. Pulak M.Pandey. http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/~pmpandey
[6]. Wikipedia.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Free Vibration Analysis of an Un-cracked & Cracked Fixed Beam
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Malay Quila , Prof. Samar Ch. Mondal , Prof. Susenjit Sarkar
	:	10.9790/1684-11337683

Abstract: The presence of cracks causes changes in the physical properties of a structure which introduces flexibility,and thus reducing the stiffness of the structure with an inherent reduction in modal natural frequencies. Consequently it leads to the change in the dynamic response of the beam. This paper focuses on the theoretical analysis of transverse vibration of a fixed beam and investigates the mode shape frequency. All the theoretical values are analyzed with the numerical method by using ANSYS software and co relate the theoretical values with the numerical values to find out percentage error between them.Also in this paper, a model for free vibration analysis of a beam with an open edge crack has been presented. Variations of natural frequencies due to crack at various locations and with varying crack depths have been studied. A parametric study has been carried out. The analysis was performed using ANSYS software.
Keywords: Fixed beam, Free vibration, Mode Shape Natural Frequency, Crack, ANSYS

[1]. J.P. Chopade , R.B. Barjibhe, journal of Free Vibration Analysis of Fixed Free Beam with Theoretical and Numerical Approach Method (Vol. 2 Issue 1 February 2013).
[2]. Gawali A.L. and Sanjay C. Kumawat , journals of Vibration Analysis of Beams (Volume 1, Issue 1, 2011)
[3]. Papadopoulos C.A., Dimarogonas A.D. (1987) Journal of Sound and Vibration, 117(1), 81-93.
[4]. Zheng D.Y., Fan S.C. (2003) Journal of sound and vibration, 267, 933-954.
[5]. Christides S., Barr A.D.S. (1984) Journal of mechanical science, 26(11/12), 639-648.
[6]. Shen M.H.H., Pierre C. (1990) Journal of sound and vibration, 138(1), 115-134.
[7]. Shen M.H.H., Pierre C. (1994) Journal of sound and vibration, 170(2), 237-259.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design optimization of cam and roller follower for improving efficiency of an I.C engine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Digvijay L. Shinde, Maruti A. Mohite
	:	10.9790/1684-11338488

Abstract: The existing cams used in internal combustion engines are made in a variety of forms which have a line contact with follower. As line contact between current cam and follower mechanism results in high frictional losses which results in low mechanical efficiency. Hence in this work an attempt is made to change the flat face of follower by using optimization technique, so that the required length of contact is reduced near about to point contact can be achieved to minimize frictional losses and the efficiency of the cam and roller follower will be improve.
Keywords: Follower & Cam, Cylinder Contact surface, Line contact, Contact stresses

[1]. Prof. H.D.Desai Prof. V.K.Patel, "Computer Aided Kinematic and Dyamic Analysis of Cam and Follower", Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010 Vol II WCE 2010, June 30 - July 2, 2010, London, U.K.
[2]. Khin Maung Chin, "Design and Kinematics Analysis of Cam-Follower System", GMSARN International Conference on Sustainable Development: Issues and Prospects for the GMS 12-14 Nov. 2008
[3]. M. Teodorescu, M. Kushwaha, H. Rahnejat and D. Taraza, "Elastodynamic Transient Analysis of a Four-Cylinder Valve Train System with Camshaft Flexibility," Pro- ceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, Vol. 219, No. 1, 2005, pp. 13-25.
[4]. Dr. David J Grieve, "Forces in the Valve Train of an Internal Combustion Engine", 23rd February 2004.
[5]. A. Cardona, E. Lens and N. Nigro, "Optimal Design of Cams," Multibody System Dynamics, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2002, pp. 285-305.
[6]. H. S. Jeon, K. J. Park and Y.-S. Park, "An Optimal Cam Profile Design Considering Dynamic Characteristics of a Cam Valve System," Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1989, pp. 357-363