iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: The LM25/Al2O3 nano composites were fabricated using a die casting method .The LM25 Aluminum alloy was reinforced with Al2O3 nan particles 0 wt.%,1 wt.%, 1.5 wt% ,2.5 wt% and 5 % .The composites were characterized by Wear, Tensile, Hardness and Impact tests were carried out in order to identify mechanical properties. . The results reveal that die casting could be an economical route for the production of nano composites. Increasing the volume of fraction and/or reducing the size of Al2O3 nano particulates increase both the tensile and yield strength of the nano composites and reducing the wear
Keywords: MMNC, Nano Alumina, die casting, Mechanical properties

[1]. Granger C (1994),"Dry Machining's Double Benefit", Machinery and Production Engineering, Vol.152(3873), 14-20.
[2]. Zhang Xueping, GaoErwel and Richard Liu C (2009), "Optimization of Process Parameters of Residual Stresses for Hard Turned Surfaces", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 209(9), 4286-4291.
[3]. Quteriro J C, Pina J C, Saoubi R M, Pusavec F and Jawahir I S (2008), "Analysis of Residual Stresses Induced by Dry Turning of Difficult – to – Machine Materials", CIRP Annals –Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 57(1), 77-80.
[4]. Quteriro J C, Dias A M, Lebrun J L and Astakhov V P (2002), "Machining Residual Stresses in AISI 316L Steel and their Correlation with the Cutting Parameters", Machining Science and Technology", Vol. 6(2), 251–270.
[5]. S.Das, "Development of Aluminium Alloy Composites for Engineering Applications", Trans. Indian Inst. Met., vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 325–334, Aug. 2004

Abstract: This paper consists of extensive thermal analysis of the effects of severe loading conditions on the performance of the heat exchanger. To serve the purpose a simplified model of shell and tube type heat exchanger has been designed using kern's method to cool the water from 55 to 45 by using water at room temperature. Then we have carried out steady state thermal analysis on ANSYS 14.0 to justify the design. After that the practical working model of the same has been fabricated using the components of the exact dimensions as derived from the designing. We have tested the heat exchanger under various flow conditions using the insulations of aluminium foil, cotton wool, tape, foam, paper etc. We have also tested the heat exchanger under various ambient temperatures to see its effect on the performance of the heat exchanger. Moreover we have tried to create the turbulence by closing the pump opening and observed its effect on its effectiveness. All these observations along with their discussions have been discussed in detail inside the paper.
Key words: shell and tube type heat exchanger; kern's method; ANSYS 14.0; insulations; turbulence; effectiveness

[3]. Rajagapal THUNDIL KARUPPA RAJ and Srikanth GANNE, "Shell side numericalanalysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger considering the effects of baffle inclination angle on fluid flow", Thundil Karuppa Raj, R., et al.: Shell Side Numerical Analysis of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger ,THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2012, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 1165-1174.
[4]. S. Noie Baghban, M. Moghiman and E. Salehi, " Thermal analysis of shell-side flow of shell-and tube heat exchanger using experimental and theoretical methods" (Received: October 1, 1998 - Accepted in Revised Form: June 3, 1999).
[5]. A.GopiChand, Prof.A.V.N.L.Sharma , G.Vijay Kumar, A.Srividya, " Thermal analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger using mat lab and floefd software", Volume: 1 Issue: 3 276 – 281, ISSN: 2319 – 1163.
[6]. Hari Haran, Ravindra Reddy and Sreehari, "Thermal Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat ExChanger Using C and Ansys" , International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – volume 4 Issue 7–July 2013.
[7]. Donald Q.Kern. 1965. Process Heat transfer (23rd printing 1986). McGraw-Hill companies.ISBN 0-07-Y85353-3.
[8]. Richard C. Byrne Secretary. 1968. Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, INC. (8th Edition). 25 North Broadway Tarrytown, New York 10591.

Abstract: The persistent traffic congestion and the consequent delay at intersections resulting in increased operating cost, travel time, accident rate, loss of convenience and comfort, early depreciation rate of vehicles, more fuel consumption, increased maintenance case are the problems affecting both social and economic life in Ado-Ekiti. To enhance the capacity of roads in Ado Ekiti, the physical road factors on vehicular delay at intersection on 10 major roads were investigated. From the investigation, it was discovered that street trading and illegal parking occupy about 29.4% of the available road width in most of the approaches to intersections. Most of the roads have no shoulder and the one that have failed to meet the required stipulated standard of 2m. The capacity of major roads in Ado-Ekiti can be enhanced if parking facilities and bus terminals are provided and sited outside the right of way at regular intervals on both sides of the roadway. Pedestrian crossing and over-head pedestrian bridges should be provided at strategic locations. Road signs and traffic signals should also be provided at major intersections to ensure free flow of traffic.
Keywords: Capacity, Enhancement, Roadways. Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

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Abstract: Mechanical micro machining is an ideal method to produce high accuracy micro components and micro-milling is the most flexible enabling process and is thus able to generate a wider variety of complex micro components. Machine table is one of the key element of micro-milling machine. Most of Micro milling table consist of slides/guides, recirculating ball screw and air bearing. In most the linear motion guides are used for accurate linear movements. While studying the literature available on micro-milling, there is little information available on mechanical structure like linear motion guide required for the machine to meet desired accuracy and therefore detail study of the table of micro-milling is required. This work attempts to complete study of table for micro-milling within frame work of FEA, in order to assure the desired performance of micromilling machine. However, no systematic design and analysis procedure is available / reported before in the available literature. Finite Element Analysis of Micromilling table is carried out on Static Stress Analysis (Von Mises Analysis), Dynamic Analysis and Modal Analysis aspects of analysis to evaluate the response of micromilling table. In this attempt the response of micromilling table has obtained in the form of frequency, amplitude, compliance and stiffness.
Keywords: Dynamic, FEA, Modal, Simulation, Static etc.

[1]. N K Mehta, "Machine Tool Design and Numerical Control", pp167-168, pp178-187 and pp215-219.
[2]. V B Bhandari, "Design of machine Elements", pp58-pp60.
[3]. http://www.hepcomotion.com/en/simple-select-vee-bearing-linear-motion-guide-pg-14-get-2
[4]. Shih-Ming Wang, Zou-Sung Chiang, Da-Fun Chen and Yao-Yang TSAI, "A New Cutting Force Model for Micro-milling and Determination of Optimal Cutting Parameters", Advanced Materials Research,vols.83-86,2009, pp680-687.
[5]. Cheng-Zhe Jin, Ik-Soo Kang, Jin-Hyo Park, Su-Hoon Jang and Jeong-Suk Kim. "The characteristics of cutting forces in the micro-milling of AISI D2 steel", Journal of material science and technology, 2009

Abstract: In this paper theoretical investigation of NH3-H2O refrigeration system running on waste heat extracted from diesel engine has been carried out. Thermodynamic property at each point of the proposed system has been calculated using related equations at that state. Heat transfer rate of various components and various performance parameters are also calculated using first law analysis and applying mass and energy balance. Here variations in generator temperature, condenser temperature, absorber temperature and evaporator temperature are examined and its effect on coefficient of performance and circulation ratio is observed. From the results obtained with the help of EES software and enthalpy concentration diagram of NH3-H2O it is observed that with increase in generator temperature coefficient of performance of the system increases and it also increases with increase in evaporator temperature but with increase in condenser and evaporator temperature its starts decreasing. Effect of circulation ratio is also analysed it observed that circulation ratio decreases with increase in generator temperature, evaporator temperature and absorber temperature while it increases with increase in generator temperature.
Keywords: generator temperature, evaporator temperature, absorber temperature, diesel engine, exhaust temperature, coefficient of performance, refrigerating effect, first law of thermodynamics, ammonia water absorption system.

[1]. Gordon JM, Ng KC. A general thermodynamic model for absorption chillers: theory and experiment. Heat Recovery Systems & CHP 1995; 15: 73-83.
[2]. Cheung K, Hwang Y, Judge JF, Kolos K, Singh A, Radermacher R. Performance assessment of multistage absorption cycles. Int J Refrig 1996; 19: 473-481.
[3]. Engler M, Grossman G, Hellmann HM. Comparative Simulation and Investigation of Ammonia-Water: Absorption cycles for heat pump applications. Int J Refrig 1997; 20: 504-516.
[4]. Horuz I. A comparison ammonia-water and water-lithium bromide solutions in vapor absorption refrigeration systems. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 1998; 25: 711-721.
[5]. Sun D.W. Comparison of the performances of NH3-H2O, NH3-LiNO3 and NH3-NaSCN absorption refrigeration systems. Energy Conv Manag 1998: 39: 357–368.

Abstract: Most additives usually used in clay are imported to the country, Nigeria. Meanwhile there are several agricultural bi-products and other materials which are regarded as wastes in the country that are underutilized which could be used as additives to alter/improve clay properties. Previous works had revealed that some properties of many Nigerian clays need to be improved on to be found suitable for many engineering applications. This paper aims at investigating the effects of the locally available additives on properties of a selected clay sample. The clay sample obtained from a popular Okelele clay deposit at Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria was purified through the process of picking/sorting, crushing/grinding and sizing (sieving). The sieved clay sample was thoroughly mixed with five (5) different locally available additives (Palm kernel nutshell, Anthill, rice-husk ash, Groug) and Portland cement separately at the ratio of 1:14 by weight. The mixtures were moulded into rectangular shaped brick of 50mm x 50mm x 50mm diameter. The moulded bricks were fired at the temperature of 12000C, which were subjected to series of laboratory tests using British Standard (BS) American Standard of Testing of Materials (ASTM). However, the result revealed that the additive has significant effect on the properties of the clay. The result of this study also revealed that the additives possess the ability to enhance the strengths of the clay, its mouldness and prevent its cracking and rupture during firing. As such, these additives are suitable as replacement for Portland cement (as additive) in clay material for engineering applications. The effects of the additives on the strength of the clay at yield and at failure are geometrically in order arrangement of groug, anthill, palm kernel nutshell and rice husk better than Portland cement as additive to clay.
Key words: Clay, Additives, Engineering Properties, Bricks, Okelele

[1]. Y. L. Shuaib-Babata and B. L. Abdulqadir (2010), "Effect of Rice-Husk on Properties of Okelele Clay in Ilorin, Kwara State", Paper Presented at the 6th Engineering Forum of School of Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado – Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria held at the Conference Centre, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado – Ekiti, Ekiti State 4th - 7th October, 2010.
[2]. J.M. Abdul (2005), "Effect of some selected chemical additives on shrinkage and compressive strength ofball clay in Ikotun", Nigerian Journal of Mechanical Engineering. Vol. 3, No.1.pp 29-36.
[3]. Samuel, J. O. and Adeyemi, M. B. (2004). Effects of Silica/Clay Types and Compositions on the Properties of Ceramic Tiles.Journal of Raw Materials Research, Vol. 1, No 1. Pp. 42-51.
[4]. S. Mittal and J. P. Shukla (2003), "Soil Testing for Engineers", Khanna Publishers, Delhi-India.
[5]. A.G.F. Alabi and Y.A. Abdulkareem (2011), "Technology of Ilorin Emirate in Ilorin: Centre of Learning", (S. A. Jimoh Edited), Jimson Publishers, Ilorin. Pp. 183 – 191.

Abstract: A large portion of the work done in construction projects is carried out by subcontractors. Thus it is very much essential to select a right subcontractor for project's success. Based on dependent, independent variables and their correlation, Weighted Point Score Method for prequalification scrutiny of subcontractor is suggested here with a Logistic Regression (LR) approach which ultimately helps in performance prediction of specialized subcontractor. The paper summarizes the Logistic Regression approach and its advantages, also the Weighted Point Score Method with quantification of different variables on 3 point scale which helps in selecting best suited subcontractor.
Keywords: Dependent Variable, Independent Variables, Logistic Regression (LR) Approach, Prequalification, Specialized Subcontractor, Weighted Point Score Method.

[1]. Albino, V., and Garavelli, A.C. (1998). "A neural network application in sub- contractor rating in construction firms". Int. J. Proj. Manage., 16(1), 9-14.
[2]. Andreas Hartmann; Florence Yean Yng Ling; and Jane S. H. Tan (2009). "Relative Importance of Subcontractor Selection Criteria: Evidence From Singapore". J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 2009.135:826-832.
[3]. Chee Hong Wong (2004). "Contractor Performance Prediction Model For The United Kingdom Construction Contractor: Study of Logistic Regression Approach". J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 2004.130:691-698.
[4]. Holt, G. D. (1995). "A Methodology For Predicting The Performance of Construction Contractors". PhD thesis, Univ. of Wolverhampton, UK.
[5]. Hunt, H. W., Logan, Corbetta, R. H., Bayard, Bogen, S.A. (1966). "Contract Award Practices". J. Constr. Div. , Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 92(1), 1-16.

Abstract: Progress and productivity are the keys to survival, and green manufacturing is a prime source for innovation. In the past few decades a slow rate of development in heat treatment has been done, due to its ignorance and poor understandability. Recently market has started eyeing on heat treatment and surface engineering as the most vital departments were lot of research and development is to be done because of the continuous demand of energy efficient, environmental friendly, optimum cost process. Heat treatment and surface engineering are the key technologies to enhance effective use of materials applied for automobiles, aerospace and weapons. After understanding, such a vital role of heat treatment many advanced steps like vacuum heat treating, development in quenching media , laser heat treating, electromagnetic processing, intensive quenching have been taken which has resulted in 30% increase in case depth, 25-30% reduction in process time, 30% reduction in energy consumption and purely environmental friendly process. This paper presents a short overview of new trends of heat treatment and process optimisation with its future technical possibilities.
Keywords: process optimisation, environmental friendly, future in 2020

[1]. K. Funtani, "Emerging technology in heat treatment and surface engineering of automotive components", IFHTSE conference, 2009.
[2]. Daniel Herring, Frederick J. Otto, "Low-pressure vacuum carburising", Midwest thermal –vac Kenosha, 2009 (online). Available: http://www.heat-treat-doctor.com.
[3]. Daniel Herring, "Technology trends in vacuum heat treating ,part three: new technology and future developments" ,Midwest thermal –vac Kenosha, January 2009(online). Available: http://www.heat-treat-doctor.com.
[4]. Donald Jordan, "Vacuum gas nitriding furnace produces precision nitrided parts" ,ASM Heat treating society, September 2009 [online]. Available: http://www.asminternational.com
[5]. Daniel Herring , Frederick J. Otto , "Low-pressure vacuum carburising" ,Midwest thermal –vac Kenosha,2009 (online). Available: http://www.heat-treat-doctor.com.

Abstract: With the advent of newer materials and intricate shapes of components, unconventional methods of material removal have been developed. Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is one of such processes of material removal. This paper briefly describes the basic features of AWJM, such as, its mechanism of material removal, advantages, disadvantages and application possibilities.
Keywords: AWJM, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages

[1] P.K. Ray, Water Jet Machining-A State of Art, Journal of the Institution of Engineers (I) vol. 63, pt. ME 3 (1982) UDC 621-16/-17:621/621.9 108-111
[2] Module 9, lesson 37, non-conventional machining, version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur.
[3] http://www.wardjet.com/waterjet-university.html
[4] http://waterjets.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=4&Itemid=43
[5] http://lyle.smu.edurcamresearchwaterjetwj2.html updated on 8th December 2009.
[6] P.K. Mishra, Non conventional Machining, Narosa Publishing House, third reprint -20
[7] M. Chithirai Pon Selvan* and Dr. N. Mohana Sundara Raju, Analysis of surface roughness in abrasive waterjet cutting of cast iron, International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 1, No 3, 2012, 174 - 182

Abstract: Energy is most precious thing, so it can be used most efficiency way. Most types of energy now a day's use in form of electricity, which is mainly generated in steam power plant and rest of source are wind, hydro and solar. The heart of steam power plant is boiler and to maximize efficiency of power plant, there is need to increase efficiency of boiler. The boiler efficiency can be evaluated by direct and indirect method, in direct method the energy gain by working fluid is compared with energy content of fuel while in case indirect method various losses compared to the energy input. Present work is concern on energy analysis and efficiency assessment of water tube boiler for sugar industry. By using catalyst what kind of effect on exhaust gas, combustion quality, environment friendliness, economy and up to what extent efficiency increase. By increasing boiler efficiency one can save fuel input to power plant and also earn carbon point and can increase profit to plant. From considering overall analysis and results it is concluded that, the pre boiler efficiency measured by O2 gas analyzer remains same as defined value without using solid combustion catalyst. It also shows that the efficiency of the pre-boiler leads to increase of the order of 2.82%, 2.86%, 2.35% and 2.4% related to four different observed boilers with use of solid combustion catalyst, which is more supportive and required for the reduction of cost. The overall 2.61% improvement in the boiler efficiency as well as 3.3% reduction in baggase consumption. The overall saving of rupees 41, 19,000 with this efficiency is done after using the catalyst

[1]. Saidur, R. (Year 2011) "Energy Savings and Emission Reductions in Industrial Boilers" Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 705-719
[2]. Kumar Rayaprolu by boilers for power and process "CRC taylor and francis group" [3]. Bureau of energy efficiency by Constituted by Energy Conservation Act, 2001

Abstract: For the Damaged Existing RC Column under the Earthquake, or else, its become very vital to retrofit, to repair, to strengthen the capacity in any way so that it could sustain. In this study on basis of F-M curve of RC column, the % Increment in Moment capacity is been presented. So, For Strengthing the capacity of RC Column Casing is been provided along the Periphery of column & various Model of Unconfined & confined RC Column is been analyised & compared to each other for 2 inch, 1 inch & without cover with & without 6mm, 8mm & 10mm Casing. Finally, the results obtained conclude that by providing the casing strength increased approximately 1,5+ times then non-casing column.
Keywords: Column, Retrofit, F-M Curve, Unconfined & confined concrete column

[1]. Aurelie V., Dayae S., and Serge M., (2012). "Influence of cracked inertia and moment-curvature curve idealization on pushover analysis." 15 WCEE LISBOA 2012.
[2]. "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary", American Concrete Institute, 2008.
[3]. Dhakal et al., (2002)."Reinforcement Stability and Fracture of Cover Concrete in Reinforced Concrete Members." Journal of Structural Engineering., pp 1253-1262
[4]. Dezhdar E., and Adebar P., (2012). "Estimating Seismic Demands on High-rise Concrete Shear Wall Buildings."15 WCEE LISBOA 2012.
[5]. Ferdinand et al., (2002). "Mechanics of Materials." New York: McGraw Hill.
[6]. Ghiassi B., Soltani M., and Tasnimi A. A., (2008). "In-plane Lateral Response of Brick Masonry Walls Retrofitted with Reinforced Concrete Layer." The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.