iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2015

Abstract: Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of early post an-esthetic chest physiotherapy nursing intervention (Breathing exercises ) on ventilatory functions, pulmonary complications and Length of postoperative hospitalization) in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery (UAS). Subjects and Methods: Sixty consecutive patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery were recruited into the study. They were divided into two groups of equal number, both received the routine physical therapy (early ambulation ),while those only in the study group received breathing exercises after surgery, while still in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) . The patients in both groups were evaluated on the day before surgery and on the second postoperative day. Pulse oximetry and spirometric tests were performed twice; before beginning intervention and on the second day after surgery. Information regarding Surgery duration, length of hospital stays and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) were gathered from patients' medical records.

[1]. Pasquina P, Tramèr MR., GranierJM and Walder B: Respiratory Physiotherapy To Prevent Pulmonary Complications After [2]. Barisione G, Rovida S, Gazzaniga GM and Fontana L.: Upper abdominal surgery: does a lung function test exist to predict early severe postoperative respiratory complications? Eur. Respir. J.1997; 10: 1301–8
[3]. Samantha T. Grams, Lariane M. Ono, Marcos A. Noronha, Camila I. S. Schivinski, Elaine Paulin .Breathing exercises in upper abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2012;16(5):345-53.
[4]. Kanat F, Golcuk A, Teke T, Golcuk M. Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in upper abdominal surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2007;77(3):13541.
[5]. Renault, J.A., Costa-Val, R. and Rossetti, M.B. (2008). Respiratory physiotherapy in the pulmonary dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 23:562-9.
[6]. Law S, Wong KH, Kwok KF, Chu KM, Wong J. Predictive factors for postoperative pulmonary complications and mortality after esophagectomy for cancer. Ann Surg. 2004;240(5):791-800.

Abstract: Screening is a fundamental approach for control and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of TB among university female students in an educational setting in Saudi Arabia and to implement TB prevention and control program. Asample of 209 university female students completed the study. A cross-sectional design was used for tuberculosis screening. The study was conducted at an academic educational setting in the center region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Two tools were applied for the study(1) aquestionnaire which includes (a) socio-demographic data sheet, (b) Tuberculosis data sheet.And (2) a tuberculin skin test was used. The study results showed that 91% of the studied sample was tuberculin negative (-ve) while 9% was tuberculin positive (+ve).

[1]. World Health Organization (2013) Global Tuberculosis report: 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization.59-68.
[2]. Ministry of Health (2014) Statistics Book Year 2014. Riyadh: Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. 52-53.
[3]. Varghese B., Supply, P., Shoukri, M., et al. Tuberculosis transmission among immigrants and autochthonous populations of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. PLoS One. 24(11), 2013, 243-254.
[4]. Restrepo BI., Camerlin, AJ.,Rahbar, MH., et al. Cross-sectional assessment reveals high diabetes prevalence among newly-diagnosed tuberculosis caese. Bull World Health Organ. 89, 2011, 352-359.
[5]. American College Health Association's Tuberculosis Guidelines. Tuberculosis screening and targeted testing of college and university students. www.acha.org. Accessed April 21, 2014.

Abstract: Preterm babies are more prone to develop disorders and so require immediate intensive care. In the conventional neonatal intensive care, the baby is kept in the incubator, separated from the mother. Some actions have been taken in order to make this mother-child separation less traumatic. One of these actions is the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) characterized by skin-to-skin contact between mother and her newborn. The spreading acceptance of Kangaroo Mother Care is an indication of its function as a human incubator which is easily available. It is not only satisfying to both the baby and the parents and costs nothing but also results in early discharge and infant survival. In view of the benefits KMC brings to the infants and parents, this practice has to be encouraged. Keywords: Preterm babies, Kangaroo Mother Care.

[1]. Indumathy.S et al. "Premature Labor Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment", Nightingale Nursing Times, 2009 Jan.
[2]. Padmaja.A et al. "An Overview of Kangaroo Care", Nightingale Nursing Times, 2008 Apr.
[3]. Sivapriya.S et al. "Effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on Kangaroo Mother Care among the mothers of preterm babies", Prism‟s Nursing Practice 2007 Vol 2 (4) 174-176.
[4]. J Trop Pediatr. 2010 Oct; 56(5):342-4. doi : 10.1093/tropej/fmq063.Epub 2010 Jul.

Abstract: As in many other developing count ries, public service at several fields such as education, health, public transport, housing, social welfare, nutrient, electricity and drink water, has been delivered by governmental bureaucracy aimed to improve social welfare of the people. Therefore, the access to the decision-making to determine the allocation of public service and also the access to the bureaucracy to determine the distribution of service will be important to achieve the evenly distribution of service. records.

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